Cloud SQL features

This page describes the major features and capabilities of Cloud SQL.

Cloud SQL for MySQL

Features

  • Fully managed MySQL Community Edition databases in the cloud.
  • Custom machine types with up to 624 GB of RAM and 96 CPUs.
  • Up to 64 TB of storage available, with the ability to automatically increase storage size as needed.
  • Create and manage instances in the Google Cloud console.
  • Instances available in the Americas, EU, Asia, and Australia. See all locations.
  • Supports migration from source databases to Cloud SQL destination databases using Database Migration Service (DMS).
  • Customer data encrypted on Google's internal networks and in database tables, temporary files, and backups.
  • Support for secure external connections with the Cloud SQL Auth proxy or with the SSL/TLS protocol.
  • Support for private IP (private services access).
  • Data replication between multiple zones with automatic failover.
  • Import and export databases using mysqldump, or import and export CSV files.
  • Support for MySQL wire protocol and standard MySQL connectors.
  • Automated and on-demand backups and point-in-time recovery.
  • Instance cloning.
  • Integration with Google Cloud's operations suite logging and monitoring.
  • ISO/IEC 27001 compliant.

Supported languages

You can use Cloud SQL for MySQL with App Engine applications running in the flexible environment that are written in C#, Go, Java, Node.js, PHP, Python, and Ruby. You can also use Cloud SQL with external applications using the standard MySQL protocol.

How you can connect to Cloud SQL instances

You can connect to a Cloud SQL instance for MySQL from:

Connecting to Cloud SQL by using Private Google access is not supported. Private services access is supported. For more information, see Private Access Options for Services.

User management in MySQL for Cloud SQL 8.0

Due to changes in MySQL 8.0, you can't use CREATE, or DELETE for MySQL users management. You also can't modify user privileges using INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE statements. Instead, use CREATE and DROP USER and GRANTand REVOKE statements to modify user privileges. For more information, see Account management notes.

Note: Disregard information under Account management notes about running mysql_upgrade to upgrade to version 8.0. Instead, upgrade using the procedure in Upgrading MySQL on an instance.

Differences between Cloud SQL and standard MySQL functionality

In general, the MySQL functionality provided by a Cloud SQL instance is the same as the functionality provided by a locally-hosted MySQL instance. However, there are a few differences between a standard MySQL instance and a Cloud SQL instance.

Unsupported MySQL features

The following feature is unsupported for MySQL for Cloud SQL 5.6 and 5.7:

  • The SUPER privilege

The following features are unsupported for MySQL for Cloud SQL 8.0:

Unsupported plugins

Unsupported statements

The following SQL statements generate an error with the message"Error 1290: The MySQL server is running with the Google option so it cannot execute this statement":

  • LOAD DATA INFILE

    Note that LOAD DATA LOCALINFILE is supported.

  • SELECT ... INTO OUTFILE

  • SELECT ... INTO DUMPFILE

  • INSTALL PLUGIN ...

  • UNINSTALL PLUGIN

  • CREATE FUNCTION ... SONAME ...

The following statements are not supported because MySQL instances use GTID replication:

  • CREATE TABLE ... SELECT statements
  • Transactions or statements that update both transactional and nontransactional tables

The following statement is unsupported in MySQL for MySQL for Cloud SQL 5.6 and 5.7, but is supported in MySQL for Cloud SQL 8.0.

  • CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE statements inside transactions

For more information, see the MySQL documentation.

Unsupported functions

  • LOAD_FILE()

Unsupported client program features

  • mysqlimport without using the --local option. This is because of the LOAD DATA INFILE restriction. If you need to load data remotely, use the Cloud SQL import function.

  • mysqldump using the --tab option or options that are used with --tab. This is because the FILE privilege is not granted for instance users. All other mysqldump options are supported.

  • If you want to import databases with binary data into your Cloud SQL for MySQL instance, you must use the --hex-blob option with mysqldump.

    Although hex-blob is not a required flag when you are using a local MySQL server instance and the mysql client, it is required if you want to import any databases with binary data into your Cloud SQL instance. For more information about importing data, see Importing Data.

  • Not all MySQL options and parameters are enabled for editing as Cloud SQL flags.

    To request the addition of a configurable Cloud SQL flag, use the Cloud SQL Discussion group.

  • InnoDB is the only supported storage engine. For help with converting tables from MyISAM to InnoDB, see the MySQL documentation.

MySQL options preset on Cloud SQL

Cloud SQL runs MySQL with a specific set of options. If an option might impact how your applications work, we note it here for your information.

skip-name-resolve

This flag impacts how hostnames are resolved for client connections. Learn more.

log_bin

This flag reports whether binary logging is enabled. If the --log-bin option is used, then the value of this variable is ON; otherwise it is OFF. Learn more.

MySQL 8.0 authentication

MySQL 8.0 for Cloud SQL uses mysql_native_password as the default authentication plugin for new users instead of caching_sha2_password. The mysql_native_password plugin is the default for MySQL 5.6 and 5.7 users.

If you want new users to use the caching_sha2_password plugin as the default authentication, you can configure your instance flag for default_authentication_plugin to use caching_sha2_password.

To configure existing users to use caching_sha2_password, use the ALTER USER command to change the authentication plugin.

Users that have the caching_sha2_password authentication might need to use the get-server-public-key flag when connecting. For details, see the MySQL docs section on Using SHA-2 Pluggable Authentication.

Changes to MySQL system flags in Cloud SQL

On some MySQL system flags, Cloud SQL uses values that are different from the default value. You can't change these system flags. For a list of flags, see MySQL system flags changed in Cloud SQL.

Unsupported Cloud SQL feature in MySQL 8.0 for Cloud SQL

MySQL 8.0 for Cloud SQL does not support the legacy version of MySQL high availability (HA) configuration that uses failover replicas. It supports the new regional HA configuration.

Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL

Features

  • Fully managed PostgreSQL databases in the cloud.
  • Custom machine types with up to 624 GB of RAM and 96 CPUs.
  • Up to 64 TB of storage available, with the ability to automatically increase storage size as needed.
  • Create and manage instances in the Google Cloud console.
  • Instances available in the Americas, EU, Asia, and Australia. See all locations.
  • Supports migration from source databases to Cloud SQL destination databases using Database Migration Service (DMS).
  • Customer data encrypted on Google's internal networks and in database tables, temporary files, and backups.
  • Support for secure external connections with the Cloud SQL Auth proxy or with the SSL/TLS protocol.
  • Data replication between multiple zones with automatic failover.
  • Import and export databases using SQL dump files.
  • Support for PostgreSQL client-server protocol and standard PostgreSQL connectors.
  • Automated and on-demand backups and point-in-time recovery.
  • Instance cloning.
  • Integration with Google Cloud's operations suite logging and monitoring.
  • Support for multiple PostgreSQL versions.
  • Logical replication

Supported extensions

Cloud SQL supports many PostgreSQL extensions. For a complete list, see PostgreSQL Extensions.

Supported procedural languages

Cloud SQL supports the PL/pgSQL SQL procedural language.

Supported languages

You can use Cloud SQL for PostgreSQL with App Engine applications running in the flexible environment that are written in C#, Go, Java, Node.js, PHP, Python, and Ruby. You can also use Cloud SQL with external applications using the standard PostgreSQL client-server protocol.

How you can connect to Cloud SQL instances

You can connect to a Cloud SQL instance for PostgreSQL from:

Connecting to Cloud SQL by using Private Google access is not supported.

Differences between Cloud SQL and standard PostgreSQL functionality

In general, the PostgreSQL functionality provided by a Cloud SQL instance is the same as the functionality provided by a locally-hosted PostgreSQL instance. However, there are a few differences between a standard PostgreSQL instance and a Cloud SQL instance.

Unsupported features

  • Any features that require SUPERUSER privileges

    An exception to this rule is made for the CREATE EXTENSION statement, but only for supported extensions.

  • Custom background workers

  • The psql client in Cloud Shell does not support operations that require a reconnection, such as connecting to a different database using the \c command.

  • Low-Level Virtual Machine (LLVM) Just-in-Time (JIT) compilation.

Notable differences

Cloud SQL for SQL Server

Features

  • Fully managed SQL Server databases in the cloud.
  • Custom machine types with up to 624 GB of RAM and 96 CPUs.
  • Up to 64 TB of storage available, with the ability to automatically increase storage size as needed.
  • Create and manage instances in the Google Cloud console.
  • Instances available in the Americas, EU, Asia or Australia. See all locations.
  • Customer data encrypted on Google's internal networks and in database tables, temporary files, and backups.
  • Column- and cell-level encryption for user databases.
  • Support for secure external connections with the Cloud SQL Auth proxy or with the SSL/TLS protocol.
  • Import databases using BAK and SQL files.
  • Export databases using BAK files.
  • Automated and on-demand backups.
  • Instance cloning.
  • Integration with Stackdriver logging and monitoring.
  • SQL Server Agent enabled to facilitate replication and other jobs.
  • Data replication between multiple regions.
  • Set a default collation for databases, when creating an instance.
  • High availability through regional persistent disk.
  • Integration with Managed Service for Microsoft Active Directory, including Windows Authentication.
  • Change Data Capture (CDC).
  • Intelligent query processing.
  • Accelerated database recovery.
  • Enhanced data classification.
  • UTF-8 character encoding support.
  • Enhanced monitoring.

SQL Server features unavailable for Cloud SQL

The following features are unavailable in Cloud SQL and not supported by Google Cloud support.

General features unavailable for Cloud SQL

  • SQL Server Reporting Services (SSRS), but you can use Compute Engine or a self-managed environment (from which you connect to Cloud SQL)
  • SQL Server Analysis Services (SSAS), but you can use Compute Engine or a self-managed environment (from which you connect to Cloud SQL)
  • SQL Server Integration Services (SSIS), but you can use Compute Engine or a self-managed environment (from which you connect to Cloud SQL)
  • SP_Configure settings (but see Configuring database flags)
  • Stretch database
  • Backing up to Microsoft Azure Blob Storage
  • Buffer pool extension
  • BULK INSERT and OPENROWSET(BULK...) features
  • The OPENROWSET feature
  • Data Quality Services
  • Database Log Shipping
  • Database Mail
  • Distribution Transaction Coordinator (MSDTC)
  • File tables
  • FILESTREAM support
  • Maintenance Plans
  • Performance Data Collector
  • Policy-Based Management
  • PolyBase
  • Machine Learning and R Services (requires OS access to install it)
  • Resource Governor
  • SQL Server Audit
  • Server-level triggers
  • Service Broker endpoints
  • T-SQL endpoints (all operations using CREATE ENDPOINT are unavailable)
  • WCF Data Services
  • The sysadmin role and system stored procedures that require it
  • Linked Servers
  • Hybrid buffer pool
  • Memory-optimized tempdb metadata
  • In-Memory OLTP support for database snapshots
  • Registering external languages

Other operations unavailable for Cloud SQL

  • ADMINISTER BULK OPERATIONS
  • ALTER ANY CREDENTIAL
  • ALTER ANY EVENT NOTIFICATION
  • ALTER ANY EVENT SESSION
  • ALTER ANY SERVER AUDIT
  • ALTER RESOURCES
  • ALTER SETTINGS
  • AUTHENTICATE SERVER
  • CONTROL_SERVER
  • CREATE DDL EVENT NOTIFICATION
  • CREATE ENDPOINT
  • CREATE TRACE EVENT NOTIFICATION
  • EXTERNAL ACCESS ASSEMBLY
  • RESTORE
  • SHUTDOWN
  • CLR ASSEMBLIES

Supported syntax

Cloud SQL supports the Transact-SQL syntax.

Supported languages

You can use Cloud SQL for SQL Server with App Engine applications running in the flexible environment that are written in C#, Go, Java, Node.js, PHP, Python, and Ruby.

How you can connect to Cloud SQL instances

You can connect to a Cloud SQL instance for SQL Server from:

Connecting to Cloud SQL by using Private Google access is not supported.