Créer des tâches App Engine

Vous trouverez sur cette page la procédure à suivre pour créer par programmation des tâches App Engine et les placer dans des files d'attente Cloud Tasks. À l'aide de ce processus, vous pouvez spécifier explicitement le service et le gestionnaire devant traiter la tâche, et éventuellement transmettre des données spécifiques à la tâche au gestionnaire.

Vous pouvez également ajuster la configuration de la tâche, par exemple en planifiant une heure future d'exécution ou en limitant le nombre de nouvelles tentatives en cas d'échec de la tâche. Si vous choisissez de nommer la tâche, Cloud Tasks peut utiliser ce nom pour assurer la déduplication de la tâche, bien que le traitement nécessaire puisse augmenter la latence.

Vous créez des tâches sous la forme d'une requête HTTP que vous pouvez construire comme vous le souhaitez. Toutefois, l'utilisation des bibliothèques clientes Google Cloud, comme dans les exemples suivants, peut vous aider à gérer les détails de communication de bas niveau avec le serveur, tels que l'authentification avec Google.

C#

cloudtasks/api/TasksSample/CreateTask.cs

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using Google.Cloud.Tasks.V2;
using Google.Protobuf;
using Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes;
using System;

class CreateAppEngineTask
{
    public string CreateTask(
        string projectId = "YOUR-PROJECT-ID",
        string location = "us-central1",
        string queue = "my-queue",
        string payload = "Hello World!",
        int inSeconds = 0)
    {
        CloudTasksClient client = CloudTasksClient.Create();
        QueueName parent = new QueueName(projectId, location, queue);

        var response = client.CreateTask(new CreateTaskRequest
        {
            Parent = parent.ToString(),
            Task = new Task
            {
                AppEngineHttpRequest = new AppEngineHttpRequest
                {
                    HttpMethod = HttpMethod.Post,
                    RelativeUri = "/log_payload",
                    Body = ByteString.CopyFromUtf8(payload)
                },
                ScheduleTime = Timestamp.FromDateTime(
                    DateTime.UtcNow.AddSeconds(inSeconds))
            }
        });

        Console.WriteLine($"Created Task {response.Name}");
        return response.Name;
    }
}

Python

appengine/flexible/tasks/create_app_engine_queue_task.py

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"""Create a task for a given queue with an arbitrary payload."""

from google.cloud import tasks_v2
import datetime
import json

# Create a client.
client = tasks_v2.CloudTasksClient()

# TODO(developer): Uncomment these lines and replace with your values.
# project = 'my-project-id'
# queue = 'my-appengine-queue'
# location = 'us-central1'
# payload = 'hello' or {'param': 'value'} for application/json
# in_seconds = None

# Construct the fully qualified queue name.
parent = client.queue_path(project, location, queue)

# Construct the request body.
task = {
        'app_engine_http_request': {  # Specify the type of request.
            'http_method': tasks_v2.HttpMethod.POST,
            'relative_uri': '/example_task_handler'
        }
}
if payload is not None:
    if isinstance(payload, dict):
        # Convert dict to JSON string
        payload = json.dumps(payload)
        # specify http content-type to application/json
        task["app_engine_http_request"]["headers"] = {"Content-type": "application/json"}
    # The API expects a payload of type bytes.
    converted_payload = payload.encode()

    # Add the payload to the request.
    task['app_engine_http_request']['body'] = converted_payload

if in_seconds is not None:
    # Convert "seconds from now" into an rfc3339 datetime string.
    timestamp = datetime.datetime.utcnow() + datetime.timedelta(seconds=in_seconds)

    # Add the timestamp to the tasks.
    task['schedule_time'] = timestamp

# Use the client to build and send the task.
response = client.create_task(parent=parent, task=task)

print('Created task {}'.format(response.name))
return response

Notez le fichier requirements.txt :

appengine/flexible/tasks/requirements.txt

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Flask==2.0.1
gunicorn==20.1.0
google-cloud-tasks==2.5.1

Java

appengine-java8/tasks/quickstart/src/main/java/com/example/task/CreateTask.java

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// Instantiates a client.
try (CloudTasksClient client = CloudTasksClient.create()) {

  // Variables provided by the CLI.
  // projectId = "my-project-id";
  // queueName = "my-appengine-queue";
  // location = "us-central1";
  // payload = "hello";

  // Construct the fully qualified queue name.
  String queuePath = QueueName.of(projectId, location, queueName).toString();

  // Construct the task body.
  Task.Builder taskBuilder =
      Task.newBuilder()
          .setAppEngineHttpRequest(
              AppEngineHttpRequest.newBuilder()
                  .setBody(ByteString.copyFrom(payload, Charset.defaultCharset()))
                  .setRelativeUri("/tasks/create")
                  .setHttpMethod(HttpMethod.POST)
                  .build());

  if (params.hasOption(IN_SECONDS_OPTION.getOpt())) {
    // Add the scheduled time to the request.
    int seconds = Integer.parseInt(params.getOptionValue(IN_SECONDS_OPTION.getOpt()));
    taskBuilder.setScheduleTime(
        Timestamp.newBuilder()
            .setSeconds(Instant.now(Clock.systemUTC()).plusSeconds(seconds).getEpochSecond()));
  }

  // Send create task request.
  Task task = client.createTask(queuePath, taskBuilder.build());
  System.out.println("Task created: " + task.getName());
}

Notez le fichier pom.xml :

appengine-java8/tasks/quickstart/pom.xml

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!--
Copyright 2018 Google LLC

 Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 You may obtain a copy of the License at

       http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 limitations under the License.
-->
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <packaging>war</packaging>
  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <groupId>com.example.task</groupId>
  <artifactId>appengine-tasks-j8</artifactId>

  <!--
    The parent pom defines common style checks and testing strategies for our samples.
    Removing or replacing it should not affect the execution of the samples in anyway.
  -->
  <parent>
    <groupId>com.google.cloud.samples</groupId>
    <artifactId>shared-configuration</artifactId>
    <version>1.0.23</version>
    <relativePath></relativePath>
  </parent>

  <properties>
    <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
    <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
    <failOnMissingWebXml>false</failOnMissingWebXml>
  </properties>

  <dependencies>
    <!-- Compile/runtime dependencies -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
      <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
      <version>3.1.0</version>
      <type>jar</type>
      <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.google.cloud</groupId>
      <artifactId>google-cloud-tasks</artifactId>
      <version>1.33.2</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>commons-cli</groupId>
      <artifactId>commons-cli</artifactId>
      <version>1.4</version>
      <scope>compile</scope>
    </dependency>
    <!-- Test dependencies -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      <version>4.13.2</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.google.truth</groupId>
      <artifactId>truth</artifactId>
      <version>1.1.3</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>

  <build>
    <!-- for hot reload of the web application-->
    <outputDirectory>${project.build.directory}/${project.build.finalName}/WEB-INF/classes
    </outputDirectory>
    <plugins>
      <plugin>
        <groupId>com.google.cloud.tools</groupId>
        <artifactId>appengine-maven-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>2.4.0</version>
        <configuration>
          <projectId>GCLOUD_CONFIG</projectId>
          <version>GCLOUD_CONFIG</version>
          <deploy.promote>true</deploy.promote>
          <deploy.stopPreviousVersion>true</deploy.stopPreviousVersion>
        </configuration>
      </plugin>

      <!-- <plugin>
        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
        <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>3.3.0</version>
      </plugin> -->

      <plugin>
        <groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>
        <artifactId>exec-maven-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>3.0.0</version>
        <configuration>
          <mainClass>com.example.task.CreateTask</mainClass>
          <cleanupDaemonThreads>false</cleanupDaemonThreads>
        </configuration>
      </plugin>
    </plugins>
  </build>
</project>

PHP

appengine/standard/tasks/snippets/src/create_task.php

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use Google\Cloud\Tasks\V2\AppEngineHttpRequest;
use Google\Cloud\Tasks\V2\CloudTasksClient;
use Google\Cloud\Tasks\V2\HttpMethod;
use Google\Cloud\Tasks\V2\Task;

/** Uncomment and populate these variables in your code */
// $projectId = 'The Google project ID';
// $locationId = 'The Location ID';
// $queueId = 'The Cloud Tasks App Engine Queue ID';
// $payload = 'The payload your task should carry to the task handler. Optional';

// Instantiate the client and queue name.
$client = new CloudTasksClient();
$queueName = $client->queueName($projectId, $locationId, $queueId);

// Create an App Engine Http Request Object.
$httpRequest = new AppEngineHttpRequest();
// The path of the HTTP request to the App Engine service.
$httpRequest->setRelativeUri('/task_handler');
// POST is the default HTTP method, but any HTTP method can be used.
$httpRequest->setHttpMethod(HttpMethod::POST);
// Setting a body value is only compatible with HTTP POST and PUT requests.
if (isset($payload)) {
    $httpRequest->setBody($payload);
}

// Create a Cloud Task object.
$task = new Task();
$task->setAppEngineHttpRequest($httpRequest);

// Send request and print the task name.
$response = $client->createTask($queueName, $task);
printf('Created task %s' . PHP_EOL, $response->getName());

Notez le fichier composer.json :

appengine/standard/tasks/snippets/composer.json

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{
    "require": {
        "google/cloud-tasks": "^1.4.0"
    }
}

Go

appengine/go11x/tasks/create_task/create_task.go

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// Command create_task constructs and adds a task to an App Engine Queue.
package main

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"

	cloudtasks "cloud.google.com/go/cloudtasks/apiv2"
	taskspb "google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/cloud/tasks/v2"
)

// createTask creates a new task in your App Engine queue.
func createTask(projectID, locationID, queueID, message string) (*taskspb.Task, error) {
	// Create a new Cloud Tasks client instance.
	// See https://godoc.org/cloud.google.com/go/cloudtasks/apiv2
	ctx := context.Background()
	client, err := cloudtasks.NewClient(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("NewClient: %v", err)
	}
	defer client.Close()

	// Build the Task queue path.
	queuePath := fmt.Sprintf("projects/%s/locations/%s/queues/%s", projectID, locationID, queueID)

	// Build the Task payload.
	// https://godoc.org/google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/cloud/tasks/v2#CreateTaskRequest
	req := &taskspb.CreateTaskRequest{
		Parent: queuePath,
		Task: &taskspb.Task{
			// https://godoc.org/google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/cloud/tasks/v2#AppEngineHttpRequest
			MessageType: &taskspb.Task_AppEngineHttpRequest{
				AppEngineHttpRequest: &taskspb.AppEngineHttpRequest{
					HttpMethod:  taskspb.HttpMethod_POST,
					RelativeUri: "/task_handler",
				},
			},
		},
	}

	// Add a payload message if one is present.
	req.Task.GetAppEngineHttpRequest().Body = []byte(message)

	createdTask, err := client.CreateTask(ctx, req)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("cloudtasks.CreateTask: %v", err)
	}

	return createdTask, nil
}

Node.js

samples/createTask.js

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// Imports the Google Cloud Tasks library.
const {CloudTasksClient} = require('@google-cloud/tasks');

// Instantiates a client.
const client = new CloudTasksClient();

async function createTask() {
  // TODO(developer): Uncomment these lines and replace with your values.
  // const project = 'my-project-id';
  // const queue = 'my-appengine-queue';
  // const location = 'us-central1';
  // const payload = 'Hello, World!';

  // Construct the fully qualified queue name.
  const parent = client.queuePath(project, location, queue);

  const task = {
    appEngineHttpRequest: {
      httpMethod: 'POST',
      relativeUri: '/log_payload',
    },
  };

  if (payload) {
    task.appEngineHttpRequest.body = Buffer.from(payload).toString('base64');
  }

  if (inSeconds) {
    // The time when the task is scheduled to be attempted.
    task.scheduleTime = {
      seconds: inSeconds + Date.now() / 1000,
    };
  }

  console.log('Sending task:');
  console.log(task);
  // Send create task request.
  const request = {parent, task};
  const [response] = await client.createTask(request);
  const name = response.name;
  console.log(`Created task ${name}`);
}
createTask();

Notez le fichier package.json :

samples/package.json

Afficher sur GitHub

{
  "name": "appengine-cloudtasks",
  "description": "Google App Engine Cloud Tasks example.",
  "license": "Apache-2.0",
  "author": "Google Inc.",
  "private": true,
  "engines": {
    "node": ">=10"
  },
  "files": [
    "*.js"
  ],
  "scripts": {
    "test": "mocha",
    "start": "node server.js"
  },
  "dependencies": {
    "@google-cloud/tasks": "^2.3.6",
    "body-parser": "^1.18.3",
    "express": "^4.16.3"
  },
  "devDependencies": {
    "chai": "^4.2.0",
    "mocha": "^8.0.0",
    "uuid": "^8.0.0"
  }
}

Ruby

appengine/cloud-tasks/create_task.rb

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require "google/cloud/tasks"

# Create an App Engine Task
#
# @param [String] project_id Your Google Cloud Project ID.
# @param [String] location_id Your Google Cloud Project Location ID.
# @param [String] queue_id Your Google Cloud App Engine Queue ID.
# @param [String] payload The request body of your task.
# @param [Integer] seconds The delay, in seconds, to process your task.
def create_task project_id, location_id, queue_id, payload: nil, seconds: nil
  # Instantiates a client.
  client = Google::Cloud::Tasks.cloud_tasks

  # Construct the fully qualified queue name.
  parent = client.queue_path project: project_id, location: location_id, queue: queue_id

  # Construct task.
  task = {
    app_engine_http_request: {
      http_method:  "POST",
      relative_uri: "/log_payload"
    }
  }

  # Add payload to task body.
  if payload
    task[:app_engine_http_request][:body] = payload
  end

  # Add scheduled time to task.
  if seconds
    timestamp = Google::Protobuf::Timestamp.new
    timestamp.seconds = Time.now.to_i + seconds.to_i
    task[:schedule_time] = timestamp
  end

  # Send create task request.
  puts "Sending task #{task}"
  response = client.create_task parent: parent, task: task

  puts "Created task #{response.name}" if response.name
end

Étapes suivantes

• Découvrez comment créer des gestionnaires App Engine.
• Apprenez-en davantage sur les tâches dans la référence de l'API RPC.
• Découvrez-en plus sur les tâches dans la documentation de référence de l'API REST.