Access workflow execution results

After you execute a workflow, you can access workflow execution results in the Google Cloud console or by using the Google Cloud CLI.

Console

In the Google Cloud console, go to the Workflows page.

Go to Workflows
To access a workflow's execution results, click the workflow's name to go to its Workflow details page.
For details about a particular execution, on the Executions tab, click the execution ID in the list to go to its Execution details page.

Note: To access the Execution details page, you must have a role that contains the workflows.workflows.get, workflows.executions.get, and workflows.stepEntries.list permissions. For more information, see Workflows roles and permissions and Manage access.
On the Summary tab, each execution has the following information:
- Execution ID: the unique identifier of the workflow execution.
- Execution state: indicates the workflow's end state, including the current or final workflow step.
- Execution created: when the execution was initiated.
- Execution start: when the execution began running and executing steps.
- Execution end: when the execution ended.
- Execution duration: total time elapsed. This can be an indication of network errors or connectivity problems.
- Workflow name: the workflow name.
- Workflow revision: the current revision at the time of execution.
- Call log level: the level of call logging applied during the execution. For more information, see Call logging.
- Input: the runtime arguments passed to the workflow, if any.
- Output: the workflow's output. If the execution failed, includes the exception that led to the execution's failure. In this document, see Execution error maps.
To view the workflow execution history as a list of step entries, click the Steps tab. For more information, see View history of execution steps.
To view the logs for a workflow execution, click the Logs tab.
To filter the execution logs, use the Filter field at the top of the table. For example, to display only failed execution attempts, enter failed in the filter's text field.

gcloud

To see a full list of a workflow's executions, enter the following command:
```
gcloud workflows executions list WORKFLOW_NAME
```
Replace WORKFLOW_NAME with your workflow's name. Copy the execution ID of the execution you're interested in.

To view a workflow's execution logs, enter the following command:

gcloud workflows executions describe \
    --workflow=WORKFLOW_NAME \
    EXECUTION_ID

Replace the following:

WORKFLOW_NAME: the workflow's name
EXECUTION_ID: the execution's unique ID

This command returns output similar to the following:

argument: 'null'
endTime: '2022-07-19T12:40:07.070039707Z'
error:
 context: |-
    The argument of 'in' must be a dict or an array; got: null
    in step "checkSearchTermInInput", routine "main", line: 12
 payload: "{"message":"The argument of 'in' must be a dict or an array; got: null"

    ,"tags":["TypeError"]}"
 stackTrace:
    elements:
    - position:
       column: '26'
       length: '24'
       line: '12'
       routine: main
       step: checkSearchTermInInput
name: projects/1051295516635/locations/us-central1/workflows/myFirstWorkflow/executions/17ffc89c-0a27-4d2f-8356-e681d949a3d3
startTime: '2022-07-19T12:40:07.024823663Z'
state: FAILED
status:
 currentSteps:
 - routine: main
    step: checkSearchTermInInput
workflowRevisionId: 000001-ac2

The output contains the following information:

argument: the runtime arguments passed to the workflow, if any
endTime: when the execution ended
error: the error message thrown as a part of the exception that resulted in the execution's failure
name: the full name of the execution, including the name of the project, the location of the workflow, the name of the workflow, and the execution ID
startTime: when the execution began
state: indicates the workflow's end state
status: the current or final workflow step of the execution
workflowRevisionID: the current revision at the time of the execution

Execution error maps

When a workflow throws an error during execution that isn't caught in a try/except block, the execution fails, and an error map (a JSON dictionary) describing the error is returned.

Errors thrown during workflow execution contain tags to help you identify what caused the error. For example, the error returned from a connector can have two keys (tags and message) similar to the following:

{'tags': ['SystemError'], 'message': 'an error has occurred'}

There can be more than one tag. To check for a specific tag, you can use an expression. For example:

${'SystemError' in e.tags}

Access error data returned as a string

Some connectors and HTTP APIs will serialize errors as strings before returning the errors. You can use standard library functions to restore a payload to the original error. For example, to convert an error string to a map, you can use the json.decode and text.encode functions:

json.decode(text.encode(ERROR_FROM_API))

Error tags

The following table describes the meaning of different error tags.

Tag	Description
AuthError	Raised when generating credentials for an HTTP request fails.
ConnectionError	Raised when a connection is successfully established with the endpoint but there is a problem with the connection during data transfer. The connection is terminated before a full response is received and a message might not have been delivered to the endpoint. Retries might not be idempotent.
ConnectionFailedError	Raised when a connection is not established with the API endpoint; for example, due to an incorrect domain name, DNS resolution issues, or other network problems. Retries are idempotent.
HttpError	Raised when an HTTP request fails with an HTTP error status. When this exception is raised, the response is a map with the following elements: `tags`—list with `HttpError` string `message`—human-readable error message `code`—HTTP response status code `headers`—response headers `body`—response body
IndexError	Raised when a sequence subscript is an out of range integer.
KeyError	Raised when a map key is not found in the set of existing keys.
OperationError	Raised when a long-running operation finishes unsuccessfully.
ParallelNestingError	Raised when the maximum depth that parallel steps can be nested is exceeded.
RecursionError	Raised when the interpreter detects that the maximum call stack depth is exceeded.
ResourceLimitError	Raised when some resource limit is exhausted. When raised internally, this type of error cannot be caught and causes immediate execution failure.
ResponseTypeError	Raised when a long-running operation returns a response of the wrong type.
SystemError	Raised when the interpreter finds an internal error.
TimeoutError	Raised when a system function times out at the system level.
TypeError	Raised when an operation or function is applied to an object of incompatible type. The associated value is a string giving details about the type mismatch.
UnhandledBranchError	Raised when one or more branches or iterations encounters an unhandled runtime error up to a maximum number.
ValueError	Raised when an operation or function receives an argument that has the correct type but an incorrect value, and the situation is not described by a more precise exception, such as an `IndexError`.
ZeroDivisionError	Raised when the second argument of a division or modulo operation is zero. The associated value is a string indicating the type of the operands and the operation.

You can also raise custom errors using the raise syntax.