Cuando el usuario final activa una acción HTML, reCAPTCHA Enterprise envía una respuesta encriptada, llamada token de respuesta del usuario (token), al navegador del usuario final. Para cualquier tipo de integración de clave de sitio (casilla de verificación o puntuación), debes crear una evaluación mediante el envío del token generado al extremo de evaluación. reCAPTCHA Enterprise procesa el token enviado y, además, informa la validez y la puntuación del token.
En esta página, se explica cómo recuperar el token y crear una evaluación.
Antes de comenzar
Elige el mejor método para configurar reCAPTCHA Enterprise en tu entorno y completa la configuración.
Recupera el token de respuesta del usuario
Recupera el token de respuesta del usuario de las páginas web de una de las siguientes maneras:
- El valor resuelto de la promesa mostrada por la llamada a
grecaptcha.enterprise.execute(). g-recaptcha-responseparámetro POST cuando el usuario envía el formulario en tu sitio.- Como argumento de string para tu función de devolución de llamada si
data-callbackse especifica en el atributo de etiqueta HTMLg-recaptcha, o el parámetro de devolución de llamada en el métodogrecaptcha.enterprise.render.
Si quieres recuperar el token de respuesta del usuario de las aplicaciones para dispositivos móviles, consulta Cómo integrar reCAPTCHA Enterprise con las apps para iOS o Cómo integrar reCAPTCHA Enterprise con las apps para Android.
Puedes acceder al token de respuesta de reCAPTCHA de cada usuario solo una vez.
Si necesitas evaluar una acción posterior que un usuario realiza en tu sitio, o si vence un token antes de crear una evaluación, debes volver a llamar a execute() para generar un token nuevo.
Crea una evaluación
Para crear una evaluación, envía una solicitud a la API de reCAPTCHA Enterprise o usa las bibliotecas cliente de reCAPTCHA Enterprise. Te recomendamos que elijas un método para crear una evaluación en función del lugar en el que configuraste reCAPTCHA Enterprise.
Elige cómo crear una evaluación
Los métodos que puedes usar para crear una evaluación dependen de tu entorno:
| Entorno | Métodos para crear una evaluación |
|---|---|
| Google Cloud App Engine o GKE | Bibliotecas cliente de reCAPTCHA Enterprise |
| Google Cloud Compute Engine | Cualquiera de las siguientes opciones:
|
| Nubes o locales de terceros que admiten cuentas de servicio | Cualquiera de las siguientes opciones:
|
| Nubes locales o de terceros que no admiten cuentas de servicio | API de REST de reCAPTCHA Enterprise, con claves de API para la autenticación |
| Entorno migrado con funciones adicionales de reCAPTCHA Enterprise, como la autenticación de varios factores (MFA) | Cualquiera de las siguientes opciones:
|
Crea una evaluación mediante la API de REST o las bibliotecas cliente
Después de seleccionar el método apropiado para crear una evaluación, realiza los siguientes pasos a fin de crearla. La forma en que creas una evaluación es la misma para las claves del sitio basadas en la puntuación y con casillas de verificación.
API de REST
Envía una solicitud a la API de reCAPTCHA Enterprise para crear una evaluación.
Puedes usar la herramienta de gcloud o la clave de API para la autenticación.
Autentica con la herramienta de gcloud
Crea una evaluación mediante el método projects.assessments.create. Envía esta solicitud al extremo de la API de v1.
Antes de usar cualquiera de los datos de solicitud a continuación, realiza los siguientes reemplazos:
- PROJECT_ID: El ID del proyecto de Google Cloud.
- TOKEN: Token que se muestra a partir de la llamada
grecaptcha.enterprise.execute() - KEY: Es la clave de reCAPTCHA asociada con el sitio o app. Para obtener más información, consulta Claves de reCAPTCHA.
- USER_ACTION (solo para integraciones de claves de sitio basadas en puntuaciones): la acción iniciada por el usuario que especificaste para
actionen la llamada agrecaptcha.enterprise.execute(), comologinPara obtener más información, consulta Acciones.
Método HTTP y URL:
POST https://recaptchaenterprise.googleapis.com/v1/projects/PROJECT_ID/assessments
Cuerpo JSON de la solicitud:
{
"event": {
"token": "TOKEN",
"siteKey": "KEY",
"expectedAction": "USER_ACTION"
}
}
Para enviar tu solicitud, elige una de estas opciones:
curl
Guarda el cuerpo de la solicitud en un archivo llamado request.json y ejecuta el siguiente comando:
curl -X POST \
-H "Authorization: Bearer "$(gcloud auth application-default print-access-token) \
-H "Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8" \
-d @request.json \
"https://recaptchaenterprise.googleapis.com/v1/projects/PROJECT_ID/assessments"
PowerShell
Guarda el cuerpo de la solicitud en un archivo llamado request.json y ejecuta el siguiente comando:
$cred = gcloud auth application-default print-access-token
$headers = @{ "Authorization" = "Bearer $cred" }
Invoke-WebRequest `
-Method POST `
-Headers $headers `
-ContentType: "application/json; charset=utf-8" `
-InFile request.json `
-Uri "https://recaptchaenterprise.googleapis.com/v1/projects/PROJECT_ID/assessments" | Select-Object -Expand Content
Deberías recibir una respuesta JSON similar a la que se muestra a continuación:
{
"tokenProperties": {
"valid": true,
"hostname": "www.google.com",
"action": "homepage",
"createTime": "2019-03-28T12:24:17.894Z"
},
"riskAnalysis": {
"score": 0.1,
"reasons": ["AUTOMATION"]
},
"event": {
"token": "TOKEN",
"siteKey": "KEY",
"expectedAction": "USER_ACTION"
},
"name": "projects/PROJECT_ID/assessments/b6ac310000000000"
}
Autentica con una clave de API
Crea una evaluación mediante el método projects.assessments.create. Envía esta solicitud al extremo de la API de v1beta1.
Antes de usar cualquiera de los datos de solicitud a continuación, realiza los siguientes reemplazos:
- API_KEY: La clave de API asociada con el proyecto actual
- PROJECT_ID: El ID del proyecto de Google Cloud.
- TOKEN: Token que se muestra a partir de la llamada
grecaptcha.enterprise.execute() - KEY: Es la clave de reCAPTCHA asociada con el sitio o app. Para obtener más información, consulta Claves de reCAPTCHA.
- USER_ACTION (solo para integraciones de claves de sitio basadas en puntuaciones): la acción iniciada por el usuario que especificaste para
actionen la llamada agrecaptcha.enterprise.execute(), comologinPara obtener más información, consulta Acciones.
Método HTTP y URL:
POST https://recaptchaenterprise.googleapis.com/v1beta1/projects/PROJECT_ID/assessments?key=API_KEY
Cuerpo JSON de la solicitud:
{
"event": {
"token": "TOKEN",
"siteKey": "KEY",
"expectedAction": "USER_ACTION"
}
}For more information, see reCAPTCHA keys.
Para enviar tu solicitud, elige una de estas opciones:
curl
Guarda el cuerpo de la solicitud en un archivo llamado request.json y ejecuta el siguiente comando:
curl -X POST \
-H "Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8" \
-d @request.json \
"https://recaptchaenterprise.googleapis.com/v1beta1/projects/PROJECT_ID/assessments?key=API_KEY"
PowerShell
Guarda el cuerpo de la solicitud en un archivo llamado request.json y ejecuta el siguiente comando:
$headers = @{ }
Invoke-WebRequest `
-Method POST `
-Headers $headers `
-ContentType: "application/json; charset=utf-8" `
-InFile request.json `
-Uri "https://recaptchaenterprise.googleapis.com/v1beta1/projects/PROJECT_ID/assessments?key=API_KEY" | Select-Object -Expand ContentDeberías recibir una respuesta JSON similar a la que se muestra a continuación:
{
"tokenProperties": {
"valid": true,
"hostname": "www.google.com",
"action": "homepage",
"createTime": "2019-03-28T12:24:17.894Z"
},
"score": 0.1,
"reasons": ["AUTOMATION"],
"event": {
"token": "TOKEN",
"siteKey": "KEY",
"expectedAction": "USER_ACTION"
},
"name": "projects/PROJECT_ID//assessments/b6ac310000000000"
}
C#
using System;
using Google.Api.Gax.ResourceNames;
using Google.Cloud.RecaptchaEnterprise.V1;
public class CreateAssessmentSample
{
// Create an assessment to analyze the risk of an UI action.
// projectID: GCloud Project ID.
// recaptchaSiteKey: Site key obtained by registering a domain/app to use recaptcha.
// token: The token obtained from the client on passing the recaptchaSiteKey.
// recaptchaAction: Action name corresponding to the token.
public void createAssessment(string projectID = "project-id", string recaptchaSiteKey = "recaptcha-site-key",
string token = "action-token", string recaptchaAction = "action-name")
{
// Create the client.
RecaptchaEnterpriseServiceClient client = RecaptchaEnterpriseServiceClient.Create();
ProjectName projectName = new ProjectName(projectID);
// Build the assessment request.
CreateAssessmentRequest createAssessmentRequest = new CreateAssessmentRequest()
{
Assessment = new Assessment()
{
// Set the properties of the event to be tracked.
Event = new Event()
{
SiteKey = recaptchaSiteKey,
Token = token,
ExpectedAction = recaptchaAction
},
},
ParentAsProjectName = projectName
};
Assessment response = client.CreateAssessment(createAssessmentRequest);
// Check if the token is valid.
if (response.TokenProperties.Valid == false)
{
System.Console.WriteLine("The CreateAssessment call failed because the token was: " +
response.TokenProperties.InvalidReason.ToString());
return;
}
// Check if the expected action was executed.
if (response.TokenProperties.Action != recaptchaAction)
{
System.Console.WriteLine("The action attribute in reCAPTCHA tag is: " +
response.TokenProperties.Action.ToString());
System.Console.WriteLine("The action attribute in the reCAPTCHA tag does not " +
"match the action you are expecting to score");
return;
}
// Get the risk score and the reason(s).
// For more information on interpreting the assessment,
// see: https://cloud.google.com/recaptcha-enterprise/docs/interpret-assessment
System.Console.WriteLine("The reCAPTCHA score is: " + ((decimal)response.RiskAnalysis.Score));
foreach (RiskAnalysis.Types.ClassificationReason reason in response.RiskAnalysis.Reasons)
{
System.Console.WriteLine(reason.ToString());
}
}
public static void Main(string[] args)
{
new CreateAssessmentSample().createAssessment();
}
}
Go
import (
"context"
"fmt"
recaptcha "cloud.google.com/go/recaptchaenterprise/apiv1"
recaptchapb "google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/cloud/recaptchaenterprise/v1"
)
func main() {
// TODO(developer): Replace these variables before running the sample.
projectID := "project-id"
recaptchaSiteKey := "recaptcha-site-key"
token := "action-token"
recaptchaAction := "action-name"
createAssessment(projectID, recaptchaSiteKey, token, recaptchaAction)
}
/**
* Create an assessment to analyze the risk of an UI action.
*
* @param projectID: GCloud Project ID
* @param recaptchaSiteKey: Site key obtained by registering a domain/app to use recaptcha services.
* @param token: The token obtained from the client on passing the recaptchaSiteKey.
* @param recaptchaAction: Action name corresponding to the token.
*/
func createAssessment(projectID string, recaptchaSiteKey string, token string, recaptchaAction string) {
// Create the recaptcha client.
ctx := context.Background()
client, err := recaptcha.NewClient(ctx)
if err != nil {
fmt.Printf("Error creating reCAPTCHA client\n")
}
defer client.Close()
// Set the properties of the event to be tracked.
event := &recaptchapb.Event{
Token: token,
SiteKey: recaptchaSiteKey,
}
assessment := &recaptchapb.Assessment{
Event: event,
}
// Build the assessment request.
request := &recaptchapb.CreateAssessmentRequest{
Assessment: assessment,
Parent: fmt.Sprintf("projects/%s", projectID),
}
response, err := client.CreateAssessment(
ctx,
request)
if err != nil {
fmt.Printf("%v", err.Error())
}
// Check if the token is valid.
if response.TokenProperties.Valid == false {
fmt.Printf("The CreateAssessment() call failed because the token"+
" was invalid for the following reasons: %v",
response.TokenProperties.InvalidReason)
return
}
// Check if the expected action was executed.
if response.TokenProperties.Action == recaptchaAction {
// Get the risk score and the reason(s).
// For more information on interpreting the assessment,
// see: https://cloud.google.com/recaptcha-enterprise/docs/interpret-assessment
fmt.Printf("The reCAPTCHA score for this token is: %v",
response.RiskAnalysis.Score)
for _,reason := range response.RiskAnalysis.Reasons {
fmt.Printf(reason.String()+"\n")
}
return
}
fmt.Printf("The action attribute in your reCAPTCHA tag does " +
"not match the action you are expecting to score")
}
Java
import com.google.cloud.recaptchaenterprise.v1.RecaptchaEnterpriseServiceClient;
import com.google.recaptchaenterprise.v1.Assessment;
import com.google.recaptchaenterprise.v1.CreateAssessmentRequest;
import com.google.recaptchaenterprise.v1.Event;
import com.google.recaptchaenterprise.v1.ProjectName;
import com.google.recaptchaenterprise.v1.RiskAnalysis.ClassificationReason;
import java.io.IOException;
public class CreateAssessment {
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
// TODO(developer): Replace these variables before running the sample.
String projectID = "project-id";
String recaptchaSiteKey = "recaptcha-site-key";
String token = "action-token";
String recaptchaAction = "action-name";
createAssessment(projectID, recaptchaSiteKey, token, recaptchaAction);
}
/**
* Create an assessment to analyze the risk of an UI action.
*
* @param projectID: GCloud Project ID
* @param recaptchaSiteKey: Site key obtained by registering a domain/app to use recaptcha services.
* @param token: The token obtained from the client on passing the recaptchaSiteKey.
* @param recaptchaAction: Action name corresponding to the token.
*/
public static void createAssessment(String projectID, String recaptchaSiteKey, String token,
String recaptchaAction)
throws IOException {
// Initialize a client that will be used to send requests. This client needs to be created only
// once, and can be reused for multiple requests. After completing all of your requests, call
// the `client.close()` method on the client to safely
// clean up any remaining background resources.
try (RecaptchaEnterpriseServiceClient client = RecaptchaEnterpriseServiceClient.create()) {
// Set the properties of the event to be tracked.
Event event = Event.newBuilder()
.setSiteKey(recaptchaSiteKey)
.setToken(token)
.build();
// Build the assessment request.
CreateAssessmentRequest createAssessmentRequest = CreateAssessmentRequest.newBuilder()
.setParent(ProjectName.of(projectID).toString())
.setAssessment(Assessment.newBuilder().setEvent(event).build())
.build();
Assessment response = client.createAssessment(createAssessmentRequest);
// Check if the token is valid.
if (!response.getTokenProperties().getValid()) {
System.out.println("The CreateAssessment call failed because the token was: " +
response.getTokenProperties().getInvalidReason().name());
return;
}
// Check if the expected action was executed.
// (If the key is checkbox type and 'action' attribute wasn't set, skip this check.)
if (!response.getTokenProperties().getAction().equals(recaptchaAction)) {
System.out.println("The action attribute in your reCAPTCHA tag " +
"does not match the action you are expecting to score");
return;
}
// Get the risk score and the reason(s).
// For more information on interpreting the assessment,
// see: https://cloud.google.com/recaptcha-enterprise/docs/interpret-assessment
float recaptchaScore = response.getRiskAnalysis().getScore();
System.out.println("The reCAPTCHA score is: " + recaptchaScore);
for (ClassificationReason reason : response.getRiskAnalysis().getReasonsList()) {
System.out.println(reason);
}
}
}
}
Node.js
const {RecaptchaEnterpriseServiceClient} =
require('@google-cloud/recaptcha-enterprise');
/**
* Create an assessment to analyze the risk of an UI action. Note that
* this example does set error boundaries and returns `null` for
* exceptions.
*
* projectID: GCloud Project ID
* recaptchaSiteKey: Site key obtained by registering a domain/app to use recaptcha services.
* token: The token obtained from the client on passing the recaptchaSiteKey.
* recaptchaAction: Action name corresponding to the token.
*/
async function createAssessment({
projectID = "your-project-id",
recaptchaSiteKey = "your-recaptcha-site-key",
token = "action-token",
recaptchaAction = "action-name",
}) {
// Create the reCAPTCHA client & set the project path. There are multiple
// ways to authenticate your client. For more information see:
// https://cloud.google.com/docs/authentication
const client = new RecaptchaEnterpriseServiceClient();
const projectPath = client.projectPath(projectID);
// Build the assessment request.
const request = ({
assessment: {
event: {
token: token,
siteKey: recaptchaSiteKey,
},
},
parent: projectPath,
});
// client.createAssessment() can return a Promise or take a Callback
const [ response ] = await client.createAssessment(request);
// Check if the token is valid.
if (!response.tokenProperties.valid) {
console.log("The CreateAssessment call failed because the token was: " +
response.tokenProperties.invalidReason);
return null;
}
// Check if the expected action was executed.
// The `action` property is set by user client in the
// grecaptcha.enterprise.execute() method.
if (response.tokenProperties.action === recaptchaAction) {
// Get the risk score and the reason(s).
// For more information on interpreting the assessment,
// see: https://cloud.google.com/recaptcha-enterprise/docs/interpret-assessment
console.log("The reCAPTCHA score is: " +
response.riskAnalysis.score);
response.riskAnalysis.reasons.forEach((reason) => {
console.log(reason);
});
return response.riskAnalysis.score;
} else {
console.log("The action attribute in your reCAPTCHA tag " +
"does not match the action you are expecting to score");
return null;
}
}
PHP
<?php
// Include Google Cloud dependencies using Composer
require 'vendor/autoload.php';
use Google\Cloud\RecaptchaEnterprise\V1\RecaptchaEnterpriseServiceClient;
use Google\Cloud\RecaptchaEnterprise\V1\Event;
use Google\Cloud\RecaptchaEnterprise\V1\Assessment;
use Google\Cloud\RecaptchaEnterprise\V1\TokenProperties\InvalidReason;
/**
* Create an assessment to analyze the risk of a UI action.
* @param string $siteKey The key ID for the reCAPTCHA key (See https://cloud.google.com/recaptcha-enterprise/docs/create-key)
* @param string $token The user's response token for which you want to receive a reCAPTCHA score. (See https://cloud.google.com/recaptcha-enterprise/docs/create-assessment#retrieve_token)
* @param string $project Your Google Cloud project ID
*/
function create_assessment(
string $siteKey,
string $token,
string $project
): void {
$client = new RecaptchaEnterpriseServiceClient();
$projectName = $client->projectName($project);
$event = (new Event())
->setSiteKey($siteKey)
->setToken($token);
$assessment = (new Assessment())
->setEvent($event);
try {
$response = $client->createAssessment(
$projectName,
$assessment
);
// You can use the score only if the assessment is valid,
// In case of failures like re-submitting the same token, getValid() will return false
if ($response->getTokenProperties()->getValid() == false) {
printf('The CreateAssessment() call failed because the token was invalid for the following reason: ');
printf(InvalidReason::name($response->getTokenProperties()->getInvalidReason()));
} else {
printf('The score for the protection action is:');
printf($response->getRiskAnalysis()->getScore());
// Optional: You can use the following methods to get more data about the token
// Action name provided at token generation.
// printf($response->getTokenProperties()->getAction() . PHP_EOL);
// The timestamp corresponding to the generation of the token.
// printf($response->getTokenProperties()->getCreateTime()->getSeconds() . PHP_EOL);
// The hostname of the page on which the token was generated.
// printf($response->getTokenProperties()->getHostname() . PHP_EOL);
}
} catch (exception $e) {
printf('CreateAssessment() call failed with the following error: ');
printf($e);
}
}
// TODO(Developer): Replace the following before running the sample
create_assessment(
'YOUR_RECAPTCHA_SITE_KEY',
'YOUR_USER_RESPONSE_TOKEN',
'YOUR_GOOGLE_CLOUD_PROJECT_ID'
);
Python
from google.cloud import recaptchaenterprise_v1
def create_assessment():
""" Create an assessment to analyze the risk of a UI action.
Args:
projectID: GCloud Project ID
recaptchaSiteKey: Site key obtained by registering a domain/app to use recaptcha services.
token: The token obtained from the client on passing the recaptchaSiteKey.
recaptchaAction: Action name corresponding to the token.
"""
# TODO(developer): Replace these variables before running the sample.
project_id = "your_project_id"
recaptcha_site_key = "your_site_key"
token = "action_token"
recaptcha_action = "action_name"
client = recaptchaenterprise_v1.RecaptchaEnterpriseServiceClient()
# Set the properties of the event to be tracked.
event = recaptchaenterprise_v1.Event()
event.site_key = recaptcha_site_key
event.token = token
assessment = recaptchaenterprise_v1.Assessment()
assessment.event = event
project_name = f'projects/{project_id}'
# Build the assessment request.
request = recaptchaenterprise_v1.CreateAssessmentRequest()
request.assessment = assessment
request.parent = project_name
response = client.create_assessment(request)
# Check if the token is valid.
if not response.token_properties.valid:
print("The CreateAssessment call failed because the token was " +
"invalid for for the following reasons: "
+ str(response.token_properties.invalid_reason))
else:
# Check if the expected action was executed.
if response.token_properties.action == recaptcha_action:
# Get the risk score and the reason(s)
# For more information on interpreting the assessment,
# see: https://cloud.google.com/recaptcha-enterprise/docs/interpret-assessment
print("The reCAPTCHA score for this token is: " +
str(response.risk_analysis.score))
for reason in response.risk_analysis.reasons:
print(reason)
else:
print("The action attribute in your reCAPTCHA tag does " +
"not match the action you are expecting to score")
Ruby
require "google/cloud/recaptcha_enterprise/v1"
siteKey = "your_site_key"
token = "user_response_token"
parent_project = "projects/your_project_name"
recaptcha_action = "name_of_action_to_protect"
client = ::Google::Cloud::RecaptchaEnterprise::V1::RecaptchaEnterpriseService::Client.new
event = ::Google::Cloud::RecaptchaEnterprise::V1::Event.new
event.site_key = siteKey
event.token = token
event.expected_action = recaptcha_action
assessment = ::Google::Cloud::RecaptchaEnterprise::V1::Assessment.new
assessment.event = event
request = ::Google::Cloud::RecaptchaEnterprise::V1::CreateAssessmentRequest.new
request.parent = parent_project
request.assessment = assessment
response = client.create_assessment(request)
if response.token_properties.valid == false
printf("The CreateAssessment() call failed because the token was invalid with the following reason: %s ", response.token_properties.invalid_reason)
else
if response.event.expected_action == recaptcha_action
printf("The reCAPTCHA score for this token is: %s" + response.risk+analysis.score)
else
printf("The action attribute in your reCAPTCHA tag does not match the action you are expecting to score")
end
end
¿Qué sigue?
- Interpreta una evaluación y toma las medidas correspondientes para tu sitio en función de la puntuación.