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Créer des tâches App Engine

Cette page montre comment créer de manière automatisée des tâches App Engine et les placer dans des files d'attente Cloud Tasks. Ce processus vous permet de spécifier explicitement le service et le gestionnaire qui doivent traiter la tâche et, éventuellement, de transmettre des données spécifiques à la tâche au gestionnaire. Le service Cloud Tasks transmet la requête de tâche au gestionnaire, mais ce nœud de calcul se trouve dans App Engine. Ainsi, toutes les files d'attente qui ciblent les gestionnaires App Engine doivent avoir une application App Engine. Les gestionnaires doivent s'exécuter dans la région où l'application App Engine s'exécute. Cette région sert également de paramètre LOCATION_ID pour vos requêtes Cloud Tasks. Pour en savoir plus, consultez la section Files d'attente Cloud Tasks avec cibles App Engine.

Vous pouvez également affiner la configuration de la tâche, par exemple en planifiant une heure d'exécution ultérieure ou en limitant le nombre de tentatives d'exécution de la tâche en cas d'échec. Si vous avez choisi de spécifier un nom pour la tâche, Cloud Tasks peut l'utiliser pour garantir la déduplication des tâches, même si le traitement nécessaire peut augmenter la latence.

Règles de pare-feu App Engine

Dans l'environnement standard App Engine, le pare-feu App Engine peut autoriser un certain trafic interne à contourner le pare-feu. Cela signifie que si vous définissez la règle default sur deny, les requêtes de certains services destinés à l'environnement standard App Engine ne sont pas bloquées. Il s'agit de tous les types de trafic demandés dans la configuration de l'application ou envoyés à partir de la même application. Les requêtes qui contournent les règles de pare-feu de cette manière incluent également les tâches App Engine dans Cloud Tasks (y compris les files d'attente App Engine).

Pour autoriser les requêtes entrantes, les plages d'adresses IP suivantes pour les tâches App Engine dans Cloud Tasks (y compris les files d'attente App Engine) sont les suivantes :

Plage d'adresses IP pour les requêtes envoyées à l'environnement standard App Engine : 0.1.0.2/32 ( contourne la règle de pare-feu par défaut si elle est définie sur "Refuser")
Plage d'adresses IP pour les requêtes envoyées à l'environnement flexible App Engine : 0.1.0.2/32

Créer des tâches à l'aide des bibliothèques clientes

Vous créez des tâches sous la forme d'une requête HTTP que vous pouvez construire comme vous le souhaitez. Toutefois, l'utilisation des bibliothèques clientes, comme dans les exemples suivants, peut vous aider à gérer les détails de la communication de bas niveau avec le serveur, y compris l'authentification avec Google. Pour ajouter une tâche à une file d'attente, consultez la section Ajouter une tâche à une file d'attente Cloud Tasks.

C#

cloudtasks/api/TasksSample/CreateTask.cs

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using Google.Cloud.Tasks.V2;
using Google.Protobuf;
using Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes;
using System;

class CreateAppEngineTask
{
    public string CreateTask(
        // TODO<developer>: call this method by passing correct values for
        // the following parameters or change the parameters' default values.
        string projectId = "YOUR-PROJECT-ID",
        string location = "us-central1",
        string queue = "my-queue",
        string payload = "Hello World!",
        int inSeconds = 0)
    {
        CloudTasksClient client = CloudTasksClient.Create();
        QueueName parent = new QueueName(projectId, location, queue);

        var response = client.CreateTask(new CreateTaskRequest
        {
            Parent = parent.ToString(),
            Task = new Task
            {
                AppEngineHttpRequest = new AppEngineHttpRequest
                {
                    HttpMethod = HttpMethod.Post,
                    RelativeUri = "/log_payload",
                    Body = ByteString.CopyFromUtf8(payload)
                },
                ScheduleTime = Timestamp.FromDateTime(
                    DateTime.UtcNow.AddSeconds(inSeconds))
            }
        });

        Console.WriteLine($"Created Task {response.Name}");
        return response.Name;
    }
}

Python

appengine/flexible/tasks/create_app_engine_queue_task.py

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"""Create a task for a given queue with an arbitrary payload."""

from google.cloud import tasks_v2
from google.protobuf import timestamp_pb2
import datetime
import json

# Create a client.
client = tasks_v2.CloudTasksClient()

# TODO(developer): Uncomment these lines and replace with your values.
# project = 'my-project-id'
# queue = 'my-appengine-queue'
# location = 'us-central1'
# payload = 'hello' or {'param': 'value'} for application/json
# in_seconds = None

# Construct the fully qualified queue name.
parent = client.queue_path(project, location, queue)

# Construct the request body.
task = {
        'app_engine_http_request': {  # Specify the type of request.
            'http_method': tasks_v2.HttpMethod.POST,
            'relative_uri': '/example_task_handler'
        }
}
if payload is not None:
    if isinstance(payload, dict):
        # Convert dict to JSON string
        payload = json.dumps(payload)
        # specify http content-type to application/json
        task["app_engine_http_request"]["headers"] = {"Content-type": "application/json"}
    # The API expects a payload of type bytes.
    converted_payload = payload.encode()

    # Add the payload to the request.
    task['app_engine_http_request']['body'] = converted_payload

if in_seconds is not None:
    # Convert "seconds from now" into an rfc3339 datetime string.
    d = datetime.datetime.now(tz=datetime.timezone.utc) + datetime.timedelta(seconds=in_seconds)

    # Create Timestamp protobuf.
    timestamp = timestamp_pb2.Timestamp()
    timestamp.FromDatetime(d)

    # Add the timestamp to the tasks.
    task['schedule_time'] = timestamp

# Use the client to build and send the task.
response = client.create_task(parent=parent, task=task)

print('Created task {}'.format(response.name))
return response

Notez le fichier requirements.txt :

appengine/flexible/tasks/requirements.txt

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Flask==2.1.0; python_version > '3.6'
Flask==2.0.3; python_version < '3.7'
gunicorn==20.1.0
google-cloud-tasks==2.7.1

Java

appengine-java11/tasks/src/main/java/com/example/task/CreateTask.java

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import com.google.cloud.tasks.v2.AppEngineHttpRequest;
import com.google.cloud.tasks.v2.CloudTasksClient;
import com.google.cloud.tasks.v2.HttpMethod;
import com.google.cloud.tasks.v2.QueueName;
import com.google.cloud.tasks.v2.Task;
import com.google.protobuf.ByteString;
import com.google.protobuf.Timestamp;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.time.Clock;
import java.time.Instant;

public class CreateTask {
  public static void main(String... args) throws Exception {
    // Instantiates a client.
    try (CloudTasksClient client = CloudTasksClient.create()) {
      // Variables provided by system variables.
      String projectId = System.getenv("GOOGLE_CLOUD_PROJECT");
      String queueName = System.getenv("QUEUE_ID");
      String location = System.getenv("LOCATION_ID");
      // Optional variables.
      String payload = "hello";
      int seconds = 0; // Scheduled delay for the task in seconds

      // Construct the fully qualified queue name.
      String queuePath = QueueName.of(projectId, location, queueName).toString();

      // Construct the task body.
      Task.Builder taskBuilder =
          Task.newBuilder()
              .setAppEngineHttpRequest(
                  AppEngineHttpRequest.newBuilder()
                      .setBody(ByteString.copyFrom(payload, Charset.defaultCharset()))
                      .setRelativeUri("/tasks/create")
                      .setHttpMethod(HttpMethod.POST)
                      .build());

      // Add the scheduled time to the request.
      taskBuilder.setScheduleTime(
          Timestamp.newBuilder()
              .setSeconds(Instant.now(Clock.systemUTC()).plusSeconds(seconds).getEpochSecond()));

      // Send create task request.
      Task task = client.createTask(queuePath, taskBuilder.build());
      System.out.println("Task created: " + task.getName());
    }
  }
}

Notez le fichier pom.xml :

appengine-java11/tasks/pom.xml

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!--
Copyright 2019 Google LLC

 Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 You may obtain a copy of the License at

       http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 limitations under the License.
-->
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <packaging>war</packaging>
  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <groupId>com.example.appengine</groupId>
  <artifactId>appengine-tasks-j11</artifactId>

  <!--
    The parent pom defines common style checks and testing strategies for our samples.
    Removing or replacing it should not affect the execution of the samples in anyway.
  -->
  <parent>
    <groupId>com.google.cloud.samples</groupId>
    <artifactId>shared-configuration</artifactId>
    <version>1.2.0</version>
    <relativePath></relativePath>
  </parent>

  <properties>
    <maven.compiler.target>11</maven.compiler.target>
    <maven.compiler.source>11</maven.compiler.source>
  </properties>

  <!--  Using libraries-bom to manage versions.
  See https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/cloud-opensource-java/wiki/The-Google-Cloud-Platform-Libraries-BOM -->
  <dependencyManagement>
    <dependencies>
      <dependency>
        <groupId>com.google.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>libraries-bom</artifactId>
        <version>26.1.4</version>
        <type>pom</type>
        <scope>import</scope>
      </dependency>
    </dependencies>
  </dependencyManagement>

  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.google.cloud</groupId>
      <artifactId>google-cloud-tasks</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <!-- Test dependencies -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      <version>4.13.2</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.google.truth</groupId>
      <artifactId>truth</artifactId>
      <version>1.1.3</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>
  <build>
    <finalName>tasks</finalName>
    <plugins>
      <plugin>
        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
        <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>3.3.2</version>
        <configuration>
          <failOnMissingWebXml>false</failOnMissingWebXml>
        </configuration>
      </plugin>

      <plugin>
        <groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>
        <artifactId>exec-maven-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>3.1.0</version>
        <configuration>
          <mainClass>com.example.task.CreateTask</mainClass>
          <cleanupDaemonThreads>false</cleanupDaemonThreads>
        </configuration>
      </plugin>
    </plugins>
  </build>
</project>

PHP

appengine/standard/tasks/snippets/src/create_task.php

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use Google\Cloud\Tasks\V2\AppEngineHttpRequest;
use Google\Cloud\Tasks\V2\CloudTasksClient;
use Google\Cloud\Tasks\V2\HttpMethod;
use Google\Cloud\Tasks\V2\Task;

/** Uncomment and populate these variables in your code */
// $projectId = 'The Google project ID';
// $locationId = 'The Location ID';
// $queueId = 'The Cloud Tasks App Engine Queue ID';
// $payload = 'The payload your task should carry to the task handler. Optional';

// Instantiate the client and queue name.
$client = new CloudTasksClient();
$queueName = $client->queueName($projectId, $locationId, $queueId);

// Create an App Engine Http Request Object.
$httpRequest = new AppEngineHttpRequest();
// The path of the HTTP request to the App Engine service.
$httpRequest->setRelativeUri('/task_handler');
// POST is the default HTTP method, but any HTTP method can be used.
$httpRequest->setHttpMethod(HttpMethod::POST);
// Setting a body value is only compatible with HTTP POST and PUT requests.
if (isset($payload)) {
    $httpRequest->setBody($payload);
}

// Create a Cloud Task object.
$task = new Task();
$task->setAppEngineHttpRequest($httpRequest);

// Send request and print the task name.
$response = $client->createTask($queueName, $task);
printf('Created task %s' . PHP_EOL, $response->getName());

Notez le fichier composer.json :

appengine/standard/tasks/snippets/composer.json

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{
    "require": {
        "google/cloud-tasks": "^1.4.0"
    }
}

Go

appengine/go11x/tasks/create_task/create_task.go

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// Command create_task constructs and adds a task to an App Engine Queue.
package main

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"

	cloudtasks "cloud.google.com/go/cloudtasks/apiv2"
	taskspb "cloud.google.com/go/cloudtasks/apiv2/cloudtaskspb"
)

// createTask creates a new task in your App Engine queue.
func createTask(projectID, locationID, queueID, message string) (*taskspb.Task, error) {
	// Create a new Cloud Tasks client instance.
	// See https://godoc.org/cloud.google.com/go/cloudtasks/apiv2
	ctx := context.Background()
	client, err := cloudtasks.NewClient(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("NewClient: %v", err)
	}
	defer client.Close()

	// Build the Task queue path.
	queuePath := fmt.Sprintf("projects/%s/locations/%s/queues/%s", projectID, locationID, queueID)

	// Build the Task payload.
	// https://godoc.org/google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/cloud/tasks/v2#CreateTaskRequest
	req := &taskspb.CreateTaskRequest{
		Parent: queuePath,
		Task: &taskspb.Task{
			// https://godoc.org/google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/cloud/tasks/v2#AppEngineHttpRequest
			MessageType: &taskspb.Task_AppEngineHttpRequest{
				AppEngineHttpRequest: &taskspb.AppEngineHttpRequest{
					HttpMethod:  taskspb.HttpMethod_POST,
					RelativeUri: "/task_handler",
				},
			},
		},
	}

	// Add a payload message if one is present.
	req.Task.GetAppEngineHttpRequest().Body = []byte(message)

	createdTask, err := client.CreateTask(ctx, req)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("cloudtasks.CreateTask: %v", err)
	}

	return createdTask, nil
}

Node.js

cloud-tasks/snippets/createTask.js

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// Imports the Google Cloud Tasks library.
const {CloudTasksClient} = require('@google-cloud/tasks');

// Instantiates a client.
const client = new CloudTasksClient();

async function createTask() {
  // TODO(developer): Uncomment these lines and replace with your values.
  // const project = 'my-project-id';
  // const queue = 'my-appengine-queue';
  // const location = 'us-central1';
  // const payload = 'Hello, World!';

  // Construct the fully qualified queue name.
  const parent = client.queuePath(project, location, queue);

  const task = {
    appEngineHttpRequest: {
      headers: {
        'Content-Type': 'text/plain',
      },
      httpMethod: 'POST',
      relativeUri: '/log_payload',
    },
  };

  if (payload) {
    task.appEngineHttpRequest.body = Buffer.from(payload).toString('base64');
  }

  if (inSeconds) {
    // The time when the task is scheduled to be attempted.
    task.scheduleTime = {
      seconds: inSeconds + Date.now() / 1000,
    };
  }

  console.log('Sending task:');
  console.log(task);

  // Send create task request.
  const request = {parent: parent, task: task};
  const [response] = await client.createTask(request);
  const name = response.name;
  console.log(`Created task ${name}`);
}

createTask();

Notez le fichier package.json :

cloud-tasks/snippets/package.json

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{
  "name": "appengine-cloudtasks",
  "description": "Google App Engine Cloud Tasks example.",
  "license": "Apache-2.0",
  "author": "Google Inc.",
  "private": true,
  "engines": {
    "node": ">=12.0.0"
  },
  "files": [
    "*.js"
  ],
  "scripts": {
    "test": "mocha --timeout 30000",
    "start": "node server.js"
  },
  "dependencies": {
    "@google-cloud/tasks": "^3.0.4",
    "body-parser": "^1.18.3",
    "express": "^4.16.3"
  },
  "devDependencies": {
    "chai": "^4.2.0",
    "mocha": "^8.0.0",
    "uuid": "^9.0.0"
  }
}

Ruby

appengine/cloud-tasks/create_task.rb

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require "google/cloud/tasks"

# Create an App Engine Task
#
# @param [String] project_id Your Google Cloud Project ID.
# @param [String] location_id Your Google Cloud Project Location ID.
# @param [String] queue_id Your Google Cloud App Engine Queue ID.
# @param [String] payload The request body of your task.
# @param [Integer] seconds The delay, in seconds, to process your task.
def create_task project_id, location_id, queue_id, payload: nil, seconds: nil
  # Instantiates a client.
  client = Google::Cloud::Tasks.cloud_tasks

  # Construct the fully qualified queue name.
  parent = client.queue_path project: project_id, location: location_id, queue: queue_id

  # Construct task.
  task = {
    app_engine_http_request: {
      http_method:  "POST",
      relative_uri: "/log_payload"
    }
  }

  # Add payload to task body.
  if payload
    task[:app_engine_http_request][:body] = payload
  end

  # Add scheduled time to task.
  if seconds
    timestamp = Google::Protobuf::Timestamp.new
    timestamp.seconds = Time.now.to_i + seconds.to_i
    task[:schedule_time] = timestamp
  end

  # Send create task request.
  puts "Sending task #{task}"
  response = client.create_task parent: parent, task: task

  puts "Created task #{response.name}" if response.name
end

Étapes suivantes

Découvrez comment créer des gestionnaires de tâches App Engine.
Apprenez-en davantage sur les tâches dans la référence de l'API RPC.
Découvrez-en plus sur les tâches dans la documentation de référence de l'API REST.