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Mensaje Formato libre
Multi-choice problem: What is the topic of this text?
- entertainment
- technology
- politics
- sports
- business
- health
- fun
- culture
- science
Text: Samba, is a name or prefix used for several rhythmic variants, such as
samba urbano carioca (urban Carioca samba), samba de roda (sometimes also called
rural samba), recognized as part of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity
by UNESCO, amongst many other forms of Samba, mostly originated in the Rio de
Janeiro and Bahia States. Samba is a broad term for many of the rhythms that
compose the better known Brazilian music genres that originated in the
Afro-Brazilian communities of Bahia in the late 19th century and early 20th
century, having continued its development on the communities of Rio de Janeiro
in the early 20th century. Having its roots in the Afro-Brazilian Candomblé, as
well as other Afro-Brazilian and Indigenous folk traditions, such as the
traditional Samba de Caboclo, it is considered one of the most important
cultural phenomena in Brazil and one of the country's symbols. Present in the
Portuguese language at least since the 19th century, the word "samba" was
originally used to designate a "popular dance". Over time, its meaning has been
extended to a "batuque-like circle dance", a dance style, and also to a "music
genre". This process of establishing itself as a musical genre began in the
1910s and it had its inaugural landmark in the song "Pelo Telefone", launched in
1917. Despite being identified by its creators, the public, and the Brazilian
music industry as "samba", this pioneering style was much more connected
from the rhythmic and instrumental point of view to maxixe than to samba
itself.
Samba was modernly structured as a musical genre only in the late 1920s from the
neighborhood of Estácio and soon extended to Oswaldo Cruz and other parts of Rio
through its commuter rail. Today synonymous with the rhythm of samba, this new
samba brought innovations in rhythm, melody and also in thematic aspects. Its
rhythmic change based on a new percussive instrumental pattern resulted in a
more "batucado" and syncopated style – as opposed to the inaugural
"samba-maxixe" – notably characterized by a faster tempo, longer notes and a
characterized cadence far beyond the simple ones palms used so far. Also the
"Estácio paradigm" innovated in the formatting of samba as a song, with its
musical organization in first and second parts in both melody and lyrics. In
this way, the sambistas of Estácio created, structured and redefined the urban
Carioca samba as a genre in a modern and finished way. In this process of
establishment as an urban and modern musical expression, the Carioca samba had
the decisive role of samba schools, responsible for defining and legitimizing
definitively the aesthetic bases of rhythm, and radio broadcasting, which
greatly contributed to the diffusion and popularization of the genre and its
song singers. Thus, samba has achieved major projection throughout Brazil and
has become one of the main symbols of Brazilian national identity. Once
criminalized and rejected for its Afro-Brazilian origins, and definitely
working-class music in its mythic origins, the genre has also received support
from members of the upper classes and the country's cultural elite.
Respuesta
- culture
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