大学の願書とテスト送信プロセス用に設計された次の Django フォーム処理コードを確認します。このコードは、個人情報、学業成績、標準化テストのスコアなど、出願者の情報を収集して検証します。バグ、非効率性、セキュリティ リスク、Django のベスト プラクティスや PEP 8 標準からの逸脱を特定します。
fromdjangoimportformsfromdjango.core.exceptionsimportValidationErrorfromcollege.modelsimportApplication,AcademicRecord,TestScorefromdjango.utils.translationimportgettext_lazyas_fromdjango.dbimporttransactionclassCollegeApplicationForm(forms.ModelForm):classMeta:model=Applicationfields=['first_name','last_name','email','phone_number','address','birthdate','intended_major']gpa=forms.DecimalField(max_digits=4,decimal_places=2,min_value=0.0,max_value=4.0)sat_score=forms.IntegerField(min_value=400,max_value=1600,required=False)act_score=forms.IntegerField(min_value=1,max_value=36,required=False)transcript=forms.FileField(required=True)defclean(self):cleaned_data=super().clean()sat_score=cleaned_data.get('sat_score')act_score=cleaned_data.get('act_score')ifnotsat_scoreandnotact_score:raiseValidationError(_('At least one test score (SAT or ACT) is required.'))ifcleaned_data.get('emai')andApplication.objects.filter(email=cleaned_data.get('email')).exists():raiseValidationError(_('An application with this email already exists.'))returncleaned_datadefsave(self,commit=True):withtransaction.atomic():application=super().save(commit=False)academic_record=AcademicRecord(application=application,gpa=self.cleaned_data['gpa'],transcript=self.cleaned_data['transcript'])ifcommit:application.save()academic_record.save()ifself.cleaned_data.get('sat_score'):TestScore.objects.create(application=application,test_type='SAT',score=self.cleaned_data['sat_score'])ifself.cleaned_data.get('act_score'):TestScore.objects.create(application=application,test_type='ACT',score=self.cleaned_data['act_score'])returnapplication
回答
このコードにはいくつかの問題があります。
1. PEP 8 違反:
フィールドの配置:gpa、sat_score、act_score、transcript フィールドは Meta クラス外で定義されます。Meta クラス内にあるか、クラス内の個別の forms.fields として定義する必要があります。スタンドアロンの属性として定義することはできません。
fromdjangoimportformsfromdjango.core.exceptionsimportValidationErrorfromcollege.modelsimportApplication,AcademicRecord,TestScorefromdjango.utils.translationimportgettext_lazyas_fromdjango.dbimporttransactionfromdjango.core.files.storageimportdefault_storageclassCollegeApplicationForm(forms.ModelForm):classMeta:model=Applicationfields=['first_name','last_name','email','phone_number','address','birthdate','intended_major']widgets={'birthdate':forms.DateInput(attrs={'type':'date'}),}gpa=forms.DecimalField(max_digits=4,decimal_places=2,min_value=0.0,max_value=4.0,label="GPA")sat_score=forms.IntegerField(min_value=400,max_value=1600,required=False,label="SAT Score")act_score=forms.IntegerField(min_value=1,max_value=36,required=False,label="ACT Score")transcript=forms.FileField(required=True,label="Transcript")defclean_email(self):email=self.cleaned_data['email']ifApplication.objects.filter(email=email).exists():raiseValidationError(_('An application with this email already exists.'))returnemaildefclean(self):cleaned_data=super().clean()sat_score=cleaned_data.get('sat_score')act_score=cleaned_data.get('act_score')ifnotsat_scoreandnotact_score:raiseValidationError(_('At least one test score (SAT or ACT) is required.'))returncleaned_datadefsave(self,commit=True):try:withtransaction.atomic():application=super().save(commit=False)application.save()# Save the application firstAcademicRecord.objects.create(application=application,gpa=self.cleaned_data['gpa'],transcript=self.cleaned_data['transcript'])ifself.cleaned_data.get('sat_score'):TestScore.objects.create(application=application,test_type='SAT',score=self.cleaned_data['sat_score'])ifself.cleaned_data.get('act_score'):TestScore.objects.create(application=application,test_type='ACT',score=self.cleaned_data['act_score'])returnapplicationexceptExceptionase:# Handle exceptions appropriately, log the error, and potentially raise a more user-friendly exception.print(f"Error saving application: {e}")# Replace with proper loggingraiseValidationError(_("An error occurred while saving your application. Please try again later."))