Class DataFrame (0.21.0)

Version 0.21.0

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DataFrame(
    data=None,
    index: vendored_pandas_typing.Axes | None = None,
    columns: vendored_pandas_typing.Axes | None = None,
    dtype: typing.Optional[
        bigframes.dtypes.DtypeString | bigframes.dtypes.Dtype
    ] = None,
    copy: typing.Optional[bool] = None,
    *,
    session: typing.Optional[bigframes.session.Session] = None
)

Two-dimensional, size-mutable, potentially heterogeneous tabular data.

Data structure also contains labeled axes (rows and columns). Arithmetic operations align on both row and column labels. Can be thought of as a dict-like container for Series objects. The primary pandas data structure.

Properties

at

Access a single value for a row/column label pair.

axes

Return a list representing the axes of the DataFrame.

It has the row axis labels and column axis labels as the only members. They are returned in that order.

Examples:

>>> import bigframes.pandas as bpd
>>> bpd.options.display.progress_bar = None

>>> df = bpd.DataFrame({'col1': [1, 2], 'col2': [3, 4]})
>>> df.axes[1:]
[Index(['col1', 'col2'], dtype='object')]

columns

The column labels of the DataFrame.

Examples:

>>> import bigframes.pandas as bpd
>>> bpd.options.display.progress_bar = None

You can access the column labels of a DataFrame via columns property.

>>> df = bpd.DataFrame({'Name': ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Aritra'],
...                     'Age': [25, 30, 35],
...                     'Location': ['Seattle', 'New York', 'Kona']},
...                    index=([10, 20, 30]))
>>> df
      Name  Age  Location
10   Alice   25   Seattle
20     Bob   30  New York
30  Aritra   35      Kona
<BLANKLINE>
[3 rows x 3 columns]
>>> df.columns
Index(['Name', 'Age', 'Location'], dtype='object')

You can also set new labels for columns.

>>> df.columns = ["NewName", "NewAge", "NewLocation"]
>>> df
   NewName  NewAge NewLocation
10   Alice      25     Seattle
20     Bob      30    New York
30  Aritra      35        Kona
<BLANKLINE>
[3 rows x 3 columns]
>>> df.columns
Index(['NewName', 'NewAge', 'NewLocation'], dtype='object')

dtypes

Return the dtypes in the DataFrame.

This returns a Series with the data type of each column. The result's index is the original DataFrame's columns. Columns with mixed types aren't supported yet in BigQuery DataFrames.

empty

Indicates whether Series/DataFrame is empty.

True if Series/DataFrame is entirely empty (no items), meaning any of the axes are of length 0.

Note: If Series/DataFrame contains only NA values, it is still not considered empty.

Returns
Type	Description
bool	If Series/DataFrame is empty, return True, if not return False.

iat

Access a single value for a row/column pair by integer position.

iloc

Purely integer-location based indexing for selection by position.

index

The index (row labels) of the DataFrame.

The index of a DataFrame is a series of labels that identify each row. The labels can be integers, strings, or any other hashable type. The index is used for label-based access and alignment, and can be accessed or modified using this attribute.

Examples:

>>> import bigframes.pandas as bpd
>>> bpd.options.display.progress_bar = None

You can access the index of a DataFrame via index property.

>>> df = bpd.DataFrame({'Name': ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Aritra'],
...                     'Age': [25, 30, 35],
...                     'Location': ['Seattle', 'New York', 'Kona']},
...                    index=([10, 20, 30]))
>>> df
      Name  Age  Location
10   Alice   25   Seattle
20     Bob   30  New York
30  Aritra   35      Kona
<BLANKLINE>
[3 rows x 3 columns]
>>> df.index # doctest: +ELLIPSIS
Index([10, 20, 30], dtype='Int64')
>>> df.index.values
array([10, 20, 30], dtype=object)

Let's try setting a new index for the dataframe and see that reflect via

index property.

>>> df1 = df.set_index(["Name", "Location"])
>>> df1
                 Age
Name   Location
Alice  Seattle    25
Bob    New York   30
Aritra Kona       35
<BLANKLINE>
[3 rows x 1 columns]
>>> df1.index # doctest: +ELLIPSIS
MultiIndex([( 'Alice',  'Seattle'),
    (   'Bob', 'New York'),
    ('Aritra',     'Kona')],
   name='Name')
>>> df1.index.values
array([('Alice', 'Seattle'), ('Bob', 'New York'), ('Aritra', 'Kona')],
    dtype=object)

Returns
Type	Description
Index	The index object of the DataFrame.

loc

Access a group of rows and columns by label(s) or a boolean array.

.loc[] is primarily label based, but may also be used with a boolean array.

Allowed inputs are:

• A single label, e.g. 5 or 'a', (note that 5 is interpreted as a label of the index, and never as an integer position along the index).
• A list of labels, e.g. ['a', 'b', 'c'].
• A boolean series of the same length as the axis being sliced, e.g. [True, False, True].
• An alignable Index. The index of the returned selection will be the input.
• Not supported yet An alignable boolean Series. The index of the key will be aligned before masking.
• Not supported yet A slice object with labels, e.g. 'a':'f'. Note: contrary to usual python slices, both the start and the stop are included.
• Not supported yet A callable function with one argument (the calling Series or DataFrame) that returns valid output for indexing (one of the above).

Exceptions
Type	Description
NotImplementError	if the inputs are not supported.

ndim

Return an int representing the number of axes / array dimensions.

Returns
Type	Description
int	Return 1 if Series. Otherwise return 2 if DataFrame.

query_job

BigQuery job metadata for the most recent query.

shape

Return a tuple representing the dimensionality of the DataFrame.

Examples:

>>> import bigframes.pandas as bpd
>>> bpd.options.display.progress_bar = None

>>> df = bpd.DataFrame({'col1': [1, 2, 3],
...                     'col2': [4, 5, 6]})
>>> df.shape
(3, 2)

size

Return an int representing the number of elements in this object.

Examples:

>>> import bigframes.pandas as bpd
>>> bpd.options.display.progress_bar = None

>>> s = bpd.Series({'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3})
>>> s.size
3

>>> df = bpd.DataFrame({'col1': [1, 2], 'col2': [3, 4]})
>>> df.size
4

Returns
Type	Description
int	Return the number of rows if Series. Otherwise return the number of rows times number of columns if DataFrame.

sql

Compiles this DataFrame's expression tree to SQL.

values

Return the values of DataFrame in the form of a NumPy array.

Examples:

>>> import bigframes.pandas as bpd
>>> bpd.options.display.progress_bar = None

>>> df = bpd.DataFrame({'col1': [1, 2], 'col2': [3, 4]})
>>> df.values
array([[1, 3],
       [2, 4]], dtype=object)

Methods

__array_ufunc__

__array_ufunc__(
    ufunc: numpy.ufunc, method: str, *inputs, **kwargs
) -> bigframes.dataframe.DataFrame

Used to support numpy ufuncs. See: https://numpy.org/doc/stable/reference/ufuncs.html

__getitem__

__getitem__(
    key: typing.Union[
        typing.Hashable,
        typing.Sequence[typing.Hashable],
        pandas.core.indexes.base.Index,
        bigframes.series.Series,
    ]
)

Gets the specified column(s) from the DataFrame.

__repr__

__repr__() -> str

Converts a DataFrame to a string. Calls to_pandas.

Only represents the first <xref uid="bigframes.options">bigframes.options</xref>.display.max_rows.

__setitem__

__setitem__(
    key: str, value: typing.Union[bigframes.series.Series, int, float, typing.Callable]
)

Modify or insert a column into the DataFrame.

Note: This does not modify the original table the DataFrame was derived from.

abs

abs() -> bigframes.dataframe.DataFrame

Return a Series/DataFrame with absolute numeric value of each element.

This function only applies to elements that are all numeric.

add

add(
    other: float | int | bigframes.series.Series | bigframes.dataframe.DataFrame,
    axis: str | int = "columns",
) -> bigframes.dataframe.DataFrame

Get addition of DataFrame and other, element-wise (binary operator +).

Equivalent to dataframe + other. With reverse version, radd.

Among flexible wrappers (add, sub, mul, div, mod, pow) to arithmetic operators: +, -, *, /, //, %, **.

Note: Mismatched indices will be unioned together.

Examples:

>>> import bigframes.pandas as bpd
>>> bpd.options.display.progress_bar = None

>>> df = bpd.DataFrame({
...     'A': [1, 2, 3],
...     'B': [4, 5, 6],
...     })

You can use method name:

>>> df['A'].add(df['B'])
0    5
1    7
2    9
dtype: Int64

You can also use arithmetic operator +:

>>> df['A'] + (df['B'])
0    5
1    7
2    9
dtype: Int64

Parameters
Name	Description
other	float, int, or Series Any single or multiple element data structure, or list-like object.
axis	{0 or 'index', 1 or 'columns'} Whether to compare by the index (0 or 'index') or columns. (1 or 'columns'). For Series input, axis to match Series index on.

Returns
Type	Description
DataFrame	DataFrame result of the arithmetic operation.

add_prefix

add_prefix(
    prefix: str, axis: int | str | None = None
) -> bigframes.dataframe.DataFrame

Prefix labels with string prefix.

For Series, the row labels are prefixed. For DataFrame, the column labels are prefixed.

Parameters
Name	Description
prefix	str The string to add before each label.
axis	int or str or None, default None {{0 or 'index', 1 or 'columns', None}}, default None. Axis to add prefix on.

add_suffix

add_suffix(
    suffix: str, axis: int | str | None = None
) -> bigframes.dataframe.DataFrame

Suffix labels with string suffix.

For Series, the row labels are suffixed. For DataFrame, the column labels are suffixed.

agg

agg(
    func: typing.Union[str, typing.Sequence[str]]
) -> bigframes.dataframe.DataFrame | bigframes.series.Series

Aggregate using one or more operations over columns.

Examples:

>>> import bigframes.pandas as bpd
>>> bpd.options.display.progress_bar = None

>>> df = bpd.DataFrame({"A": [3, 1, 2], "B": [1, 2, 3]})
>>> df
    A       B
0   3       1
1   1       2
2   2       3
<BLANKLINE>
[3 rows x 2 columns]

Using a single function:

>>> df.agg('sum')
A    6.0
B    6.0
dtype: Float64

Using a list of functions:

>>> df.agg(['sum', 'mean'])
          A   B
sum     6.0 6.0
mean        2.0     2.0
<BLANKLINE>
[2 rows x 2 columns]

Parameter
Name	Description
func	function Function to use for aggregating the data. Accepted combinations are: string function name, list of function names, e.g. ['sum', 'mean'].

Returns
Type	Description
DataFrame or bigframes.series.Series	Aggregated results.

aggregate

aggregate(
    func: typing.Union[str, typing.Sequence[str]]
) -> bigframes.dataframe.DataFrame | bigframes.series.Series

API documentation for aggregate method.

align

align(
    other: typing.Union[bigframes.dataframe.DataFrame, bigframes.series.Series],
    join: str = "outer",
    axis: typing.Optional[typing.Union[str, int]] = None,
) -> typing.Tuple[
    typing.Union[bigframes.dataframe.DataFrame, bigframes.series.Series],
    typing.Union[bigframes.dataframe.DataFrame, bigframes.series.Series],
]

Align two objects on their axes with the specified join method.

Join method is specified for each axis Index.

Parameters
Name	Description
join	{{'outer', 'inner', 'left', 'right'}}, default 'outer' Type of alignment to be performed. left: use only keys from left frame, preserve key order. right: use only keys from right frame, preserve key order. outer: use union of keys from both frames, sort keys lexicographically. inner: use intersection of keys from both frames, preserve the order of the left keys.
axis	allowed axis of the other object, default None Align on index (0), columns (1), or both (None).

Returns
Type	Description
tuple of (DataFrame, type of other)	Aligned objects.

all

all(
    axis: typing.Union[str, int] = 0, *, bool_only: bool = False
) -> bigframes.series.Series

Return whether all elements are True, potentially over an axis.

Returns True unless there at least one element within a Series or along a DataFrame axis that is False or equivalent (e.g. zero or empty).

Examples:

>>> import bigframes.pandas as bpd
>>> bpd.options.display.progress_bar = None

>>> df = bpd.DataFrame({"A": [True, True], "B": [False, False]})
>>> df
        A        B
0    True    False
1    True    False
<BLANKLINE>
[2 rows x 2 columns]

Checking if all values in each column are True(the default behavior without an explicit axis parameter):

>>> df.all()
A     True
B    False
dtype: boolean

Checking across rows to see if all values are True:

>>> df.all(axis=1)
0    False
1    False
dtype: boolean

Parameters
Name	Description
axis	{index (0), columns (1)} Axis for the function to be applied on. For Series this parameter is unused and defaults to 0.
bool_only	bool. default False Include only boolean columns.

Returns
Type	Description
bigframes.series.Series	Series indicating if all elements are True per column.

any

any(
    *, axis: typing.Union[str, int] = 0, bool_only: bool = False
) -> bigframes.series.Series

Return whether any element is True, potentially over an axis.

Returns False unless there is at least one element within a series or along a Dataframe axis that is True or equivalent (e.g. non-zero or non-empty).

Examples:

>>> import bigframes.pandas as bpd
>>> bpd.options.display.progress_bar = None

>>> df = bpd.DataFrame({"A": [True, True], "B": [False, False]})
>>> df
        A        B
0    True    False
1    True    False
<BLANKLINE>
[2 rows x 2 columns]

Checking if each column contains at least one True element(the default behavior without an explicit axis parameter):

>>> df.any()
A     True
B    False
dtype: boolean

Checking if each row contains at least one True element:

>>> df.any(axis=1)
0    True
1    True
dtype: boolean

Parameters
Name	Description
axis	{index (0), columns (1)} Axis for the function to be applied on. For Series this parameter is unused and defaults to 0.
bool_only	bool. default False Include only boolean columns.

Returns
Type	Description
bigframes.series.Series	Series indicating if any element is True per column.

apply

apply(func, *, args: typing.Tuple = (), **kwargs)

Apply a function along an axis of the DataFrame.

Objects passed to the function are Series objects whose index is the DataFrame's index (axis=0) the final return type is inferred from the return type of the applied function.

Examples:

>>> import bigframes.pandas as bpd
>>> bpd.options.display.progress_bar = None

>>> df = bpd.DataFrame({'col1': [1, 2], 'col2': [3, 4]})
>>> df
   col1  col2
0     1     3
1     2     4
<BLANKLINE>
[2 rows x 2 columns]

>>> def square(x):
...     return x * x

>>> df.apply(square)
   col1  col2
0     1     9
1     4    16
<BLANKLINE>
[2 rows x 2 columns]

Parameters
Name	Description
args	tuple Positional arguments to pass to func in addition to the array/series.
func	function Function to apply to each column or row.

Returns
Type	Description
pandas.Series or bigframes.DataFrame	Result of applying func along the given axis of the DataFrame.

applymap

applymap(
    func, na_action: typing.Optional[str] = None
) -> bigframes.dataframe.DataFrame

Apply a function to a Dataframe elementwise.

This method applies a function that accepts and returns a scalar to every element of a DataFrame.

Note: In pandas 2.1.0, DataFrame.applymap is deprecated and renamed to DataFrame.map.

Examples:

>>> import bigframes.pandas as bpd
>>> bpd.options.display.progress_bar = None

Let's use reuse=False flag to make sure a new remote_function is created every time we run the following code, but you can skip it to potentially reuse a previously deployed remote_function from the same user defined function.

>>> @bpd.remote_function([int], float, reuse=False)
... def minutes_to_hours(x):
...     return x/60

>>> df_minutes = bpd.DataFrame(
...     {"system_minutes" : [0, 30, 60, 90, 120],
...      "user_minutes" : [0, 15, 75, 90, 6]})
>>> df_minutes
system_minutes  user_minutes
0               0             0
1              30            15
2              60            75
3              90            90
4             120             6
<BLANKLINE>
[5 rows x 2 columns]

>>> df_hours = df_minutes.map(minutes_to_hours)
>>> df_hours
system_minutes  user_minutes
0             0.0           0.0
1             0.5          0.25
2             1.0          1.25
3             1.5           1.5
4             2.0           0.1
<BLANKLINE>
[5 rows x 2 columns]

If there are NA/None values in the data, you can ignore applying the remote function on such values by specifying na_action='ignore'.

>>> df_minutes = bpd.DataFrame(
...     {
...         "system_minutes" : [0, 30, 60, None, 90, 120, bpd.NA],
...         "user_minutes" : [0, 15, 75, 90, 6, None, bpd.NA]
...     }, dtype="Int64")
>>> df_hours = df_minutes.map(minutes_to_hours, na_action='ignore')
>>> df_hours
system_minutes  user_minutes
0             0.0           0.0
1             0.5          0.25
2             1.0          1.25
3            <NA>           1.5
4             1.5           0.1
5             2.0          <NA>
6            <NA>          <NA>
<BLANKLINE>
[7 rows x 2 columns]

Parameters
Name	Description
func	function Python function wrapped by remote_function decorator, returns a single value from a single value.
na_action	Optional[str], default None {None, 'ignore'}, default None. If ignore, propagate NaN values, without passing them to func.

Returns
Type	Description
bigframes.dataframe.DataFrame	Transformed DataFrame.

assign

assign(**kwargs) -> bigframes.dataframe.DataFrame

Assign new columns to a DataFrame.

Returns a new object with all original columns in addition to new ones. Existing columns that are re-assigned will be overwritten.

Note: Assigning multiple columns within the same assign is possible. Later items in '**kwargs' may refer to newly created or modified columns in 'df'; items are computed and assigned into 'df' in order.

Returns
Type	Description
bigframes.dataframe.DataFrame	A new DataFrame with the new columns in addition to all the existing columns.

astype

astype(
    dtype: typing.Union[
        typing.Literal[
            "boolean",
            "Float64",
            "Int64",
            "string",
            "string[pyarrow]",
            "timestamp[us, tz=UTC][pyarrow]",
            "timestamp[us][pyarrow]",
            "date32[day][pyarrow]",
            "time64[us][pyarrow]",
            "decimal128(38, 9)[pyarrow]",
            "decimal256(38, 9)[pyarrow]",
            "binary[pyarrow]",
        ],
        pandas.core.arrays.boolean.BooleanDtype,
        pandas.core.arrays.floating.Float64Dtype,
        pandas.core.arrays.integer.Int64Dtype,
        pandas.core.arrays.string_.StringDtype,
        pandas.core.dtypes.dtypes.ArrowDtype,
        geopandas.array.GeometryDtype,
    ]
) -> bigframes.dataframe.DataFrame

Cast a pandas object to a specified dtype dtype.

Examples:

>>> import bigframes.pandas as bpd
>>> bpd.options.display.progress_bar = None

Create a DataFrame:

>>> d = {'col1': [1, 2], 'col2': [3, 4]}
>>> df = bpd.DataFrame(data=d)
>>> df.dtypes
col1    Int64
col2    Int64
dtype: object

Cast all columns to Float64:

>>> df.astype('Float64').dtypes
col1    Float64
col2    Float64
dtype: object

Create a series of type Int64:

>>> ser = bpd.Series([1, 2], dtype='Int64')
>>> ser
0    1
1    2
dtype: Int64

Convert to Float64 type:

>>> ser.astype('Float64')
0    1.0
1    2.0
dtype: Float64

Parameter
Name	Description
dtype	str or pandas.ExtensionDtype A dtype supported by BigQuery DataFrame include 'boolean','Float64','Int64', 'string', 'string[pyarrow]','timestamp[us, tz=UTC][pyarrow]', 'timestampus][pyarrow]','date32day][pyarrow]','time64us][pyarrow]' A pandas.ExtensionDtype include pandas.BooleanDtype(), pandas.Float64Dtype(), pandas.Int64Dtype(), pandas.StringDtype(storage="pyarrow"), pd.ArrowDtype(pa.date32()), pd.ArrowDtype(pa.time64("us")), pd.ArrowDtype(pa.timestamp("us")), pd.ArrowDtype(pa.timestamp("us", tz="UTC")).

bfill

bfill(*, limit: typing.Optional[int] = None) -> bigframes.dataframe.DataFrame

Fill NA/NaN values by using the next valid observation to fill the gap.

Returns
Type	Description
Series/DataFrame or None	Object with missing values filled.

combine

combine(
    other: bigframes.dataframe.DataFrame,
    func: typing.Callable[
        [bigframes.series.Series, bigframes.series.Series], bigframes.series.Series
    ],
    fill_value=None,
    overwrite: bool = True,
    *,
    how: str = "outer"
) -> bigframes.dataframe.DataFrame

Perform column-wise combine with another DataFrame.

Combines a DataFrame with other DataFrame using func to element-wise combine columns. The row and column indexes of the resulting DataFrame will be the union of the two.

Examples:

>>> import bigframes.pandas as bpd
>>> bpd.options.display.progress_bar = None

>>> df1 = bpd.DataFrame({'A': [0, 0], 'B': [4, 4]})
>>> df2 = bpd.DataFrame({'A': [1, 1], 'B': [3, 3]})
>>> take_smaller = lambda s1, s2: s1 if s1.sum() < s2.sum() else s2
>>> df1.combine(df2, take_smaller)
   A  B
0  0  3
1  0  3
<BLANKLINE>
[2 rows x 2 columns]

Parameters
Name	Description
other	DataFrame The DataFrame to merge column-wise.
func	function Function that takes two series as inputs and return a Series or a scalar. Used to merge the two dataframes column by columns.
fill_value	scalar value, default None The value to fill NaNs with prior to passing any column to the merge func.
overwrite	bool, default True If True, columns in self that do not exist in other will be overwritten with NaNs.

Returns
Type	Description
DataFrame	Combination of the provided DataFrames.

combine_first

combine_first(other: bigframes.dataframe.DataFrame)

Update null elements with value in the same location in other.

Combine two DataFrame objects by filling null values in one DataFrame with non-null values from other DataFrame. The row and column indexes of the resulting DataFrame will be the union of the two. The resulting dataframe contains the 'first' dataframe values and overrides the second one values where both first.loc[index, col] and second.loc[index, col] are not missing values, upon calling first.combine_first(second).

Examples:

>>> import bigframes.pandas as bpd
>>> bpd.options.display.progress_bar = None

>>> df1 = bpd.DataFrame({'A': [None, 0], 'B': [None, 4]})
>>> df2 = bpd.DataFrame({'A': [1, 1], 'B': [3, 3]})
>>> df1.combine_first(df2)
     A    B
0  1.0  3.0
1  0.0  4.0
<BLANKLINE>
[2 rows x 2 columns]

Parameter
Name	Description
other	DataFrame Provided DataFrame to use to fill null values.

Returns
Type	Description
DataFrame	The result of combining the provided DataFrame with the other object.

copy

copy() -> bigframes.dataframe.DataFrame

Make a copy of this object's indices and data.

A new object will be created with a copy of the calling object's data and indices. Modifications to the data or indices of the copy will not be reflected in the original object.

Examples:

>>> import bigframes.pandas as bpd
>>> bpd.options.display.progress_bar = None

Modification in the original Series will not affect the copy Series:

>>> s = bpd.Series([1, 2], index=["a", "b"])
>>> s
a    1
b    2
dtype: Int64

>>> s_copy = s.copy()
>>> s_copy
a    1
b    2
dtype: Int64

>>> s.loc['b'] = 22
>>> s
a     1
b    22
dtype: Int64
>>> s_copy
a    1
b    2
dtype: Int64

Modification in the original DataFrame will not affect the copy DataFrame:

>>> df = bpd.DataFrame({'a': [1, 3], 'b': [2, 4]})
>>> df
   a  b
0  1  2
1  3  4
<BLANKLINE>
[2 rows x 2 columns]

>>> df_copy = df.copy()
>>> df_copy
   a  b
0  1  2
1  3  4
<BLANKLINE>
[2 rows x 2 columns]

>>> df.loc[df["b"] == 2, "b"] = 22
>>> df
   a     b
0  1  22.0
1  3   4.0
<BLANKLINE>
[2 rows x 2 columns]
>>> df_copy
   a  b
0  1  2
1  3  4
<BLANKLINE>
[2 rows x 2 columns]

count

count(*, numeric_only: bool = False) -> bigframes.series.Series

Count non-NA cells for each column.

The values None, NaN, NaT, and optionally numpy.inf (depending on pandas.options.mode.use_inf_as_na) are considered NA.

Examples:

>>> import bigframes.pandas as bpd
>>> bpd.options.display.progress_bar = None

>>> df = bpd.DataFrame({"A": [1, None, 3, 4, 5],
...                     "B": [1, 2, 3, 4, 5],
...                     "C": [None, 3.5, None, 4.5, 5.0]})
>>> df
       A    B          C
0    1.0    1       <NA>
1   <NA>    2        3.5
2    3.0    3       <NA>
3    4.0    4        4.5
4    5.0    5        5.0
<BLANKLINE>
[5 rows x 3 columns]

Counting non-NA values for each column:

>>> df.count()
A    4.0
B    5.0
C    3.0
dtype: Float64

Parameter
Name	Description
numeric_only	bool, default False Include only float, int or boolean data.

Returns
Type	Description
bigframes.series.Series	For each column/row the number of non-NA/null entries. If level is specified returns a DataFrame.

cummax

cummax() -> bigframes.dataframe.DataFrame

Return cumulative maximum over columns.

Returns a DataFrame of the same size containing the cumulative maximum.

Examples:

>>> import bigframes.pandas as bpd
>>> bpd.options.display.progress_bar = None

>>> df = bpd.DataFrame({"A": [3, 1, 2], "B": [1, 2, 3]})
>>> df
    A       B
0   3       1
1   1       2
2   2       3
<BLANKLINE>
[3 rows x 2 columns]

>>> df.cummax()
    A       B
0   3       1
1   3       2
2   3       3
<BLANKLINE>
[3 rows x 2 columns]

Returns
Type	Description
bigframes.dataframe.DataFrame	Return cumulative maximum of DataFrame.

cummin

cummin() -> bigframes.dataframe.DataFrame

Return cumulative minimum over columns.

Returns a DataFrame of the same size containing the cumulative minimum.

Examples:

>>> import bigframes.pandas as bpd
>>> bpd.options.display.progress_bar = None

>>> df = bpd.DataFrame({"A": [3, 1, 2], "B": [1, 2, 3]})
>>> df
    A       B
0   3       1
1   1       2
2   2       3
<BLANKLINE>
[3 rows x 2 columns]

>>> df.cummin()
    A       B
0   3       1
1   1       1
2   1       1
<BLANKLINE>
[3 rows x 2 columns]

Returns
Type	Description
bigframes.dataframe.DataFrame	Return cumulative minimum of DataFrame.

cumprod

cumprod() -> bigframes.dataframe.DataFrame

Return cumulative product over columns.

Returns a DataFrame of the same size containing the cumulative product.

Examples:

>>> import bigframes.pandas as bpd
>>> bpd.options.display.progress_bar = None

>>> df = bpd.DataFrame({"A": [3, 1, 2], "B": [1, 2, 3]})
>>> df
    A       B
0   3       1
1   1       2
2   2       3
<BLANKLINE>
[3 rows x 2 columns]

>>> df.cumprod()
    A       B
0   3       1
1   3       2
2   6       6
<BLANKLINE>
[3 rows x 2 columns]

Returns
Type	Description
bigframes.dataframe.DataFrame	Return cumulative product of DataFrame.

cumsum

cumsum()

Return cumulative sum over columns.

Returns a DataFrame of the same size containing the cumulative sum.

Examples:

>>> import bigframes.pandas as bpd
>>> bpd.options.display.progress_bar = None

>>> df = bpd.DataFrame({"A": [3, 1, 2], "B": [1, 2, 3]})
>>> df
    A       B
0   3       1
1   1       2
2   2       3
<BLANKLINE>
[3 rows x 2 columns]

>>> df.cumsum()
    A       B
0   3       1
1   4       3
2   6       6
<BLANKLINE>
[3 rows x 2 columns]

Returns
Type	Description
bigframes.dataframe.DataFrame	Return cumulative sum of DataFrame.

describe

describe() -> bigframes.dataframe.DataFrame

Generate descriptive statistics.

Descriptive statistics include those that summarize the central tendency, dispersion and shape of a dataset's distribution, excluding NaN values.

Only supports numeric columns.

Note: Percentile values are approximates only.

Note: For numeric data, the result's index will include count, mean, std, min, max as well as lower, 50 and upper percentiles. By default the lower percentile is 25 and the upper percentile is 75. The 50 percentile is the same as the median.

Examples:

>>> import bigframes.pandas as bpd
>>> bpd.options.display.progress_bar = None

>>> df = bpd.DataFrame({"A": [3, 1, 2], "B": [0, 2, 8]})
>>> df
    A       B
0   3       0
1   1       2
2   2       8
<BLANKLINE>
[3 rows x 2 columns]

>>> df.describe()
              A               B
count       3.0             3.0
mean        2.0        3.333333
std         1.0        4.163332
min         1.0             0.0
25%         1.0             0.0
50%         2.0             2.0
75%         3.0             8.0
max         3.0             8.0
<BLANKLINE>
[8 rows x 2 columns]

Returns
Type	Description
bigframes.dataframe.DataFrame	Summary statistics of the Series or Dataframe provided.

diff

diff(periods: int = 1) -> bigframes.dataframe.DataFrame

First discrete difference of element.

Calculates the difference of a DataFrame element compared with another element in the DataFrame (default is element in previous row).

Examples:

>>> import bigframes.pandas as bpd
>>> bpd.options.display.progress_bar = None

>>> df = bpd.DataFrame({"A": [3, 1, 2], "B": [1, 2, 3]})
>>> df
    A       B
0   3       1
1   1       2
2   2       3
<BLANKLINE>
[3 rows x 2 columns]

Calculating difference with default periods=1:

>>> df.diff()
       A       B
0   <NA>    <NA>
1     -2       1
2      1       1
<BLANKLINE>
[3 rows x 2 columns]

Calculating difference with periods=-1:

>>> df.diff(periods=-1)
       A       B
0      2      -1
1     -1      -1
2   <NA>    <NA>
<BLANKLINE>
[3 rows x 2 columns]

Parameter
Name	Description
periods	int, default 1 Periods to shift for calculating difference, accepts negative values.

Returns
Type	Description
bigframes.dataframe.DataFrame	First differences of the Series.

div

div(
    other: float | int | bigframes.series.Series | bigframes.dataframe.DataFrame,
    axis: str | int = "columns",
) -> bigframes.dataframe.DataFrame

API documentation for div method.

divide

divide(
    other: float | int | bigframes.series.Series | bigframes.dataframe.DataFrame,
    axis: str | int = "columns",
) -> bigframes.dataframe.DataFrame

API documentation for divide method.

dot

dot(other: _DataFrameOrSeries) -> _DataFrameOrSeries

Compute the matrix multiplication between the DataFrame and other.

This method computes the matrix product between the DataFrame and the values of an other Series or DataFrame.

It can also be called using self @ other.

Note: The dimensions of DataFrame and other must be compatible in order to compute the matrix multiplication. In addition, the column names of DataFrame and the index of other must contain the same values, as they will be aligned prior to the multiplication.

The dot method for Series computes the inner product, instead of the matrix product here.

Examples:

>>> import bigframes.pandas as bpd
>>> bpd.options.display.progress_bar = None

>>> left = bpd.DataFrame([[0, 1, -2, -1], [1, 1, 1, 1]])
>>> left
   0  1   2   3
0  0  1  -2  -1
1  1  1   1   1
<BLANKLINE>
[2 rows x 4 columns]
>>> right = bpd.DataFrame([[0, 1], [1, 2], [-1, -1], [2, 0]])
>>> right
    0   1
0   0   1
1   1   2
2  -1  -1
3   2   0
<BLANKLINE>
[4 rows x 2 columns]
>>> left.dot(right)
   0  1
0  1  4
1  2  2
<BLANKLINE>
[2 rows x 2 columns]

You can also use the operator @ for the dot product:

>>> left @ right
   0  1
0  1  4
1  2  2
<BLANKLINE>
[2 rows x 2 columns]

The right input can be a Series, in which case the result will also be a Series:

>>> right = bpd.Series([1, 2, -1,0])
>>> left @ right
0    4
1    2
dtype: Int64

Any user defined index of the left matrix and columns of the right matrix will reflect in the result.

>>> left = bpd.DataFrame([[1, 2, 3], [2, 5, 7]], index=["alpha", "beta"])
>>> left
       0  1  2
alpha  1  2  3
beta   2  5  7
<BLANKLINE>
[2 rows x 3 columns]
>>> right = bpd.DataFrame([[2, 4, 8], [1, 5, 10], [3, 6, 9]], columns=["red", "green", "blue"])
>>> right
   red  green  blue
0    2      4     8
1    1      5    10
2    3      6     9
<BLANKLINE>
[3 rows x 3 columns]
>>> left.dot(right)
       red  green  blue
alpha   13     32    55
beta    30     75   129
<BLANKLINE>
[2 rows x 3 columns]

Parameter
Name	Description
other	Series or DataFrame The other object to compute the matrix product with.

Returns
Type	Description
Series or DataFrame	If other is a Series, return the matrix product between self and other as a Series. If other is a DataFrame, return the matrix product of self and other in a DataFrame.

drop

drop(
    labels: typing.Any = None,
    *,
    axis: typing.Union[int, str] = 0,
    index: typing.Any = None,
    columns: typing.Union[typing.Hashable, typing.Sequence[typing.Hashable]] = None,
    level: typing.Optional[typing.Hashable] = None
) -> bigframes.dataframe.DataFrame

Drop specified labels from columns.

Remove columns by directly specifying column names.

Examples:

>>> import bigframes.pandas as bpd
>>> bpd.options.display.progress_bar = None

>>> df = bpd.DataFrame(np.arange(12).reshape(3, 4),
...                    columns=['A', 'B', 'C', 'D'])
>>> df
   A  B   C   D
0  0  1   2   3
1  4  5   6   7
2  8  9  10  11
<BLANKLINE>
[3 rows x 4 columns]

Drop columns:

>>> df.drop(['B', 'C'], axis=1)
   A   D
0  0   3
1  4   7
2  8  11
<BLANKLINE>
[3 rows x 2 columns]

>>> df.drop(columns=['B', 'C'])
   A   D
0  0   3
1  4   7
2  8  11
<BLANKLINE>
[3 rows x 2 columns]

Drop a row by index:

>>> df.drop([0, 1])
   A  B   C   D
2  8  9  10  11
<BLANKLINE>
[1 rows x 4 columns]

Drop columns and/or rows of MultiIndex DataFrame:

>>> import pandas as pd
>>> midx = pd.MultiIndex(levels=[['llama', 'cow', 'falcon'],
...                              ['speed', 'weight', 'length']],
...                      codes=[[0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2],
...                             [0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 2]])
>>> df = bpd.DataFrame(index=midx, columns=['big', 'small'],
...                    data=[[45, 30], [200, 100], [1.5, 1], [30, 20],
...                          [250, 150], [1.5, 0.8], [320, 250],
...                          [1, 0.8], [0.3, 0.2]])
>>> df
                 big  small
llama  speed    45.0   30.0
       weight  200.0  100.0
       length    1.5    1.0
cow    speed    30.0   20.0
       weight  250.0  150.0
       length    1.5    0.8
falcon speed   320.0  250.0
       weight    1.0    0.8
       length    0.3    0.2
<BLANKLINE>
[9 rows x 2 columns]

Drop a specific index and column combination from the MultiIndex DataFrame, i.e., drop the index 'cow' and column 'small':

>>> df.drop(index='cow', columns='small')
                 big
llama  speed    45.0
       weight  200.0
       length    1.5
falcon speed   320.0
       weight    1.0
       length    0.3
<BLANKLINE>
[6 rows x 1 columns]

>>> df.drop(index='length', level=1)
                 big  small
llama  speed    45.0   30.0
       weight  200.0  100.0
cow    speed    30.0   20.0
       weight  250.0  150.0
falcon speed   320.0  250.0
       weight    1.0    0.8
<BLANKLINE>
[6 rows x 2 columns]

Exceptions
Type	Description
KeyError	If any of the labels is not found in the selected axis.

Returns
Type	Description
bigframes.dataframe.DataFrame	DataFrame without the removed column labels.

drop_duplicates

drop_duplicates(
    subset: typing.Union[typing.Hashable, typing.Sequence[typing.Hashable]] = None,
    *,
    keep: str = "first"
) -> bigframes.dataframe.DataFrame

Return DataFrame with duplicate rows removed.

Considering certain columns is optional. Indexes, including time indexes are ignored.

Parameters
Name	Description
subset	column label or sequence of labels, optional Only consider certain columns for identifying duplicates, by default use all of the columns.
keep	{'first', 'last', False}, default 'first' Determines which duplicates (if any) to keep. - 'first' : Drop duplicates except for the first occurrence. - 'last' : Drop duplicates except for the last occurrence. - False : Drop all duplicates.

Returns
Type	Description
bigframes.dataframe.DataFrame	DataFrame with duplicates removed

droplevel

droplevel(
    level: typing.Union[typing.Hashable, typing.Sequence[typing.Hashable]],
    axis: int | str = 0,
)

Return DataFrame with requested index / column level(s) removed.

Parameters
Name	Description
level	int, str, or list-like If a string is given, must be the name of a level If list-like, elements must be names or positional indexes of levels.
axis	{0 or 'index', 1 or 'columns'}, default 0 Axis along which the level(s) is removed: * 0 or 'index': remove level(s) in column. * 1 or 'columns': remove level(s) in row.

Returns
Type	Description
DataFrame	DataFrame with requested index / column level(s) removed.

dropna

dropna(
    *, axis: int | str = 0, inplace: bool = False, how: str = "any", ignore_index=False
) -> bigframes.dataframe.DataFrame

Remove missing values.

Examples:

>>> import bigframes.pandas as bpd
>>> bpd.options.display.progress_bar = None

>>> df = bpd.DataFrame({"name": ['Alfred', 'Batman', 'Catwoman'],
...                     "toy": [np.nan, 'Batmobile', 'Bullwhip'],
...                     "born": [bpd.NA, "1940-04-25", bpd.NA]})
>>> df
       name        toy        born
0    Alfred       <NA>        <NA>
1    Batman  Batmobile  1940-04-25
2  Catwoman   Bullwhip        <NA>
<BLANKLINE>
[3 rows x 3 columns]

Drop the rows where at least one element is missing:

>>> df.dropna()
     name        toy        born
1  Batman  Batmobile  1940-04-25
<BLANKLINE>
[1 rows x 3 columns]

Drop the columns where at least one element is missing.

>>> df.dropna(axis='columns')
       name
0    Alfred
1    Batman
2  Catwoman
<BLANKLINE>
[3 rows x 1 columns]

Drop the rows where all elements are missing:

>>> df.dropna(how='all')
       name        toy        born
0    Alfred       <NA>        <NA>
1    Batman  Batmobile  1940-04-25
2  Catwoman   Bullwhip        <NA>
<BLANKLINE>
[3 rows x 3 columns]

Parameters
Name	Description
axis	{0 or 'index', 1 or 'columns'}, default 'columns' Determine if rows or columns which contain missing values are removed. * 0, or 'index' : Drop rows which contain missing values. * 1, or 'columns' : Drop columns which contain missing value.
how	{'any', 'all'}, default 'any' Determine if row or column is removed from DataFrame, when we have at least one NA or all NA. * 'any' : If any NA values are present, drop that row or column. * 'all' : If all values are NA, drop that row or column.
ignore_index	bool, default False If True, the resulting axis will be labeled 0, 1, …, n - 1.

Returns
Type	Description
bigframes.dataframe.DataFrame	DataFrame with NA entries dropped from it.

duplicated

duplicated(subset=None, keep: str = "first") -> bigframes.series.Series

Return boolean Series denoting duplicate rows.

Considering certain columns is optional.

Parameters
Name	Description
subset	column label or sequence of labels, optional Only consider certain columns for identifying duplicates, by default use all of the columns.
keep	{'first', 'last', False}, default 'first' Determines which duplicates (if any) to mark. - first : Mark duplicates as True except for the first occurrence. - last : Mark duplicates as True except for the last occurrence. - False : Mark all duplicates as True.

Returns
Type	Description
bigframes.series.Series	Boolean series for each duplicated rows.

eq

eq(other: typing.Any, axis: str | int = "columns") -> bigframes.dataframe.DataFrame

Get equal to of DataFrame and other, element-wise (binary operator eq).

Among flexible wrappers (eq, ne, le, lt, ge, gt) to comparison operators.

Equivalent to ==, !=, <=, <, >=, > with support to choose axis (rows or columns) and level for comparison.

Examples:

>>> import bigframes.pandas as bpd
>>> bpd.options.display.progress_bar = None

You can use method name:

>>> df = bpd.DataFrame({'angles': [0, 3, 4],
...        'degrees': [360, 180, 360]},
...       index=['circle', 'triangle', 'rectangle'])
>>> df["degrees"].eq(360)
circle        True
triangle     False
rectangle     True
Name: degrees, dtype: boolean

You can also use arithmetic operator ==:

df["degrees"] == 360 circle True triangle False rectangle True Name: degrees, dtype: boolean

Parameters
Name	Description
other	scalar, sequence, Series, or DataFrame Any single or multiple element data structure, or list-like object.
axis	{0 or 'index', 1 or 'columns'}, default 'columns' Whether to compare by the index (0 or 'index') or columns (1 or 'columns').

Returns
Type	Description
DataFrame	Result of the comparison.

equals

equals(
    other: typing.Union[bigframes.series.Series, bigframes.dataframe.DataFrame]
) -> bool

Test whether two objects contain the same elements.

This function allows two Series or DataFrames to be compared against each other to see if they have the same shape and elements. NaNs in the same location are considered equal.

The row/column index do not need to have the same type, as long as the values are considered equal. Corresponding columns must be of the same dtype.

Parameter
Name	Description
other	Series or DataFrame The other Series or DataFrame to be compared with the first.

Returns
Type	Description
bool	True if all elements are the same in both objects, False otherwise.

expanding

expanding(min_periods: int = 1) -> bigframes.core.window.Window

Provide expanding window calculations.

Parameter
Name	Description
min_periods	int, default 1 Minimum number of observations in window required to have a value; otherwise, result is np.nan.

Returns
Type	Description
bigframes.core.window.Window	Expanding subclass.

ffill

ffill(*, limit: typing.Optional[int] = None) -> bigframes.dataframe.DataFrame

Fill NA/NaN values by propagating the last valid observation to next valid.

Examples:

>>> import bigframes.pandas as bpd
>>> import numpy as np
>>> bpd.options.display.progress_bar = None

>>> df = bpd.DataFrame([[np.nan, 2, np.nan, 0],
...                     [3, 4, np.nan, 1],
...                     [np.nan, np.nan, np.nan, np.nan],
...                     [np.nan, 3, np.nan, 4]],
...                    columns=list("ABCD")).astype("Float64")
>>> df
      A     B     C     D
0  <NA>   2.0  <NA>   0.0
1   3.0   4.0  <NA>   1.0
2  <NA>  <NA>  <NA>  <NA>
3  <NA>   3.0  <NA>   4.0
<BLANKLINE>
[4 rows x 4 columns]

Fill NA/NaN values in DataFrames:

>>> df.ffill()
      A    B     C    D
0  <NA>  2.0  <NA>  0.0
1   3.0  4.0  <NA>  1.0
2   3.0  4.0  <NA>  1.0
3   3.0  3.0  <NA>  4.0
<BLANKLINE>
[4 rows x 4 columns]

Fill NA/NaN values in Series:

>>> series = bpd.Series([1, np.nan, 2, 3])
>>> series.ffill()
0    1.0
1    1.0
2    2.0
3    3.0
dtype: Float64

Returns
Type	Description
Series/DataFrame or None	Object with missing values filled.

fillna

fillna(value=None) -> bigframes.dataframe.DataFrame

Fill NA/NaN values using the specified method.

Examples:

>>> import bigframes.pandas as bpd
>>> bpd.options.display.progress_bar = None

>>> df = bpd.DataFrame([[np.nan, 2, np.nan, 0],
...                     [3, 4, np.nan, 1],
...                     [np.nan, np.nan, np.nan, np.nan],
...                     [np.nan, 3, np.nan, 4]],
...                    columns=list("ABCD")).astype("Float64")
>>> df
    A     B     C     D
0  <NA>   2.0  <NA>   0.0
1   3.0   4.0  <NA>   1.0
2  <NA>  <NA>  <NA>  <NA>
3  <NA>   3.0  <NA>   4.0
<BLANKLINE>
[4 rows x 4 columns]

Replace all NA elements with 0s.

>>> df.fillna(0)
     A    B    C    D
0  0.0  2.0  0.0  0.0
1  3.0  4.0  0.0  1.0
2  0.0  0.0  0.0  0.0
3  0.0  3.0  0.0  4.0
<BLANKLINE>
[4 rows x 4 columns]

You can use fill values from another DataFrame:

>>> df_fill = bpd.DataFrame(np.arange(12).reshape(3, 4),
...                         columns=['A', 'B', 'C', 'D'])
>>> df_fill
   A  B   C   D
0  0  1   2   3
1  4  5   6   7
2  8  9  10  11
<BLANKLINE>
[3 rows x 4 columns]
>>> df.fillna(df_fill)
    A    B     C     D
0   0.0  2.0   2.0   0.0
1   3.0  4.0   6.0   1.0
2   8.0  9.0  10.0  11.0
3  <NA>  3.0  <NA>   4.0
<BLANKLINE>
[4 rows x 4 columns]

Parameter
Name	Description
value	scalar, Series Value to use to fill holes (e.g. 0), alternately a Series of values specifying which value to use for each index (for a Series) or column (for a DataFrame). Values not in the Series will not be filled. This value cannot be a list.

Returns
Type	Description
DataFrame	Object with missing values filled

filter

filter(
    items: typing.Optional[typing.Iterable] = None,
    like: typing.Optional[str] = None,
    regex: typing.Optional[str] = None,
    axis: int | str | None = None,
) -> bigframes.dataframe.DataFrame

Subset the dataframe rows or columns according to the specified index labels.

Note that this routine does not filter a dataframe on its contents. The filter is applied to the labels of the index.

Parameters
Name	Description
items	list-like Keep labels from axis which are in items.
like	str Keep labels from axis for which "like in label == True".
regex	str (regular expression) Keep labels from axis for which re.search(regex, label) == True.
axis	{0 or 'index', 1 or 'columns', None}, default None The axis to filter on, expressed either as an index (int) or axis name (str). By default this is the info axis, 'columns' for DataFrame. For Series this parameter is unused and defaults to None.

first_valid_index

first_valid_index()

API documentation for first_valid_index method.

floordiv

floordiv(
    other: float | int | bigframes.series.Series | bigframes.dataframe.DataFrame,
    axis: str | int = "columns",
) -> bigframes.dataframe.DataFrame

Get integer division of DataFrame and other, element-wise (binary operator //).

Equivalent to dataframe // other. With reverse version, rfloordiv.

Among flexible wrappers (add, sub, mul, div, mod, pow) to arithmetic operators: +, -, *, /, //, %, **.

Note: Mismatched indices will be unioned together.

Examples:

>>> import bigframes.pandas as bpd
>>> bpd.options.display.progress_bar = None

>>> df = bpd.DataFrame({
...     'A': [1, 2, 3],
...     'B': [4, 5, 6],
...     })

You can use method name:

>>> df['A'].floordiv(df['B'])
0    0
1    0
2    0
dtype: Int64

You can also use arithmetic operator //:

>>> df['A'] // (df['B'])
0    0
1    0
2    0
dtype: Int64

Parameters
Name	Description
other	float, int, or Series Any single or multiple element data structure, or list-like object.
axis	{0 or 'index', 1 or 'columns'} Whether to compare by the index (0 or 'index') or columns. (1 or 'columns'). For Series input, axis to match Series index on.

Returns
Type	Description
DataFrame	DataFrame result of the arithmetic operation.

from_dict

from_dict(
    data: dict, orient: str = "columns", dtype=None, columns=None
) -> bigframes.dataframe.DataFrame

Construct DataFrame from dict of array-like or dicts.

Creates DataFrame object from dictionary by columns or by index allowing dtype specification.

Parameters
Name	Description
data	dict Of the form {field : array-like} or {field : dict}.
orient	{'columns', 'index', 'tight'}, default 'columns' The "orientation" of the data. If the keys of the passed dict should be the columns of the resulting DataFrame, pass 'columns' (default). Otherwise if the keys should be rows, pass 'index'. If 'tight', assume a dict with keys ['index', 'columns', 'data', 'index_names', 'column_names'].
dtype	dtype, default None Data type to force after DataFrame construction, otherwise infer.
columns	list, default None Column labels to use when orient='index'. Raises a ValueError if used with orient='columns' or orient='tight'.

Returns
Type	Description
DataFrame	DataFrame.

from_records

from_records(
    data,
    index=None,
    exclude=None,
    columns=None,
    coerce_float: bool = False,
    nrows: typing.Optional[int] = None,
) -> bigframes.dataframe.DataFrame

Convert structured or record ndarray to DataFrame.

Creates a DataFrame object from a structured ndarray, sequence of tuples or dicts, or DataFrame.

Parameters
Name	Description
data	structured ndarray, sequence of tuples or dicts Structured input data.
index	str, list of fields, array-like Field of array to use as the index, alternately a specific set of input labels to use.
exclude	sequence, default None Columns or fields to exclude.
columns	sequence, default None Column names to use. If the passed data do not have names associated with them, this argument provides names for the columns. Otherwise this argument indicates the order of the columns in the result (any names not found in the data will become all-NA columns).
coerce_float	bool, default False Attempt to convert values of non-string, non-numeric objects (like decimal.Decimal) to floating point, useful for SQL result sets.
nrows	int, default None Number of rows to read if data is an iterator.

Returns
Type	Description
DataFrame	DataFrame.

ge

ge(other: typing.Any, axis: str | int = "columns") -> bigframes.dataframe.DataFrame

Get 'greater than or equal to' of DataFrame and other, element-wise (binary operator >=).

Among flexible wrappers (eq, ne, le, lt, ge, gt) to comparison operators.

Equivalent to ==, !=, <=, <, >=, > with support to choose axis (rows or columns) and level for comparison.

Note: Mismatched indices will be unioned together. NaN values in floating point columns are considered different (i.e. NaN != NaN).

Examples:

>>> import bigframes.pandas as bpd
>>> bpd.options.display.progress_bar = None

You can use method name:

>>> df = bpd.DataFrame({'angles': [0, 3, 4],
...        'degrees': [360, 180, 360]},
...       index=['circle', 'triangle', 'rectangle'])
>>> df["degrees"].ge(360)
circle        True
triangle     False
rectangle     True
Name: degrees, dtype: boolean

You can also use arithmetic operator >=:

>>> df["degrees"] >= 360
circle        True
triangle     False
rectangle     True
Name: degrees, dtype: boolean

Parameters
Name	Description
other	scalar, sequence, Series, or DataFrame Any single or multiple element data structure, or list-like object.
axis	{0 or 'index', 1 or 'columns'}, default 'columns' Whether to compare by the index (0 or 'index') or columns (1 or 'columns').

Returns
Type	Description
DataFrame	DataFrame of bool. The result of the comparison.

get

get(key, default=None)

Get item from object for given key (ex: DataFrame column).

Returns default value if not found.

Examples:

>>> import bigframes.pandas as bpd
>>> bpd.options.display.progress_bar = None

>>> df = bpd.DataFrame(
...     [
...         [24.3, 75.7, "high"],
...         [31, 87.8, "high"],
...         [22, 71.6, "medium"],
...         [35, 95, "medium"],
...     ],
...     columns=["temp_celsius", "temp_fahrenheit", "windspeed"],
...     index=["2014-02-12", "2014-02-13", "2014-02-14", "2014-02-15"],
... )
>>> df
            temp_celsius  temp_fahrenheit windspeed
2014-02-12          24.3             75.7      high
2014-02-13          31.0             87.8      high
2014-02-14          22.0             71.6    medium
2014-02-15          35.0             95.0    medium
<BLANKLINE>
[4 rows x 3 columns]

>>> df.get(["temp_celsius", "windspeed"])
            temp_celsius windspeed
2014-02-12          24.3      high
2014-02-13          31.0      high
2014-02-14          22.0    medium
2014-02-15          35.0    medium
<BLANKLINE>
[4 rows x 2 columns]

>>> ser = df['windspeed']
>>> ser
2014-02-12      high
2014-02-13      high
2014-02-14    medium
2014-02-15    medium
Name: windspeed, dtype: string
>>> ser.get('2014-02-13')
'high'

If the key is not found, the default value will be used.

>>> df.get(["temp_celsius", "temp_kelvin"])
>>> df.get(["temp_celsius", "temp_kelvin"], default="default_value")
'default_value'

groupby

groupby(
    by: typing.Union[
        typing.Hashable,
        bigframes.series.Series,
        typing.Sequence[typing.Union[typing.Hashable, bigframes.series.Series]],
    ] = None,
    *,
    level: typing.Optional[
        typing.Union[typing.Hashable, typing.Sequence[typing.Hashable]]
    ] = None,
    as_index: bool = True,
    dropna: bool = True
) -> bigframes.core.groupby.DataFrameGroupBy

Group DataFrame by columns.

A groupby operation involves some combination of splitting the object, applying a function, and combining the results. This can be used to group large amounts of data and compute operations on these groups.

Examples:

>>> import bigframes.pandas as bpd
>>> bpd.options.display.progress_bar = None

>>> df = bpd.DataFrame({'Animal': ['Falcon', 'Falcon',
...                                'Parrot', 'Parrot'],
...                     'Max Speed': [380., 370., 24., 26.]})
>>> df
   Animal  Max Speed
0  Falcon      380.0
1  Falcon      370.0
2  Parrot       24.0
3  Parrot       26.0
<BLANKLINE>
[4 rows x 2 columns]

>>> df.groupby(['Animal'])['Max Speed'].mean()
Animal
Falcon    375.0
Parrot     25.0
Name: Max Speed, dtype: Float64

We can also choose to include NA in group keys or not by setting dropna:

>>> df = bpd.DataFrame([[1, 2, 3],[1, None, 4], [2, 1, 3], [1, 2, 2]],
...                    columns=["a", "b", "c"])
>>> df.groupby(by=["b"]).sum()
     a  c
b
1.0  2  3
2.0  2  5
<BLANKLINE>
[2 rows x 2 columns]

>>> df.groupby(by=["b"], dropna=False).sum()
      a  c
b
1.0   2  3
2.0   2  5
<NA>  1  4
<BLANKLINE>
[3 rows x 2 columns]

We can also choose to return object with group labels or not by setting as_index:

>>> df.groupby(by=["b"], as_index=False).sum()
     b  a  c
0  1.0  2  3
1  2.0  2  5
<BLANKLINE>
[2 rows x 3 columns]

Parameters
Name	Description
by	str, Sequence[str] A label or list of labels may be passed to group by the columns in self. Notice that a tuple is interpreted as a (single) key.
level	int, level name, or sequence of such, default None If the axis is a MultiIndex (hierarchical), group by a particular level or levels. Do not specify both by and level.
as_index	bool, default True Default True. Return object with group labels as the index. Only relevant for DataFrame input. as_index=False is effectively "SQL-style" grouped output. This argument has no effect on filtrations such as head(), tail(), nth() and in transformations.
dropna	bool, default True Default True. If True, and if group keys contain NA values, NA values together with row/column will be dropped. If False, NA values will also be treated as the key in groups.

Returns
Type	Description
bigframes.core.groupby.SeriesGroupBy	A groupby object that contains information about the groups.

gt

gt(other: typing.Any, axis: str | int = "columns") -> bigframes.dataframe.DataFrame

Get 'greater than' of DataFrame and other, element-wise (binary operator >).

Among flexible wrappers (eq, ne, le, lt, ge, gt) to comparison operators.

Equivalent to ==, !=, <=, <, >=, > with support to choose axis (rows or columns) and level for comparison.

Note: Mismatched indices will be unioned together. NaN values in floating point columns are considered different (i.e. NaN != NaN).

Examples:

>>> import bigframes.pandas as bpd
>>> bpd.options.display.progress_bar = None

>>> df = bpd.DataFrame({'angles': [0, 3, 4],
...        'degrees': [360, 180, 360]},
...       index=['circle', 'triangle', 'rectangle'])
>>> df["degrees"].gt(360)
circle       False
triangle     False
rectangle    False
Name: degrees, dtype: boolean

You can also use arithmetic operator >:

>>> df["degrees"] > 360
circle       False
triangle     False
rectangle    False
Name: degrees, dtype: boolean

Parameters
Name	Description
other	scalar, sequence, Series, or DataFrame Any single or multiple element data structure, or list-like object.
axis	{0 or 'index', 1 or 'columns'}, default 'columns' Whether to compare by the index (0 or 'index') or columns (1 or 'columns').

Returns
Type	Description
DataFrame	DataFrame of bool: The result of the comparison.

head

head(n: int = 5) -> bigframes.dataframe.DataFrame

Return the first n rows.

This function returns the first n rows for the object based on position. It is useful for quickly testing if your object has the right type of data in it.

For negative values of n, this function returns all rows except the last |n| rows, equivalent to df[:n].

If n is larger than the number of rows, this function returns all rows.

Examples:

>>> import bigframes.pandas as bpd
>>> bpd.options.display.progress_bar = None

>>> df = bpd.DataFrame({'animal': ['alligator', 'bee', 'falcon', 'lion',
...                     'monkey', 'parrot', 'shark', 'whale', 'zebra']})
>>> df
    animal
0  alligator
1        bee
2     falcon
3       lion
4     monkey
5     parrot
6      shark
7      whale
8      zebra
<BLANKLINE>
[9 rows x 1 columns]

Viewing the first 5 lines:

>>> df.head()
    animal
0  alligator
1        bee
2     falcon
3       lion
4     monkey
<BLANKLINE>
[5 rows x 1 columns]

Viewing the first n lines (three in this case):

>>> df.head(3)
    animal
0  alligator
1        bee
2     falcon
<BLANKLINE>
[3 rows x 1 columns]

For negative values of n:

>>> df.head(-3)
    animal
0  alligator
1        bee
2     falcon
3       lion
4     monkey
5     parrot
<BLANKLINE>
[6 rows x 1 columns]

Parameter
Name	Description
n	int, default 5 Default 5. Number of rows to select.

Returns
Type	Description
same type as caller	The first n rows of the caller object.

idxmax

idxmax() -> bigframes.series.Series

Return index of first occurrence of maximum over columns.

NA/null values are excluded.

Examples:

>>> import bigframes.pandas as bpd
>>> bpd.options.display.progress_bar = None

>>> df = bpd.DataFrame({"A": [3, 1, 2], "B": [1, 2, 3]})
>>> df
    A       B
0   3       1
1   1       2
2   2       3
<BLANKLINE>
[3 rows x 2 columns]

>>> df.idxmax()
A    0
B    2
dtype: Int64

Returns
Type	Description
Series	Indexes of maxima along the columns.

idxmin

idxmin() -> bigframes.series.Series

Return index of first occurrence of minimum over columns.

NA/null values are excluded.

Examples:

>>> import bigframes.pandas as bpd
>>> bpd.options.display.progress_bar = None

>>> df = bpd.DataFrame({"A": [3, 1, 2], "B": [1, 2, 3]})
>>> df
    A       B
0   3       1
1   1       2
2   2       3
<BLANKLINE>
[3 rows x 2 columns]

>>> df.idxmin()
A    1
B    0
dtype: Int64

Returns
Type	Description
Series	Indexes of minima along the columns.

info

info(
    verbose: typing.Optional[bool] = None,
    buf=None,
    max_cols: typing.Optional[int] = None,
    memory_usage: typing.Optional[bool] = None,
    show_counts: typing.Optional[bool] = None,
)

Print a concise summary of a DataFrame.

This method prints information about a DataFrame including the index dtypeand columns, non-null values and memory usage.

Parameters
Name	Description
verbose	bool, optional Whether to print the full summary. By default, the setting in pandas.options.display.max_info_columns is followed.
buf	writable buffer, defaults to sys.stdout Where to send the output. By default, the output is printed to sys.stdout. Pass a writable buffer if you need to further process the output.
max_cols	int, optional When to switch from the verbose to the truncated output. If the DataFrame has more than max_cols columns, the truncated output is used. By default, the setting in pandas.options.display.max_info_columns is used.
memory_usage	bool, optional Specifies whether total memory usage of the DataFrame elements (including the index) should be displayed. By default, this follows the pandas.options.display.memory_usage setting. True always show memory usage. False never shows memory usage. Memory estimation is made based in column dtype and number of rows assuming values consume the same memory amount for corresponding dtypes.
show_counts	bool, optional Whether to show the non-null counts. By default, this is shown only if the DataFrame is smaller than pandas.options.display.max_info_rows and pandas.options.display.max_info_columns. A value of True always shows the counts, and False never shows the counts.

Returns
Type	Description
None	This method prints a summary of a DataFrame and returns None.

interpolate

interpolate(method: str = "linear") -> bigframes.dataframe.DataFrame

Fill NaN values using an interpolation method.

Examples:

>>> import bigframes.pandas as bpd
>>> bpd.options.display.progress_bar = None

>>> df = bpd.DataFrame({
...     'A': [1, 2, 3, None, None, 6],
...     'B': [None, 6, None, 2, None, 3],
...     }, index=[0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.7, 0.9, 1.0])
>>> df.interpolate()
       A     B
0.0  1.0  <NA>
0.1  2.0   6.0
0.3  3.0   4.0
0.7  4.0   2.0
0.9  5.0   2.5
1.0  6.0   3.0
<BLANKLINE>
[6 rows x 2 columns]
>>> df.interpolate(method="values")
            A         B
0.0       1.0      <NA>
0.1       2.0       6.0
0.3       3.0  4.666667
0.7  4.714286       2.0
0.9  5.571429  2.666667
1.0       6.0       3.0
<BLANKLINE>
[6 rows x 2 columns]

Parameter
Name	Description
method	str, default 'linear' Interpolation technique to use. Only 'linear' supported. 'linear': Ignore the index and treat the values as equally spaced. This is the only method supported on MultiIndexes. 'index', 'values': use the actual numerical values of the index. 'pad': Fill in NaNs using existing values. 'nearest', 'zero', 'slinear': Emulates scipy.interpolate.interp1d

Returns
Type	Description
DataFrame	Returns the same object type as the caller, interpolated at some or all NaN values

isin

isin(values) -> bigframes.dataframe.DataFrame

Whether each element in the DataFrame is contained in values.

Examples:

>>> import bigframes.pandas as bpd
>>> bpd.options.display.progress_bar = None

>>> df = bpd.DataFrame({'num_legs': [2, 4], 'num_wings': [2, 0]},
...                    index=['falcon', 'dog'])
>>> df
        num_legs  num_wings
falcon         2          2
dog            4          0
<BLANKLINE>
[2 rows x 2 columns]

When values is a list check whether every value in the DataFrame is present in the list (which animals have 0 or 2 legs or wings).

>>> df.isin([0, 2])
        num_legs  num_wings
falcon      True       True
dog        False       True
<BLANKLINE>
[2 rows x 2 columns]

When values is a dict, we can pass it to check for each column separately:

>>> df.isin({'num_wings': [0, 3]})
        num_legs  num_wings
falcon     False      False
dog        False       True
<BLANKLINE>
[2 rows x 2 columns]

Parameter
Name	Description
values	iterable, or dict The result will only be true at a location if all the labels match. If values is a dict, the keys must be the column names, which must match.

Returns
Type	Description
DataFrame	DataFrame of booleans showing whether each element in the DataFrame is contained in values.

isna

isna() -> bigframes.dataframe.DataFrame

Detect missing values.

Return a boolean same-sized object indicating if the values are NA. NA values get mapped to True values. Everything else gets mapped to False values. Characters such as empty strings '' or numpy.inf are not considered NA values.

Examples:

>>> import bigframes.pandas as bpd
>>> bpd.options.display.progress_bar = None
>>> import numpy as np

>>> df = bpd.DataFrame(dict(
...         age=[5, 6, np.nan],
...         born=[bpd.NA, "1940-04-25", "1940-04-25"],
...         name=['Alfred', 'Batman', ''],
...         toy=[None, 'Batmobile', 'Joker'],
... ))
>>> df
    age        born    name        toy
0   5.0        <NA>  Alfred       <NA>
1   6.0  1940-04-25  Batman  Batmobile
2  <NA>  1940-04-25              Joker
<BLANKLINE>
[3 rows x 4 columns]

Show which entries in a DataFrame are NA:

>>> df.isna()
    age   born   name    toy
0  False   True  False   True
1  False  False  False  False
2   True  False  False  False
<BLANKLINE>
[3 rows x 4 columns]

>>> df.isnull()
    age   born   name    toy
0  False   True  False   True
1  False  False  False  False
2   True  False  False  False
<BLANKLINE>
[3 rows x 4 columns]

Show which entries in a Series are NA:

>>> ser = bpd.Series([5, None, 6, np.nan, bpd.NA])
>>> ser
0     5.0
1    <NA>
2     6.0
3    <NA>
4    <NA>
dtype: Float64

>>> ser.isna()
0    False
1     True
2    False
3     True
4     True
dtype: boolean

>>> ser.isnull()
0    False
1     True
2    False
3     True
4     True
dtype: boolean

isnull

isnull() -> bigframes.dataframe.DataFrame

Detect missing values.

Return a boolean same-sized object indicating if the values are NA. NA values get mapped to True values. Everything else gets mapped to False values. Characters such as empty strings '' or numpy.inf are not considered NA values.

Examples:

>>> import bigframes.pandas as bpd
>>> bpd.options.display.progress_bar = None
>>> import numpy as np

>>> df = bpd.DataFrame(dict(
...         age=[5, 6, np.nan],
...         born=[bpd.NA, "1940-04-25", "1940-04-25"],
...         name=['Alfred', 'Batman', ''],
...         toy=[None, 'Batmobile', 'Joker'],
... ))
>>> df
    age        born    name        toy
0   5.0        <NA>  Alfred       <NA>
1   6.0  1940-04-25  Batman  Batmobile
2  <NA>  1940-04-25              Joker
<BLANKLINE>
[3 rows x 4 columns]

Show which entries in a DataFrame are NA:

>>> df.isna()
    age   born   name    toy
0  False   True  False   True
1  False  False  False  False
2   True  False  False  False
<BLANKLINE>
[3 rows x 4 columns]

>>> df.isnull()
    age   born   name    toy
0  False   True  False   True
1  False  False  False  False
2   True  False  False  False
<BLANKLINE>
[3 rows x 4 columns]

Show which entries in a Series are NA:

>>> ser = bpd.Series([5, None, 6, np.nan, bpd.NA])
>>> ser
0     5.0
1    <NA>
2     6.0
3    <NA>
4    <NA>
dtype: Float64

>>> ser.isna()
0    False
1     True
2    False
3     True
4     True
dtype: boolean

>>> ser.isnull()
0    False
1     True
2    False
3     True
4     True
dtype: boolean

items

items()

Iterate over (column name, Series) pairs.

Iterates over the DataFrame columns, returning a tuple with the column name and the content as a Series.

Examples:

>>> import bigframes.pandas as bpd
>>> bpd.options.display.progress_bar = None

>>> df = bpd.DataFrame({'species': ['bear', 'bear', 'marsupial'],
...                     'population': [1864, 22000, 80000]},
...                    index=['panda', 'polar', 'koala'])
>>> df
         species  population
panda       bear        1864
polar       bear       22000
koala  marsupial       80000
<BLANKLINE>
[3 rows x 2 columns]

>>> for label, content in df.items():
...     print(f'--> label: {label}')
...     print(f'--> content:\n{content}')
...
--> label: species
--> content:
panda         bear
polar         bear
koala    marsupial
Name: species, dtype: string
--> label: population
--> content:
panda     1864
polar    22000
koala    80000
Name: population, dtype: Int64

Returns
Type	Description
Iterator	Iterator of label, Series for each column.

iterrows

iterrows() -> typing.Iterable[tuple[typing.Any, pandas.core.series.Series]]

Iterate over DataFrame rows as (index, Series) pairs.

:Yields: a tuple (index, data) where data contains row values as a Series

Examples:

>>> import bigframes.pandas as bpd
>>> bpd.options.display.progress_bar = None
>>> df = bpd.DataFrame({
...     'A': [1, 2, 3],
...     'B': [4, 5, 6],
...     })
>>> index, row = next(df.iterrows())
>>> index
0
>>> row
A    1
B    4
Name: 0, dtype: object

itertuples

itertuples(
    index: bool = True, name: typing.Optional[str] = "Pandas"
) -> typing.Iterable[tuple[typing.Any, ...]]

Iterate over DataFrame rows as namedtuples.

Parameters
Name	Description
index	bool, default True If True, return the index as the first element of the tuple.
name	str or None, default "Pandas" The name of the returned namedtuples or None to return regular tuples.

Returns
Type	Description
iterator **Examples:** >>> import bigframes.pandas as bpd >>> bpd.options.display.progress_bar = None >>> df = bpd.DataFrame({ ... 'A': [1, 2, 3], ... 'B': [4, 5, 6], ... }) >>> next(df.itertuples(name="Pair")) Pair(Index=0, A=1, B=4)	An object to iterate over namedtuples for each row in the DataFrame with the first field possibly being the index and following fields being the column values.

join

join(
    other: bigframes.dataframe.DataFrame,
    *,
    on: typing.Optional[str] = None,
    how: str = "left"
) -> bigframes.dataframe.DataFrame

Join columns of another DataFrame.

Join columns with other DataFrame on index

Examples:

>>> import bigframes.pandas as bpd
>>> bpd.options.display.progress_bar = None

Join two DataFrames by specifying how to handle the operation:

>>> df1 = bpd.DataFrame({'col1': ['foo', 'bar'], 'col2': [1, 2]}, index=[10, 11])
>>> df1
   col1  col2
10  foo     1
11  bar     2
<BLANKLINE>
[2 rows x 2 columns]

>>> df2 = bpd.DataFrame({'col3': ['foo', 'baz'], 'col4': [3, 4]}, index=[11, 22])
>>> df2
   col3  col4
11  foo     3
22  baz     4
<BLANKLINE>
[2 rows x 2 columns]

>>> df1.join(df2)
   col1  col2  col3  col4
10  foo     1  <NA>  <NA>
11  bar     2   foo     3
<BLANKLINE>
[2 rows x 4 columns]

>>> df1.join(df2, how="left")
   col1  col2  col3  col4
10  foo     1  <NA>  <NA>
11  bar     2   foo     3
<BLANKLINE>
[2 rows x 4 columns]

>>> df1.join(df2, how="right")
    col1  col2 col3  col4
11  bar      2  foo     3
22  <NA>  <NA>  baz     4
<BLANKLINE>
[2 rows x 4 columns]

>>> df1.join(df2, how="outer")
    col1  col2  col3  col4
10   foo     1  <NA>  <NA>
11   bar     2   foo     3
22  <NA>  <NA>   baz     4
<BLANKLINE>
[3 rows x 4 columns]

>>> df1.join(df2, how="inner")
   col1  col2 col3  col4
11  bar     2  foo     3
<BLANKLINE>
[1 rows x 4 columns]

Another option to join using the key columns is to use the on parameter:

>>> df1.join(df2, on="col1", how="right")
      col1  col2 col3  col4
<NA>    11  <NA>  foo     3
<NA>    22  <NA>  baz     4
<BLANKLINE>
[2 rows x 4 columns]

Parameter
Name	Description
how	{'left', 'right', 'outer', 'inner'}, default 'left'` How to handle the operation of the two objects. left: use calling frame's index (or column if on is specified) right: use other's index. outer: form union of calling frame's index (or column if on is specified) with other's index, and sort it lexicographically. inner: form intersection of calling frame's index (or column if on is specified) with other's index, preserving the order of the calling's one. cross: creates the cartesian product from both frames, preserves the order of the left keys.

Returns
Type	Description
bigframes.dataframe.DataFrame	A dataframe containing columns from both the caller and other.

keys

keys() -> pandas.core.indexes.base.Index

Get the 'info axis'.

This is index for Series, columns for DataFrame.

Returns
Type	Description
Index **Examples:** >>> import bigframes.pandas as bpd >>> bpd.options.display.progress_bar = None >>> df = bpd.DataFrame({ ... 'A': [1, 2, 3], ... 'B': [4, 5, 6], ... }) >>> df.keys() Index(['A', 'B'], dtype='object')	Info axis.

kurt

kurt(*, numeric_only: bool = False)

Return unbiased kurtosis over columns.

Kurtosis obtained using Fisher's definition of kurtosis (kurtosis of normal == 0.0). Normalized by N-1.

Examples:

>>> import bigframes.pandas as bpd
>>> bpd.options.display.progress_bar = None

>>> df = bpd.DataFrame({"A": [1, 2, 3, 4, 5],
...                     "B": [3, 4, 3, 2, 1],
...                     "C": [2, 2, 3, 2, 2]})
>>> df
    A       B       C
0   1       3       2
1   2       4       2
2   3       3       3
3   4       2       2
4   5       1       2
<BLANKLINE>
[5 rows x 3 columns]

Calculating the kurtosis value of each column:

>>> df.kurt()
A        -1.2
B   -0.177515
C         5.0
dtype: Float64

Parameter
Name	Description
numeric_only	bool, default False Include only float, int, boolean columns.

Returns
Type	Description
Series	Series.

kurtosis

kurtosis(*, numeric_only: bool = False)

API documentation for kurtosis method.

le

le(other: typing.Any, axis: str | int = "columns") -> bigframes.dataframe.DataFrame

Get 'less than or equal to' of dataframe and other, element-wise (binary operator <=).

Among flexible wrappers (eq, ne, le, lt, ge, gt) to comparison operators.

Equivalent to ==, !=, <=, <, >=, > with support to choose axis (rows or columns) and level for comparison.

Note: Mismatched indices will be unioned together. NaN values in floating point columns are considered different (i.e. NaN != NaN).

Examples:

>>> import bigframes.pandas as bpd
>>> bpd.options.display.progress_bar = None

You can use method name:

>>> df = bpd.DataFrame({'angles': [0, 3, 4],
...        'degrees': [360, 180, 360]},
...       index=['circle', 'triangle', 'rectangle'])
>>> df["degrees"].le(180)
circle       False
triangle      True
rectangle    False
Name: degrees, dtype: boolean

You can also use arithmetic operator <=:

>>> df["degrees"] <= 180
circle       False
triangle      True
rectangle    False
Name: degrees, dtype: boolean

Parameters
Name	Description
other	scalar, sequence, Series, or DataFrame Any single or multiple element data structure, or list-like object.
axis	{0 or 'index', 1 or 'columns'}, default 'columns' Whether to compare by the index (0 or 'index') or columns (1 or 'columns').

Returns
Type	Description
DataFrame	DataFrame of bool. The result of the comparison.

lt

lt(other: typing.Any, axis: str | int = "columns") -> bigframes.dataframe.DataFrame

Get 'less than' of DataFrame and other, element-wise (binary operator <).

Among flexible wrappers (eq, ne, le, lt, ge, gt) to comparison operators.

Equivalent to ==, !=, <=, <, >=, > with support to choose axis (rows or columns) and level for comparison.

Note: Mismatched indices will be unioned together. NaN values in floating point columns are considered different (i.e. NaN != NaN).

Examples:

>>> import bigframes.pandas as bpd
>>> bpd.options.display.progress_bar = None

You can use method name:

>>> df = bpd.DataFrame({'angles': [0, 3, 4],
...        'degrees': [360, 180, 360]},
...       index=['circle', 'triangle', 'rectangle'])
>>> df["degrees"].lt(180)
circle       False
triangle     False
rectangle    False
Name: degrees, dtype: boolean

You can also use arithmetic operator <:

>>> df["degrees"] < 180
circle       False
triangle     False
rectangle    False
Name: degrees, dtype: boolean

Parameters
Name	Description
other	scalar, sequence, Series, or DataFrame Any single or multiple element data structure, or list-like object.
axis	{0 or 'index', 1 or 'columns'}, default 'columns' Whether to compare by the index (0 or 'index') or columns (1 or 'columns').

Returns
Type	Description
DataFrame	DataFrame of bool. The result of the comparison.

map

map(func, na_action: typing.Optional[str] = None) -> bigframes.dataframe.DataFrame

Apply a function to a Dataframe elementwise.

This method applies a function that accepts and returns a scalar to every element of a DataFrame.

Note: In pandas 2.1.0, DataFrame.applymap is deprecated and renamed to DataFrame.map.

Examples:

>>> import bigframes.pandas as bpd
>>> bpd.options.display.progress_bar = None

Let's use reuse=False flag to make sure a new remote_function is created every time we run the following code, but you can skip it to potentially reuse a previously deployed remote_function from the same user defined function.

>>> @bpd.remote_function([int], float, reuse=False)
... def minutes_to_hours(x):
...     return x/60

>>> df_minutes = bpd.DataFrame(
...     {"system_minutes" : [0, 30, 60, 90, 120],
...      "user_minutes" : [0, 15, 75, 90, 6]})
>>> df_minutes
system_minutes  user_minutes
0               0             0
1              30            15
2              60            75
3              90            90
4             120             6
<BLANKLINE>
[5 rows x 2 columns]

>>> df_hours = df_minutes.map(minutes_to_hours)
>>> df_hours
system_minutes  user_minutes
0             0.0           0.0
1             0.5          0.25
2             1.0          1.25
3             1.5           1.5
4             2.0           0.1
<BLANKLINE>
[5 rows x 2 columns]

If there are NA/None values in the data, you can ignore applying the remote function on such values by specifying na_action='ignore'.

>>> df_minutes = bpd.DataFrame(
...     {
...         "system_minutes" : [0, 30, 60, None, 90, 120, bpd.NA],
...         "user_minutes" : [0, 15, 75, 90, 6, None, bpd.NA]
...     }, dtype="Int64")
>>> df_hours = df_minutes.map(minutes_to_hours, na_action='ignore')
>>> df_hours
system_minutes  user_minutes
0             0.0           0.0
1             0.5          0.25
2             1.0          1.25
3            <NA>           1.5
4             1.5           0.1
5             2.0          <NA>
6            <NA>          <NA>
<BLANKLINE>
[7 rows x 2 columns]

Parameters
Name	Description
func	function Python function wrapped by remote_function decorator, returns a single value from a single value.
na_action	Optional[str], default None {None, 'ignore'}, default None. If ignore, propagate NaN values, without passing them to func.

Returns
Type	Description
bigframes.dataframe.DataFrame	Transformed DataFrame.

max

max(
    axis: typing.Union[str, int] = 0, *, numeric_only: bool = False
) -> bigframes.series.Series

Return the maximum of the values over the requested axis.

If you want the index of the maximum, use idxmax. This is the equivalent of the numpy.ndarray method argmax.

Examples:

>>> import bigframes.pandas as bpd
>>> bpd.options.display.progress_bar = None

>>> df = bpd.DataFrame({"A": [1, 3], "B": [2, 4]})
>>> df
    A       B
0   1       2
1   3       4
<BLANKLINE>
[2 rows x 2 columns]

Finding the maximum value in each column (the default behavior without an explicit axis parameter).

>>> df.max()
A    3.0
B    4.0
dtype: Float64

Finding the maximum value in each row.

>>> df.max(axis=1)
0    2.0
1    4.0
dtype: Float64

Parameters
Name	Description
axis	{index (0), columns (1)} Axis for the function to be applied on. For Series this parameter is unused and defaults to 0.
numeric_only	bool. default False Default False. Include only float, int, boolean columns.

Returns
Type	Description
bigframes.series.Series	Series after the maximum of values.

mean

mean(
    axis: typing.Union[str, int] = 0, *, numeric_only: bool = False
) -> bigframes.series.Series

Return the mean of the values over the requested axis.

Examples:

>>> import bigframes.pandas as bpd
>>> bpd.options.display.progress_bar = None

>>> df = bpd.DataFrame({"A": [1, 3], "B": [2, 4]})
>>> df
    A       B
0   1       2
1   3       4
<BLANKLINE>
[2 rows x 2 columns]

Calculating the mean of each column (the default behavior without an explicit axis parameter).

>>> df.mean()
A    2.0
B    3.0
dtype: Float64

Calculating the mean of each row.

>>> df.mean(axis=1)
0    1.5
1    3.5
dtype: Float64

Parameters
Name	Description
axis	{index (0), columns (1)} Axis for the function to be applied on. For Series this parameter is unused and defaults to 0.
numeric_only	bool. default False Default False. Include only float, int, boolean columns.

Returns
Type	Description
bigframes.series.Series	Series with the mean of values.

median

median(
    *, numeric_only: bool = False, exact: bool = False
) -> bigframes.series.Series

Return the median of the values over colunms.

Examples:

>>> import bigframes.pandas as bpd
>>> bpd.options.display.progress_bar = None

>>> df = bpd.DataFrame({"A": [1, 3], "B": [2, 4]})
>>> df
    A       B
0   1       2
1   3       4
<BLANKLINE>
[2 rows x 2 columns]

Finding the median value of each column.

>>> df.median()
A    1.0
B    2.0
dtype: Float64

Parameters
Name	Description
numeric_only	bool. default False Default False. Include only float, int, boolean columns.
exact	bool. default False Default False. Get the exact median instead of an approximate one. Note: exact=True not yet supported.

Returns
Type	Description
bigframes.series.Series	Series with the median of values.

melt

melt(
    id_vars: typing.Optional[typing.Iterable[typing.Hashable]] = None,
    value_vars: typing.Optional[typing.Iterable[typing.Hashable]] = None,
    var_name: typing.Union[typing.Hashable, typing.Sequence[typing.Hashable]] = None,
    value_name: typing.Hashable = "value",
)

Unpivot a DataFrame from wide to long format, optionally leaving identifiers set.

This function is useful to massage a DataFrame into a format where one or more columns are identifier variables (id_vars), while all other columns, considered measured variables (value_vars), are "unpivoted" to the row axis, leaving just two non-identifier columns, 'variable' and 'value'.

Examples:

>>> import bigframes.pandas as bpd
>>> bpd.options.display.progress_bar = None

>>> df = bpd.DataFrame({"A": [1, None, 3, 4, 5],
...                     "B": [1, 2, 3, 4, 5],
...                     "C": [None, 3.5, None, 4.5, 5.0]})
>>> df
        A       B      C
0     1.0       1   <NA>
1    <NA>       2    3.5
2     3.0       3   <NA>
3     4.0       4    4.5
4     5.0       5    5.0
<BLANKLINE>
[5 rows x 3 columns]

Using melt without optional arguments:

>>> df.melt()
    variable    value
0          A      1.0
1          A     <NA>
2          A      3.0
3          A      4.0
4          A      5.0
5          B      1.0
6          B      2.0
7          B      3.0
8          B      4.0
9          B      5.0
10         C     <NA>
11         C      3.5
12         C     <NA>
13         C      4.5
14         C      5.0
<BLANKLINE>
[15 rows x 2 columns]

Using melt with id_vars and value_vars:

>>> df.melt(id_vars='A', value_vars=['B', 'C'])
       A    variable        value
0    1.0           B            1
1   <NA>           B            2
2    3.0           B            3
3    4.0           B            4
4    5.0           B            5
5    1.0           C         <NA>
6    <NA>          C            3
7    3.0           C         <NA>
8    4.0           C            4
9    5.0           C            5
<BLANKLINE>
[10 rows x 3 columns]

Parameters
Name	Description
id_vars	tuple, list, or ndarray, optional Column(s) to use as identifier variables.
value_vars	tuple, list, or ndarray, optional Column(s) to unpivot. If not specified, uses all columns that are not set as id_vars.
var_name	scalar Name to use for the 'variable' column. If None it uses frame.columns.name or 'variable'.
value_name	scalar, default 'value' Name to use for the 'value' column.

Returns
Type	Description
DataFrame	Unpivoted DataFrame.

memory_usage

memory_usage(index: bool = True)

Return the memory usage of each column in bytes.

The memory usage can optionally include the contribution of the index and elements of object dtype.

This value is displayed in DataFrame.info by default. This can be suppressed by setting pandas.options.display.memory_usage to False.

Parameter
Name	Description
index	bool, default True Specifies whether to include the memory usage of the DataFrame's index in returned Series. If index=True, the memory usage of the index is the first item in the output.

Returns
Type	Description
Series	A Series whose index is the original column names and whose values is the memory usage of each column in bytes.

merge

merge(
    right: bigframes.dataframe.DataFrame,
    how: typing.Literal["inner", "left", "outer", "right", "cross"] = "inner",
    on: typing.Optional[
        typing.Union[typing.Hashable, typing.Sequence[typing.Hashable]]
    ] = None,
    *,
    left_on: typing.Optional[
        typing.Union[typing.Hashable, typing.Sequence[typing.Hashable]]
    ] = None,
    right_on: typing.Optional[
        typing.Union[typing.Hashable, typing.Sequence[typing.Hashable]]
    ] = None,
    sort: bool = False,
    suffixes: tuple[str, str] = ("_x", "_y")
) -> bigframes.dataframe.DataFrame

Merge DataFrame objects with a database-style join.

The join is done on columns or indexes. If joining columns on columns, the DataFrame indexes will be ignored. Otherwise if joining indexes on indexes or indexes on a column or columns, the index will be passed on. When performing a cross merge, no column specifications to merge on are allowed.

Warning: If both key columns contain rows where the key is a null value, those rows will be matched against each other. This is different from usual SQL join behaviour and can lead to unexpected results.

Examples:

>>> import bigframes.pandas as bpd
>>> bpd.options.display.progress_bar = None

Merge DataFrames df1 and df2 by specifiying type of merge:

>>> df1 = bpd.DataFrame({'a': ['foo', 'bar'], 'b': [1, 2]})
>>> df1
     a  b
0  foo  1
1  bar  2
<BLANKLINE>
[2 rows x 2 columns]

>>> df2 = bpd.DataFrame({'a': ['foo', 'baz'], 'c': [3, 4]})
>>> df2
     a  c
0  foo  3
1  baz  4
<BLANKLINE>
[2 rows x 2 columns]

>>> df1.merge(df2, how="inner", on="a")
     a  b  c
0  foo  1  3
<BLANKLINE>
[1 rows x 3 columns]

>>> df1.merge(df2, how='left', on='a')
     a  b     c
0  foo  1     3
1  bar  2  <NA>
<BLANKLINE>
[2 rows x 3 columns]

Merge df1 and df2 on the lkey and rkey columns. The value columns have the default suffixes, _x and _y, appended.

>>> df1 = bpd.DataFrame({'lkey': ['foo', 'bar', 'baz', 'foo'],
...                     'value': [1, 2, 3, 5]})
>>> df1
  lkey  value
0  foo      1
1  bar      2
2  baz      3
3  foo      5
<BLANKLINE>
[4 rows x 2 columns]

>>> df2 = bpd.DataFrame({'rkey': ['foo', 'bar', 'baz', 'foo'],
...                     'value': [5, 6, 7, 8]})
>>> df2
  rkey  value
0  foo      5
1  bar      6
2  baz      7
3  foo      8
<BLANKLINE>
[4 rows x 2 columns]

>>> df1.merge(df2, left_on='lkey', right_on='rkey')
  lkey  value_x rkey  value_y
0  foo        1  foo        5
1  foo        1  foo        8
2  bar        2  bar        6
3  baz        3  baz        7
4  foo        5  foo        5
5  foo        5  foo        8
<BLANKLINE>
[6 rows x 4 columns]

Parameters
Name	Description
on	label or list of labels Columns to join on. It must be found in both DataFrames. Either on or left_on + right_on must be passed in.
left_on	label or list of labels Columns to join on in the left DataFrame. Either on or left_on + right_on must be passed in.
right_on	label or list of labels Columns to join on in the right DataFrame. Either on or left_on + right_on must be passed in.

Returns
Type	Description
bigframes.dataframe.DataFrame	A DataFrame of the two merged objects.

min

min(
    axis: typing.Union[str, int] = 0, *, numeric_only: bool = False
) -> bigframes.series.Series

Return the minimum of the values over the requested axis.

If you want the index of the minimum, use idxmin. This is the equivalent of the numpy.ndarray method argmin.

Examples:

>>> import bigframes.pandas as bpd
>>> bpd.options.display.progress_bar = None

>>> df = bpd.DataFrame({"A": [1, 3], "B": [2, 4]})
>>> df
    A       B
0   1       2
1   3       4
<BLANKLINE>
[2 rows x 2 columns]

Finding the minimum value in each column (the default behavior without an explicit axis parameter).

>>> df.min()
A    1.0
B    2.0
dtype: Float64

Finding the minimum value in each row.

>>> df.min(axis=1)
0    1.0
1    3.0
dtype: Float64

Parameters
Name	Description
axis	{index (0), columns (1)} Axis for the function to be applied on. For Series this parameter is unused and defaults to 0.
numeric_only	bool, default False Default False. Include only float, int, boolean columns.

Returns
Type	Description
bigframes.series.Series	Series with the minimum of the values.

mod

mod(
    other: int | bigframes.series.Series | bigframes.dataframe.DataFrame,
    axis: str | int = "columns",
) -> bigframes.dataframe.DataFrame

Get modulo of DataFrame and other, element-wise (binary operator %).

Equivalent to dataframe % other. With reverse version, rmod.

Among flexible wrappers (add, sub, mul, div, mod, pow) to arithmetic operators: +, -, *, /, //, %, **.

Note: Mismatched indices will be unioned together.

Examples:

>>> import bigframes.pandas as bpd
>>> bpd.options.display.progress_bar = None

>>> df = bpd.DataFrame({
...     'A': [1, 2, 3],
...     'B': [4, 5, 6],
...     })

You can use method name:

>>> df['A'].mod(df['B'])
0    1
1    2
2    3
dtype: Int64

You can also use arithmetic operator %:

>>> df['A'] % (df['B'])
0    1
1    2
2    3
dtype: Int64

Parameter
Name	Description
axis	{0 or 'index', 1 or 'columns'} Whether to compare by the index (0 or 'index') or columns. (1 or 'columns'). For Series input, axis to match Series index on.

Returns
Type	Description
DataFrame	DataFrame result of the arithmetic operation.

mul

mul(
    other: float | int | bigframes.series.Series | bigframes.dataframe.DataFrame,
    axis: str | int = "columns",
) -> bigframes.dataframe.DataFrame

Get multiplication of DataFrame and other, element-wise (binary operator *).

Equivalent to dataframe * other. With reverse version, rmul.

Among flexible wrappers (add, sub, mul, div, mod, pow) to arithmetic operators: +, -, *, /, //, %, **.

Note: Mismatched indices will be unioned together.

Examples:

>>> import bigframes.pandas as bpd
>>> bpd.options.display.progress_bar = None

>>> df = bpd.DataFrame({
...     'A': [1, 2, 3],
...     'B': [4, 5, 6],
...     })

You can use method name:

>>> df['A'].mul(df['B'])
0     4
1    10
2    18
dtype: Int64

You can also use arithmetic operator *:

>>> df['A'] * (df['B'])
0     4
1    10
2    18
dtype: Int64

Parameters
Name	Description
other	float, int, or Series Any single or multiple element data structure, or list-like object.
axis	{0 or 'index', 1 or 'columns'} Whether to compare by the index (0 or 'index') or columns. (1 or 'columns'). For Series input, axis to match Series index on.

Returns
Type	Description
DataFrame	DataFrame result of the arithmetic operation.

multiply

multiply(
    other: float | int | bigframes.series.Series | bigframes.dataframe.DataFrame,
    axis: str | int = "columns",
) -> bigframes.dataframe.DataFrame

API documentation for multiply method.

ne

ne(other: typing.Any, axis: str | int = "columns") -> bigframes.dataframe.DataFrame

Get not equal to of DataFrame and other, element-wise (binary operator ne).

Among flexible wrappers (eq, ne, le, lt, ge, gt) to comparison operators.

Equivalent to ==, !=, <=, <, >=, > with support to choose axis (rows or columns) and level for comparison.

Examples:

>>> import bigframes.pandas as bpd
>>> bpd.options.display.progress_bar = None

You can use method name:

>>> df = bpd.DataFrame({'angles': [0, 3, 4],
...        'degrees': [360, 180, 360]},
...       index=['circle', 'triangle', 'rectangle'])
>>> df["degrees"].ne(360)
circle       False
triangle      True
rectangle    False
Name: degrees, dtype: boolean

You can also use arithmetic operator !=:

>>> df["degrees"] != 360
circle       False
triangle      True
rectangle    False
Name: degrees, dtype: boolean

Parameters
Name	Description
other	scalar, sequence, Series, or DataFrame Any single or multiple element data structure, or list-like object.
axis	{0 or 'index', 1 or 'columns'}, default 'columns' Whether to compare by the index (0 or 'index') or columns (1 or 'columns').

Returns
Type	Description
DataFrame	Result of the comparison.

nlargest

nlargest(
    n: int,
    columns: typing.Union[typing.Hashable, typing.Sequence[typing.Hashable]],
    keep: str = "first",
) -> bigframes.dataframe.DataFrame

Return the first n rows ordered by columns in descending order.

Return the first n rows with the largest values in columns, in descending order. The columns that are not specified are returned as well, but not used for ordering.

This method is equivalent to df.sort_values(columns, ascending=False).head(n), but more performant.

Examples:

>>> import bigframes.pandas as bpd
>>> bpd.options.display.progress_bar = None

>>> df = bpd.DataFrame({"A": [1, 1, 3, 3, 5, 5],
...                     "B": [5, 6, 3, 4, 1, 2],
...                     "C": ['a', 'b', 'a', 'b', 'a', 'b']})
>>> df
    A       B       C
0   1       5       a
1   1       6       b
2   3       3       a
3   3       4       b
4   5       1       a
5   5       2       b
<BLANKLINE>
[6 rows x 3 columns]

Returns rows with the largest value in 'A', including all ties:

>>> df.nlargest(1, 'A', keep = "all")
    A       B       C
4   5       1       a
5   5       2       b
<BLANKLINE>
[2 rows x 3 columns]

Returns the first row with the largest value in 'A', default behavior in case of ties:

>>> df.nlargest(1, 'A')
    A       B       C
4   5       1       a
<BLANKLINE>
[1 rows x 3 columns]

Returns the last row with the largest value in 'A' in case of ties:

>>> df.nlargest(1, 'A', keep = "last")
    A       B       C
5   5       2       b
<BLANKLINE>
[1 rows x 3 columns]

Returns the row with the largest combined values in both 'A' and 'C':

>>> df.nlargest(1, ['A', 'C'])
    A       B       C
5   5       2       b
<BLANKLINE>
[1 rows x 3 columns]

Parameters
Name	Description
n	int Number of rows to return.
columns	label or list of labels Column label(s) to order by.
keep	{'first', 'last', 'all'}, default 'first' Where there are duplicate values: - first : prioritize the first occurrence(s) - last : prioritize the last occurrence(s) - all : do not drop any duplicates, even it means selecting more than n items.

Returns
Type	Description
DataFrame .. note:: This function cannot be used with all column types. For example, when specifying columns with object or category dtypes, TypeError is raised.	The first n rows ordered by the given columns in descending order.

notna

notna() -> bigframes.dataframe.DataFrame

Detect existing (non-missing) values.

Return a boolean same-sized object indicating if the values are not NA. Non-missing values get mapped to True. Characters such as empty strings '' or numpy.inf are not considered NA values. NA values get mapped to False values.

Returns
Type	Description
NDFrame	Mask of bool values for each element that indicates whether an element is not an NA value.

notnull

notnull() -> bigframes.dataframe.DataFrame

Detect existing (non-missing) values.

Return a boolean same-sized object indicating if the values are not NA. Non-missing values get mapped to True. Characters such as empty strings '' or numpy.inf are not considered NA values. NA values get mapped to False values.

Returns
Type	Description
NDFrame	Mask of bool values for each element that indicates whether an element is not an NA value.

nsmallest

nsmallest(
    n: int,
    columns: typing.Union[typing.Hashable, typing.Sequence[typing.Hashable]],
    keep: str = "first",
) -> bigframes.dataframe.DataFrame

Return the first n rows ordered by columns in ascending order.

Return the first n rows with the smallest values in columns, in ascending order. The columns that are not specified are returned as well, but not used for ordering.

This method is equivalent to df.sort_values(columns, ascending=True).head(n), but more performant.

Examples:

>>> import bigframes.pandas as bpd
>>> bpd.options.display.progress_bar = None

>>> df = bpd.DataFrame({"A": [1, 1, 3, 3, 5, 5],
...                     "B": [5, 6, 3, 4, 1, 2],
...                     "C": ['a', 'b', 'a', 'b', 'a', 'b']})
>>> df
    A       B       C
0   1       5       a
1   1       6       b
2   3       3       a
3   3       4       b
4   5       1       a
5   5       2       b
<BLANKLINE>
[6 rows x 3 columns]

Returns rows with the smallest value in 'A', including all ties:

>>> df.nsmallest(1, 'A', keep = "all")
    A       B       C
0   1       5       a
1   1       6       b
<BLANKLINE>
[2 rows x 3 columns]

Returns the first row with the smallest value in 'A', default behavior in case of ties:

>>> df.nsmallest(1, 'A')
    A       B       C
0   1       5       a
<BLANKLINE>
[1 rows x 3 columns]

Returns the last row with the smallest value in 'A' in case of ties:

>>> df.nsmallest(1, 'A', keep = "last")
    A       B       C
1   1       6       b
<BLANKLINE>
[1 rows x 3 columns]

Returns rows with the smallest values in 'A' and 'C'

>>> df.nsmallest(1, ['A', 'C'])
    A       B       C
0   1       5       a
<BLANKLINE>
[1 rows x 3 columns]

Parameters
Name	Description
n	int Number of rows to return.
columns	label or list of labels Column label(s) to order by.
keep	{'first', 'last', 'all'}, default 'first' Where there are duplicate values: - first : prioritize the first occurrence(s) - last : prioritize the last occurrence(s) - all : do not drop any duplicates, even it means selecting more than n items.

Returns
Type	Description
DataFrame .. note:: This function cannot be used with all column types. For example, when specifying columns with object or category dtypes, TypeError is raised.	The first n rows ordered by the given columns in ascending order.

nunique

nunique() -> bigframes.series.Series

Count number of distinct elements in each column.

Examples:

>>> import bigframes.pandas as bpd
>>> bpd.options.display.progress_bar = None

>>> df = bpd.DataFrame({"A": [3, 1, 2], "B": [1, 2, 2]})
>>> df
    A       B
0   3       1
1   1       2
2   2       2
<BLANKLINE>
[3 rows x 2 columns]

>>> df.nunique()
A    3.0
B    2.0
dtype: Float64

Returns
Type	Description
bigframes.series.Series	Series with number of distinct elements.

pct_change

pct_change(periods: int = 1) -> bigframes.dataframe.DataFrame

Fractional change between the current and a prior element.

Computes the fractional change from the immediately previous row by default. This is useful in comparing the fraction of change in a time series of elements.

Note: Despite the name of this method, it calculates fractional change (also known as per unit change or relative change) and not percentage change. If you need the percentage change, multiply these values by 100.

Parameter
Name	Description
periods	int, default 1 Periods to shift for forming percent change.

Returns
Type	Description
Series or DataFrame	The same type as the calling object.

peek

peek(n: int = 5, *, force: bool = False) -> pandas.core.frame.DataFrame

Preview n arbitrary rows from the dataframe. No guarantees about row selection or ordering. DataFrame.peek(force=False) will always be very fast, but will not succeed if data requires full data scanning. Using force=True will always succeed, but may be perform expensive computations.

Parameters
Name	Description
n	int, default 5 The number of rows to select from the dataframe. Which N rows are returned is non-deterministic.
force	bool, default False If the data cannot be peeked efficiently, the dataframe will instead be fully materialized as part of the operation if force=True. If force=False, the operation will throw a ValueError.

Exceptions
Type	Description
ValueError	If force=False and data cannot be efficiently peeked.

Returns
Type	Description
pandas.DataFrame	A pandas DataFrame with n rows.

pivot

pivot(
    *,
    columns: typing.Union[typing.Hashable, typing.Sequence[typing.Hashable]],
    index: typing.Optional[
        typing.Union[typing.Hashable, typing.Sequence[typing.Hashable]]
    ] = None,
    values: typing.Optional[
        typing.Union[typing.Hashable, typing.Sequence[typing.Hashable]]
    ] = None
) -> bigframes.dataframe.DataFrame

Return reshaped DataFrame organized by given index / column values.

Reshape data (produce a "pivot" table) based on column values. Uses unique values from specified index / columns to form axes of the resulting DataFrame. This function does not support data aggregation, multiple values will result in a MultiIndex in the columns.

Note: BigQuery supports up to 10000 columns. Pivot operations on columns with too many unique values will fail if they would exceed this limit.

Note: The validity of the pivot operation is not checked. If columns and index do not together uniquely identify input rows, the output will be silently non-deterministic.

Examples:

>>> import bigframes.pandas as bpd
>>> bpd.options.display.progress_bar = None

>>> df = bpd.DataFrame({
...     "foo": ["one", "one", "one", "two", "two"],
...     "bar": ["A", "B", "C", "A", "B"],
...     "baz": [1, 2, 3, 4, 5],
...     "zoo": ['x', 'y', 'z', 'q', 'w']
... })

>>> df
    foo     bar     baz     zoo
0   one       A       1       x
1   one       B       2       y
2   one       C       3       z
3   two       A       4       q
4   two       B       5       w
<BLANKLINE>
[5 rows x 4 columns]

Using pivot without optional arguments:

>>> df.pivot(columns='foo')
        bar             baz             zoo
foo  one     two     one     two     one     two
0      A    <NA>       1    <NA>       x    <NA>
1      B    <NA>       2    <NA>       y    <NA>
2      C    <NA>       3    <NA>       z    <NA>
3   <NA>       A    <NA>       4    <NA>       q
4   <NA>       B    <NA>       5    <NA>       w
<BLANKLINE>
[5 rows x 6 columns]

Using pivot with index and values:

>>> df.pivot(columns='foo', index='bar', values='baz')
foo     one     two
bar
A       1         4
B       2         5
C       3      <NA>
<BLANKLINE>
[3 rows x 2 columns]

Parameters
Name	Description
columns	str or object or a list of str Column to use to make new frame's columns.
index	str or object or a list of str, optional Column to use to make new frame's index. If not given, uses existing index.
values	str, object or a list of the previous, optional Column(s) to use for populating new frame's values. If not specified, all remaining columns will be used and the result will have hierarchically indexed columns.

Returns
Type	Description
DataFrame	Returns reshaped DataFrame.

pow

pow(
    other: int | bigframes.series.Series, axis: str | int = "columns"
) -> bigframes.dataframe.DataFrame

Get Exponential power of dataframe and other, element-wise (binary operator **).

Equivalent to dataframe ** other, but with support to substitute a fill_value for missing data in one of the inputs. With reverse version, rpow.

Among flexible wrappers (add, sub, mul, div, mod, pow) to arithmetic operators: +, -, *, /, //, %, **.

Note: Mismatched indices will be unioned together.

Examples:

>>> import bigframes.pandas as bpd
>>> bpd.options.display.progress_bar = None

>>> df = bpd.DataFrame({
...     'A': [1, 2, 3],
...     'B': [4, 5, 6],
...     })

You can use method name:

>>> df['A'].pow(df['B'])
0      1
1     32
2    729
dtype: Int64

You can also use arithmetic operator **:

>>> df['A'] ** (df['B'])
0      1
1     32
2    729
dtype: Int64

Parameters
Name	Description
other	float, int, or Series Any single or multiple element data structure, or list-like object.
axis	{0 or 'index', 1 or 'columns'} Whether to compare by the index (0 or 'index') or columns. (1 or 'columns'). For Series input, axis to match Series index on.

Returns
Type	Description
DataFrame	DataFrame result of the arithmetic operation.

prod

prod(
    axis: typing.Union[str, int] = 0, *, numeric_only: bool = False
) -> bigframes.series.Series

Return the product of the values over the requested axis.

Examples:

>>> import bigframes.pandas as bpd
>>> bpd.options.display.progress_bar = None

>>> df = bpd.DataFrame({"A": [1, 2, 3], "B": [4.5, 5.5, 6.5]})
>>> df
    A    B
0   1  4.5
1   2  5.5
2   3  6.5
<BLANKLINE>
[3 rows x 2 columns]

Calculating the product of each column(the default behavior without an explicit axis parameter):

>>> df.prod()
A        6.0
B    160.875
dtype: Float64

Calculating the product of each row:

>>> df.prod(axis=1)
0     4.5
1    11.0
2    19.5
dtype: Float64

Parameters
Name	Description
axis	{index (0), columns (1)} Axis for the function to be applied on. For Series this parameter is unused and defaults to 0.
numeric_only	bool. default False Include only float, int, boolean columns.

Returns
Type	Description
bigframes.series.Series	Series with the product of the values.

product

product(
    axis: typing.Union[str, int] = 0, *, numeric_only: bool = False
) -> bigframes.series.Series

API documentation for product method.

radd

radd(
    other: float | int | bigframes.series.Series | bigframes.dataframe.DataFrame,
    axis: str | int = "columns",
) -> bigframes.dataframe.DataFrame

API documentation for radd method.

rank

rank(
    axis=0,
    method: str = "average",
    numeric_only=False,
    na_option: str = "keep",
    ascending=True,
) -> bigframes.dataframe.DataFrame

Compute numerical data ranks (1 through n) along axis.

By default, equal values are assigned a rank that is the average of the ranks of those values.

Parameters
Name	Description
method	{'average', 'min', 'max', 'first', 'dense'}, default 'average' How to rank the group of records that have the same value (i.e. ties): average: average rank of the group, min: lowest rank in the group max: highest rank in the group, first: ranks assigned in order they appear in the array, dense`: like 'min', but rank always increases by 1 between groups.
numeric_only	bool, default False For DataFrame objects, rank only numeric columns if set to True.
na_option	{'keep', 'top', 'bottom'}, default 'keep' How to rank NaN values: keep: assign NaN rank to NaN values, , top: assign lowest rank to NaN values, bottom: assign highest rank to NaN values.
ascending	bool, default True Whether or not the elements should be ranked in ascending order.

Returns
Type	Description
same type as caller	Return a Series or DataFrame with data ranks as values.

rdiv

rdiv(
    other: float | int | bigframes.series.Series | bigframes.dataframe.DataFrame,
    axis: str | int = "columns",
) -> bigframes.dataframe.DataFrame

API documentation for rdiv method.

reindex

reindex(
    labels=None,
    *,
    index=None,
    columns=None,
    axis: typing.Optional[typing.Union[str, int]] = None,
    validate: typing.Optional[bool] = None
)

Conform DataFrame to new index with optional filling logic.

Places NA in locations having no value in the previous index. A new object is produced.

Parameters
Name	Description
labels	array-like, optional New labels / index to conform the axis specified by 'axis' to.
index	array-like, optional New labels for the index. Preferably an Index object to avoid duplicating data.
columns	array-like, optional New labels for the columns. Preferably an Index object to avoid duplicating data.
axis	int or str, optional Axis to target. Can be either the axis name ('index', 'columns') or number (0, 1).

Returns
Type	Description
DataFrame	DataFrame with changed index.

reindex_like

reindex_like(
    other: bigframes.dataframe.DataFrame, *, validate: typing.Optional[bool] = None
)

Return an object with matching indices as other object.

Conform the object to the same index on all axes. Optional filling logic, placing Null in locations having no value in the previous index.

Parameter
Name	Description
other	Object of the same data type Its row and column indices are used to define the new indices of this object.

Returns
Type	Description
Series or DataFrame	Same type as caller, but with changed indices on each axis.

rename

rename(
    *, columns: typing.Mapping[typing.Hashable, typing.Hashable]
) -> bigframes.dataframe.DataFrame

Rename columns.

Dict values must be unique (1-to-1). Labels not contained in a dict will be left as-is. Extra labels listed don't throw an error.

Examples:

>>> import bigframes.pandas as bpd
>>> bpd.options.display.progress_bar = None

>>> df = bpd.DataFrame({"A": [1, 2, 3], "B": [4, 5, 6]})
>>> df
   A  B
0  1  4
1  2  5
2  3  6
<BLANKLINE>
[3 rows x 2 columns]

Rename columns using a mapping:

>>> df.rename(columns={"A": "col1", "B": "col2"})
   col1  col2
0     1     4
1     2     5
2     3     6
<BLANKLINE>
[3 rows x 2 columns]

Parameter
Name	Description
columns	Mapping Dict-like from old column labels to new column labels.

Exceptions
Type	Description
KeyError	If any of the labels is not found.

Returns
Type	Description
bigframes.dataframe.DataFrame	DataFrame with the renamed axis labels.

rename_axis

rename_axis(
    mapper: typing.Union[typing.Hashable, typing.Sequence[typing.Hashable]], **kwargs
) -> bigframes.dataframe.DataFrame

Set the name of the axis for the index.

Note: Currently only accepts a single string parameter (the new name of the index).

Returns
Type	Description
bigframes.dataframe.DataFrame	DataFrame with the new index name

reorder_levels

reorder_levels(
    order: typing.Union[typing.Hashable, typing.Sequence[typing.Hashable]],
    axis: int | str = 0,
)

Rearrange index levels using input order. May not drop or duplicate levels.

Parameters
Name	Description
order	list of int or list of str List representing new level order. Reference level by number (position) or by key (label).
axis	{0 or 'index', 1 or 'columns'}, default 0 Where to reorder levels.

Returns
Type	Description
DataFrame	DataFrame of rearranged index.

replace

replace(to_replace: typing.Any, value: typing.Any = None, *, regex: bool = False)

Replace values given in to_replace with value.

Values of the Series/DataFrame are replaced with other values dynamically. This differs from updating with .loc or .iloc, which require you to specify a location to update with some value.

Examples:

>>> import bigframes.pandas as bpd
>>> bpd.options.display.progress_bar = None

>>> df = bpd.DataFrame({
...     'int_col': [1, 1, 2, 3],
...     'string_col': ["a", "b", "c", "b"],
...     })

Using scalar to_replace and value:

>>> df.replace("b", "e")
   int_col string_col
0        1          a
1        1          e
2        2          c
3        3          e
<BLANKLINE>
[4 rows x 2 columns]

Using dictionary:

>>> df.replace({"a": "e", 2: 5})
   int_col string_col
0        1          e
1        1          b
2        5          c
3        3          b
<BLANKLINE>
[4 rows x 2 columns]

Using regex:

>>> df.replace("[ab]", "e", regex=True)
   int_col string_col
0        1          e
1        1          e
2        2          c
3        3          e
<BLANKLINE>
[4 rows x 2 columns]

Parameters
Name	Description
to_replace	str, regex, list, int, float or None How to find the values that will be replaced. numeric: numeric values equal to to_replace will be replaced with value str: string exactly matching to_replace will be replaced with value regex: regexs matching to_replace will be replaced withvalue list of str, regex, or numeric: First, if to_replace and value are both lists, they must be the same length. Second, if regex=True then all of the strings in both lists will be interpreted as regexs otherwise they will match directly. This doesn't matter much for value since there are only a few possible substitution regexes you can use. str, regex and numeric rules apply as above.
value	scalar, default None Value to replace any values matching to_replace with. For a DataFrame a dict of values can be used to specify which value to use for each column (columns not in the dict will not be filled). Regular expressions, strings and lists or dicts of such objects are also allowed.
regex	bool, default False Whether to interpret to_replace and/or value as regular expressions. If this is True then to_replace must be a string.

Returns
Type	Description
Series/DataFrame	Object after replacement.

reset_index

reset_index(*, drop: bool = False) -> bigframes.dataframe.DataFrame

Reset the index.

Reset the index of the DataFrame, and use the default one instead.

Examples:

>>> import bigframes.pandas as bpd
>>> bpd.options.display.progress_bar = None

>>> import numpy as np
>>> df = bpd.DataFrame([('bird', 389.0),
...                     ('bird', 24.0),
...                     ('mammal', 80.5),
...                     ('mammal', np.nan)],
...                    index=['falcon', 'parrot', 'lion', 'monkey'],
...                    columns=('class', 'max_speed'))
>>> df
         class  max_speed
falcon    bird      389.0
parrot    bird       24.0
lion    mammal       80.5
monkey  mammal       <NA>
<BLANKLINE>
[4 rows x 2 columns]

When we reset the index, the old index is added as a column, and a new sequential index is used:

>>> df.reset_index()
    index   class  max_speed
0  falcon    bird      389.0
1  parrot    bird       24.0
2    lion  mammal       80.5
3  monkey  mammal       <NA>
<BLANKLINE>
[4 rows x 3 columns]

We can use the drop parameter to avoid the old index being added as a column:

>>> df.reset_index(drop=True)
    class  max_speed
0    bird      389.0
1    bird       24.0
2  mammal       80.5
3  mammal       <NA>
<BLANKLINE>
[4 rows x 2 columns]

You can also use reset_index with MultiIndex.

>>> import pandas as pd
>>> index = pd.MultiIndex.from_tuples([('bird', 'falcon'),
...                                    ('bird', 'parrot'),
...                                    ('mammal', 'lion'),
...                                    ('mammal', 'monkey')],
...                                   names=['class', 'name'])
>>> columns = ['speed', 'max']
>>> df = bpd.DataFrame([(389.0, 'fly'),
...                     (24.0, 'fly'),
...                     (80.5, 'run'),
...                     (np.nan, 'jump')],
...                    index=index,
...                    columns=columns)
>>> df
               speed   max
class  name
bird   falcon  389.0   fly
       parrot   24.0   fly
mammal lion     80.5   run
       monkey   <NA>  jump
<BLANKLINE>
[4 rows x 2 columns]

>>> df.reset_index()
    class    name  speed   max
0    bird  falcon  389.0   fly
1    bird  parrot   24.0   fly
2  mammal    lion   80.5   run
3  mammal  monkey   <NA>  jump
<BLANKLINE>
[4 rows x 4 columns]

>>> df.reset_index(drop=True)
   speed   max
0  389.0   fly
1   24.0   fly
2   80.5   run
3   <NA>  jump
<BLANKLINE>
[4 rows x 2 columns]

Parameter
Name	Description
drop	bool, default False Do not try to insert index into dataframe columns. This resets the index to the default integer index.

Returns
Type	Description
bigframes.dataframe.DataFrame	DataFrame with the new index.

rfloordiv

rfloordiv(
    other: float | int | bigframes.series.Series | bigframes.dataframe.DataFrame,
    axis: str | int = "columns",
) -> bigframes.dataframe.DataFrame

Get integer division of DataFrame and other, element-wise (binary operator //).

Equivalent to other // dataframe. With reverse version, rfloordiv.

Among flexible wrappers (add, sub, mul, div, mod, pow) to arithmetic operators: +, -, *, /, //, %, **.

Note: Mismatched indices will be unioned together.

Examples:

>>> import bigframes.pandas as bpd
>>> bpd.options.display.progress_bar = None

>>> df = bpd.DataFrame({
...     'A': [1, 2, 3],
...     'B': [4, 5, 6],
...     })
>>> df['A'].rfloordiv(df['B'])
0    4
1    2
2    2
dtype: Int64

It's equivalent to using arithmetic operator: //:

>>> df['B'] // (df['A'])
0    4
1    2
2    2
dtype: Int64

Parameters
Name	Description
other	float, int, or Series Any single or multiple element data structure, or list-like object.
axis	{0 or 'index', 1 or 'columns'} Whether to compare by the index (0 or 'index') or columns. (1 or 'columns'). For Series input, axis to match Series index on.

Returns
Type	Description
DataFrame	DataFrame result of the arithmetic operation.

rmod

rmod(
    other: int | bigframes.series.Series | bigframes.dataframe.DataFrame,
    axis: str | int = "columns",
) -> bigframes.dataframe.DataFrame

Get modulo of DataFrame and other, element-wise (binary operator %).

Equivalent to other % dataframe. With reverse version, mod.

Among flexible wrappers (add, sub, mul, div, mod, pow) to arithmetic operators: +, -, *, /, //, %, **.

Note: Mismatched indices will be unioned together.

Examples:

>>> import bigframes.pandas as bpd
>>> bpd.options.display.progress_bar = None

>>> df = bpd.DataFrame({
...     'A': [1, 2, 3],
...     'B': [4, 5, 6],
...     })
>>> df['A'].rmod(df['B'])
0    0
1    1
2    0
dtype: Int64

It's equivalent to using arithmetic operator: %:

>>> df['B'] % (df['A'])
0    0
1    1
2    0
dtype: Int64

Parameters
Name	Description
other	float, int, or Series Any single or multiple element data structure, or list-like object.
axis	{0 or 'index', 1 or 'columns'} Whether to compare by the index (0 or 'index') or columns. (1 or 'columns'). For Series input, axis to match Series index on.

Returns
Type	Description
DataFrame	DataFrame result of the arithmetic operation.

rmul

rmul(
    other: float | int | bigframes.series.Series | bigframes.dataframe.DataFrame,
    axis: str | int = "columns",
) -> bigframes.dataframe.DataFrame

API documentation for rmul method.

rolling

rolling(window: int, min_periods=None) -> bigframes.core.window.Window

Provide rolling window calculations.

Parameters
Name	Description
window	int, timedelta, str, offset, or BaseIndexer subclass Size of the moving window. If an integer, the fixed number of observations used for each window. If a timedelta, str, or offset, the time period of each window. Each window will be a variable sized based on the observations included in the time-period. This is only valid for datetime-like indexes. To learn more about the offsets & frequency strings, please see this link https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/user_guide/timeseries.html#offset-aliases__. If a BaseIndexer subclass, the window boundaries based on the defined get_window_bounds method. Additional rolling keyword arguments, namely min_periods, center, closed and step will be passed to get_window_bounds.
min_periods	int, default None Minimum number of observations in window required to have a value; otherwise, result is np.nan. For a window that is specified by an offset, min_periods will default to 1. For a window that is specified by an integer, min_periods will default to the size of the window.

Returns
Type	Description
bigframes.core.window.Window	Window subclass if a win_type is passed. Rolling subclass if win_type is not passed.

rpow

rpow(
    other: int | bigframes.series.Series, axis: str | int = "columns"
) -> bigframes.dataframe.DataFrame

Get Exponential power of dataframe and other, element-wise (binary operator rpow).

Equivalent to other ** dataframe, but with support to substitute a fill_value for missing data in one of the inputs. With reverse version, pow.

Among flexible wrappers (add, sub, mul, div, mod, pow) to arithmetic operators: +, -, *, /, //, %, **.

Note: Mismatched indices will be unioned together.

Examples:

>>> import bigframes.pandas as bpd
>>> bpd.options.display.progress_bar = None

>>> df = bpd.DataFrame({
...     'A': [1, 2, 3],
...     'B': [4, 5, 6],
...     })
>>> df['A'].rpow(df['B'])
0      4
1     25
2    216
dtype: Int64

It's equivalent to using arithmetic operator: **:

>>> df['B'] ** (df['A'])
0      4
1     25
2    216
dtype: Int64

Parameters
Name	Description
other	float, int, or Series Any single or multiple element data structure, or list-like object.
axis	{0 or 'index', 1 or 'columns'} Whether to compare by the index (0 or 'index') or columns. (1 or 'columns'). For Series input, axis to match Series index on.

Returns
Type	Description
DataFrame	DataFrame result of the arithmetic operation.

rsub

rsub(
    other: float | int | bigframes.series.Series | bigframes.dataframe.DataFrame,
    axis: str | int = "columns",
) -> bigframes.dataframe.DataFrame

Get subtraction of DataFrame and other, element-wise (binary operator -).

Equivalent to other - dataframe. With reverse version, sub.

Among flexible wrappers (add, sub, mul, div, mod, pow) to arithmetic operators: +, -, *, /, //, %, **.

Note: Mismatched indices will be unioned together.

Examples:

>>> import bigframes.pandas as bpd
>>> bpd.options.display.progress_bar = None

>>> df = bpd.DataFrame({
...     'A': [1, 2, 3],
...     'B': [4, 5, 6],
...     })
>>> df['A'].rsub(df['B'])
0    3
1    3
2    3
dtype: Int64

It's equivalent to using arithmetic operator: -:

>>> df['B'] - (df['A'])
0    3
1    3
2    3
dtype: Int64

Parameters
Name	Description
other	float, int, or Series Any single or multiple element data structure, or list-like object.
axis	{0 or 'index', 1 or 'columns'} Whether to compare by the index (0 or 'index') or columns. (1 or 'columns'). For Series input, axis to match Series index on.

Returns
Type	Description
DataFrame	DataFrame result of the arithmetic operation.

rtruediv

rtruediv(
    other: float | int | bigframes.series.Series | bigframes.dataframe.DataFrame,
    axis: str | int = "columns",
) -> bigframes.dataframe.DataFrame

Get floating division of DataFrame and other, element-wise (binary operator /).

Equivalent to other / dataframe. With reverse version, truediv.

Among flexible wrappers (add, sub, mul, div, mod, pow) to arithmetic operators: +, -, *, /, //, %, **.

Note: Mismatched indices will be unioned together.

Examples:

>>> import bigframes.pandas as bpd
>>> bpd.options.display.progress_bar = None

>>> df = bpd.DataFrame({
...     'A': [1, 2, 3],
...     'B': [4, 5, 6],
...     })
>>> df['A'].rtruediv(df['B'])
0    4.0
1    2.5
2    2.0
dtype: Float64

It's equivalent to using arithmetic operator: /:

>>> df['B'] / (df['A'])
0    4.0
1    2.5
2    2.0
dtype: Float64

Parameters
Name	Description
other	float, int, or Series Any single or multiple element data structure, or list-like object.
axis	{0 or 'index', 1 or 'columns'} Whether to compare by the index (0 or 'index') or columns. (1 or 'columns'). For Series input, axis to match Series index on.

Returns
Type	Description
DataFrame	DataFrame result of the arithmetic operation.

sample

sample(
    n: typing.Optional[int] = None,
    frac: typing.Optional[float] = None,
    *,
    random_state: typing.Optional[int] = None
) -> bigframes.dataframe.DataFrame

Return a random sample of items from an axis of object.

You can use random_state for reproducibility.

Examples:

>>> import bigframes.pandas as bpd
>>> bpd.options.display.progress_bar = None

>>> df = bpd.DataFrame({'num_legs': [2, 4, 8, 0],
...                     'num_wings': [2, 0, 0, 0],
...                     'num_specimen_seen': [10, 2, 1, 8]},
...                    index=['falcon', 'dog', 'spider', 'fish'])
>>> df
        num_legs  num_wings  num_specimen_seen
falcon         2          2                 10
dog            4          0                  2
spider         8          0                  1
fish           0          0                  8
<BLANKLINE>
[4 rows x 3 columns]

Fetch one random row from the DataFrame (Note that we use random_state to ensure reproducibility of the examples):

>>> df.sample(random_state=1)
     num_legs  num_wings  num_specimen_seen
dog         4          0                  2
<BLANKLINE>
[1 rows x 3 columns]

A random 50% sample of the DataFrame:

>>> df.sample(frac=0.5, random_state=1)
      num_legs  num_wings  num_specimen_seen
dog          4          0                  2
fish         0          0                  8
<BLANKLINE>
[2 rows x 3 columns]

Extract 3 random elements from the Series df['num_legs']:

>>> s = df['num_legs']
>>> s.sample(n=3, random_state=1)
dog       4
fish      0
spider    8
Name: num_legs, dtype: Int64

Parameters
Name	Description
n	Optional[int], default None Number of items from axis to return. Cannot be used with frac. Default = 1 if frac = None.
frac	Optional[float], default None Fraction of axis items to return. Cannot be used with n.
random_state	Optional[int], default None Seed for random number generator.

select_dtypes

select_dtypes(include=None, exclude=None) -> bigframes.dataframe.DataFrame

Return a subset of the DataFrame's columns based on the column dtypes.

Examples:

>>> import bigframes.pandas as bpd
>>> bpd.options.display.progress_bar = None

>>> df = bpd.DataFrame({'col1': [1, 2], 'col2': ["hello", "world"], 'col3': [True, False]})
>>> df.select_dtypes(include=['Int64'])
   col1
0     1
1     2
<BLANKLINE>
[2 rows x 1 columns]

>>> df.select_dtypes(exclude=['Int64'])
    col2   col3
0  hello   True
1  world  False
<BLANKLINE>
[2 rows x 2 columns]

Parameters
Name	Description
include	scalar or list-like A selection of dtypes or strings to be included.
exclude	scalar or list-like A selection of dtypes or strings to be excluded.

Returns
Type	Description
DataFrame	The subset of the frame including the dtypes in include and excluding the dtypes in exclude.

set_index

set_index(
    keys: typing.Union[typing.Hashable, typing.Sequence[typing.Hashable]],
    append: bool = False,
    drop: bool = True,
) -> bigframes.dataframe.DataFrame

Set the DataFrame index using existing columns.

Set the DataFrame index (row labels) using one existing column. The index can replace the existing index.

Examples:

>>> import bigframes.pandas as bpd
>>> bpd.options.display.progress_bar = None

>>> df = bpd.DataFrame({'month': [1, 4, 7, 10],
...                     'year': [2012, 2014, 2013, 2014],
...                     'sale': [55, 40, 84, 31]})
>>> df
   month  year  sale
0      1  2012    55
1      4  2014    40
2      7  2013    84
3     10  2014    31
<BLANKLINE>
[4 rows x 3 columns]

Set the 'month' column to become the index:

>>> df.set_index('month')
       year  sale
month
1      2012    55
4      2014    40
7      2013    84
10     2014    31
<BLANKLINE>
[4 rows x 2 columns]

Create a MultiIndex using columns 'year' and 'month':

>>> df.set_index(['year', 'month'])
            sale
year month
2012 1        55
2014 4        40
2013 7        84
2014 10       31
<BLANKLINE>
[4 rows x 1 columns]

Returns
Type	Description
DataFrame	Changed row labels.

shift

shift(periods: int = 1) -> bigframes.dataframe.DataFrame

Shift index by desired number of periods.

Shifts the index without realigning the data.

Returns
Type	Description
NDFrame	Copy of input object, shifted.

skew

skew(*, numeric_only: bool = False)

Return unbiased skew over columns.

Normalized by N-1.

Examples:

>>> import bigframes.pandas as bpd
>>> bpd.options.display.progress_bar = None

>>> df = bpd.DataFrame({'A': [1, 2, 3, 4, 5],
...                    'B': [5, 4, 3, 2, 1],
...                    'C': [2, 2, 3, 2, 2]})
>>> df
    A       B       C
0   1       5       2
1   2       4       2
2   3       3       3
3   4       2       2
4   5       1       2
<BLANKLINE>
[5 rows x 3 columns]

Calculating the skewness of each column.

>>> df.skew()
A         0.0
B         0.0
C    2.236068
dtype: Float64

Parameter
Name	Description
numeric_only	bool, default False Include only float, int, boolean columns.

Returns
Type	Description
Series	Series.

sort_index

sort_index(
    ascending: bool = True, na_position: typing.Literal["first", "last"] = "last"
) -> bigframes.dataframe.DataFrame

Sort object by labels (along an axis).

Returns
Type	Description
DataFrame	The original DataFrame sorted by the labels.

sort_values

sort_values(
    by: typing.Union[str, typing.Sequence[str]],
    *,
    ascending: typing.Union[bool, typing.Sequence[bool]] = True,
    kind: str = "quicksort",
    na_position: typing.Literal["first", "last"] = "last"
) -> bigframes.dataframe.DataFrame

Sort by the values along row axis.

Examples:

>>> import bigframes.pandas as bpd
>>> bpd.options.display.progress_bar = None

>>> df = bpd.DataFrame({
...     'col1': ['A', 'A', 'B', bpd.NA, 'D', 'C'],
...     'col2': [2, 1, 9, 8, 7, 4],
...     'col3': [0, 1, 9, 4, 2, 3],
...     'col4': ['a', 'B', 'c', 'D', 'e', 'F']
... })
>>> df
   col1  col2  col3 col4
0     A     2     0    a
1     A     1     1    B
2     B     9     9    c
3  <NA>     8     4    D
4     D     7     2    e
5     C     4     3    F
<BLANKLINE>
[6 rows x 4 columns]

Sort by col1:

>>> df.sort_values(by=['col1'])
   col1  col2  col3 col4
0     A     2     0    a
1     A     1     1    B
2     B     9     9    c
5     C     4     3    F
4     D     7     2    e
3  <NA>     8     4    D
<BLANKLINE>
[6 rows x 4 columns]

Sort by multiple columns:

>>> df.sort_values(by=['col1', 'col2'])
   col1  col2  col3 col4
1     A     1     1    B
0     A     2     0    a
2     B     9     9    c
5     C     4     3    F
4     D     7     2    e
3  <NA>     8     4    D
<BLANKLINE>
[6 rows x 4 columns]

Sort Descending:

>>> df.sort_values(by='col1', ascending=False)
   col1  col2  col3 col4
4     D     7     2    e
5     C     4     3    F
2     B     9     9    c
0     A     2     0    a
1     A     1     1    B
3  <NA>     8     4    D
<BLANKLINE>
[6 rows x 4 columns]

Putting NAs first:

>>> df.sort_values(by='col1', ascending=False, na_position='first')
   col1  col2  col3 col4
3  <NA>     8     4    D
4     D     7     2    e
5     C     4     3    F
2     B     9     9    c
0     A     2     0    a
1     A     1     1    B
<BLANKLINE>
[6 rows x 4 columns]

Parameters
Name	Description
by	str or Sequence[str] Name or list of names to sort by.
ascending	bool or Sequence[bool], default True Sort ascending vs. descending. Specify list for multiple sort orders. If this is a list of bools, must match the length of the by.
kind	str, default 'quicksort' Choice of sorting algorithm. Accepts 'quicksort', 'mergesort', 'heapsort', 'stable'. Ignored except when determining whether to sort stably. 'mergesort' or 'stable' will result in stable reorder.
na_position	{'first', 'last'}, default last {'first', 'last'}, default 'last' Puts NaNs at the beginning if first; last puts NaNs at the end.

Returns
Type	Description
DataFrame	DataFrame with sorted values.

stack

stack(level: typing.Union[typing.Hashable, typing.Sequence[typing.Hashable]] = -1)

Stack the prescribed level(s) from columns to index.

Return a reshaped DataFrame or Series having a multi-level index with one or more new inner-most levels compared to the current DataFrame. The new inner-most levels are created by pivoting the columns of the current dataframe:

• if the columns have a single level, the output is a Series;
• if the columns have multiple levels, the new index level(s) is (are) taken from the prescribed level(s) and the output is a DataFrame.

Note: BigQuery DataFrames does not support stack operations that would combine columns of different dtypes.

Examples:

>>> import bigframes.pandas as bpd
>>> bpd.options.display.progress_bar = None

>>> df = bpd.DataFrame({'A': [1, 3], 'B': [2, 4]}, index=['foo', 'bar'])
>>> df
        A   B
foo     1   2
bar     3   4
<BLANKLINE>
[2 rows x 2 columns]

>>> df.stack()
foo  A    1
     B    2
bar  A    3
     B    4
dtype: Int64

Parameter
Name	Description
level	int, str, or list of these, default -1 (last level) Level(s) to stack from the column axis onto the index axis.

Returns
Type	Description
DataFrame or Series	Stacked dataframe or series.

std

std(
    axis: typing.Union[str, int] = 0, *, numeric_only: bool = False
) -> bigframes.series.Series

Return sample standard deviation over columns.

Normalized by N-1 by default.

Examples:

>>> import bigframes.pandas as bpd
>>> bpd.options.display.progress_bar = None

>>> df = bpd.DataFrame({"A": [1, 2, 3, 4, 5],
...                     "B": [3, 4, 3, 2, 1],
...                     "C": [2, 2, 3, 2, 2]})
>>> df
    A       B       C
0   1       3       2
1   2       4       2
2   3       3       3
3   4       2       2
4   5       1       2
<BLANKLINE>
[5 rows x 3 columns]

Calculating the standard deviation of each column:

>>> df.std()
A    1.581139
B    1.140175
C    0.447214
dtype: Float64

Parameter
Name	Description
numeric_only	bool. default False Default False. Include only float, int, boolean columns.

Returns
Type	Description
bigframes.series.Series	Series with sample standard deviation.

sub

sub(
    other: float | int | bigframes.series.Series | bigframes.dataframe.DataFrame,
    axis: str | int = "columns",
) -> bigframes.dataframe.DataFrame

Get subtraction of DataFrame and other, element-wise (binary operator -).

Equivalent to dataframe - other. With reverse version, rsub.

Among flexible wrappers (add, sub, mul, div, mod, pow) to arithmetic operators: +, -, *, /, //, %, **.

Note: Mismatched indices will be unioned together.

Examples:

>>> import bigframes.pandas as bpd
>>> bpd.options.display.progress_bar = None

>>> df = bpd.DataFrame({
...     'A': [1, 2, 3],
...     'B': [4, 5, 6],
...     })

You can use method name:

>>> df['A'].sub(df['B'])
0    -3
1    -3
2    -3
dtype: Int64

You can also use arithmetic operator -:

>>> df['A'] - (df['B'])
0    -3
1    -3
2    -3
dtype: Int64

Parameters
Name	Description
other	float, int, or Series Any single or multiple element data structure, or list-like object.
axis	{0 or 'index', 1 or 'columns'} Whether to compare by the index (0 or 'index') or columns. (1 or 'columns'). For Series input, axis to match Series index on.

Returns
Type	Description
DataFrame	DataFrame result of the arithmetic operation.

subtract

subtract(
    other: float | int | bigframes.series.Series | bigframes.dataframe.DataFrame,
    axis: str | int = "columns",
) -> bigframes.dataframe.DataFrame

API documentation for subtract method.

sum

sum(
    axis: typing.Union[str, int] = 0, *, numeric_only: bool = False
) -> bigframes.series.Series

Return the sum of the values over the requested axis.

This is equivalent to the method numpy.sum.

Examples:

>>> import bigframes.pandas as bpd
>>> bpd.options.display.progress_bar = None

>>> df = bpd.DataFrame({"A": [1, 3], "B": [2, 4]})
>>> df
    A       B
0   1       2
1   3       4
<BLANKLINE>
[2 rows x 2 columns]

Calculating the sum of each column (the default behavior without an explicit axis parameter).

>>> df.sum()
A    4.0
B    6.0
dtype: Float64

Calculating the sum of each row.

>>> df.sum(axis=1)
0    3.0
1    7.0
dtype: Float64

Parameters
Name	Description
axis	{index (0), columns (1)} Axis for the function to be applied on. For Series this parameter is unused and defaults to 0.
numeric_only	bool. default False Default False. Include only float, int, boolean columns.

Returns
Type	Description
bigframes.series.Series	Series with the sum of values.

swaplevel

swaplevel(i: int = -2, j: int = -1, axis: int | str = 0)

Swap levels i and j in a MultiIndex.

Default is to swap the two innermost levels of the index.

Parameters
Name	Description
i	int or str Levels of the indices to be swapped. Can pass level name as string.
j	int or str Levels of the indices to be swapped. Can pass level name as string.
axis	{0 or 'index', 1 or 'columns'}, default 0 The axis to swap levels on. 0 or 'index' for row-wise, 1 or 'columns' for column-wise.

Returns
Type	Description
DataFrame	DataFrame with levels swapped in MultiIndex.

tail

tail(n: int = 5) -> bigframes.dataframe.DataFrame

Return the last n rows.

This function returns last n rows from the object based on position. It is useful for quickly verifying data, for example, after sorting or appending rows.

For negative values of n, this function returns all rows except the first |n| rows, equivalent to df[|n|:].

If n is larger than the number of rows, this function returns all rows.

Parameter
Name	Description
n	int, default 5 Number of rows to select.

to_csv

to_csv(
    path_or_buf: str, sep=",", *, header: bool = True, index: bool = True
) -> None

Write object to a comma-separated values (csv) file on Cloud Storage.

Parameters
Name	Description
path_or_buf	str A destination URI of Cloud Storage files(s) to store the extracted dataframe in format of gs://<bucket_name>/<object_name_or_glob>. If the data size is more than 1GB, you must use a wildcard to export the data into multiple files and the size of the files varies. None, file-like objects or local file paths not yet supported.
index	bool, default True If True, write row names (index).

Returns
Type	Description
None	String output not yet supported.

to_dict

to_dict(orient: typing.Literal['dict', 'list', 'series', 'split', 'tight', 'records', 'index'] = 'dict', into: type[dict] = <class 'dict'>, **kwargs) -> dict | list[dict]

Convert the DataFrame to a dictionary.

The type of the key-value pairs can be customized with the parameters (see below).

Examples:

>>> import bigframes.pandas as bpd
>>> bpd.options.display.progress_bar = None

>>> df = bpd.DataFrame({'col1': [1, 2], 'col2': [3, 4]})
>>> df.to_dict()
{'col1': {0: 1, 1: 2}, 'col2': {0: 3, 1: 4}}

You can specify the return orientation.

>>> df.to_dict('series')
{'col1': 0    1
1    2
Name: col1, dtype: Int64,
'col2': 0    3
1    4
Name: col2, dtype: Int64}

>>> df.to_dict('split')
{'index': [0, 1], 'columns': ['col1', 'col2'], 'data': [[1, 3], [2, 4]]}

>>> df.to_dict("tight")
{'index': [0, 1],
'columns': ['col1', 'col2'],
'data': [[1, 3], [2, 4]],
'index_names': [None],
'column_names': [None]}

Parameters
Name	Description
orient	str {'dict', 'list', 'series', 'split', 'tight', 'records', 'index'} Determines the type of the values of the dictionary. 'dict' (default) : dict like {column -> {index -> value}}. 'list' : dict like {column -> [values]}. 'series' : dict like {column -> Series(values)}. split' : dict like {'index' -> [index], 'columns' -> [columns], 'data' -> [values]}. 'tight' : dict like {'index' -> [index], 'columns' -> [columns], 'data' -> [values], 'index_names' -> [index.names], 'column_names' -> [column.names]}. 'records' : list like [{column -> value}, ... , {column -> value}]. 'index' : dict like {index -> {column -> value}}.
into	class, default dict The collections.abc.Mapping subclass used for all Mappings in the return value. Can be the actual class or an empty instance of the mapping type you want. If you want a collections.defaultdict, you must pass it initialized.
index	bool, default True Whether to include the index item (and index_names item if orient is 'tight') in the returned dictionary. Can only be False when orient is 'split' or 'tight'.

Returns
Type	Description
dict or list of dict	Return a collections.abc.Mapping object representing the DataFrame. The resulting transformation depends on the orient parameter.

to_excel

to_excel(excel_writer, sheet_name: str = "Sheet1", **kwargs) -> None

Write DataFrame to an Excel sheet.

To write a single DataFrame to an Excel .xlsx file it is only necessary to specify a target file name. To write to multiple sheets it is necessary to create an ExcelWriter object with a target file name, and specify a sheet in the file to write to.

Multiple sheets may be written to by specifying unique sheet_name. With all data written to the file it is necessary to save the changes. Note that creating an ExcelWriter object with a file name that already exists will result in the contents of the existing file being erased.

Examples:

>>> import bigframes.pandas as bpd
>>> import tempfile
>>> bpd.options.display.progress_bar = None

>>> df = bpd.DataFrame({'col1': [1, 2], 'col2': [3, 4]})
>>> df.to_excel(tempfile.TemporaryFile())

Parameters
Name	Description
excel_writer	path-like, file-like, or ExcelWriter object File path or existing ExcelWriter.
sheet_name	str, default 'Sheet1' Name of sheet which will contain DataFrame.

to_gbq

to_gbq(
    destination_table: typing.Optional[str] = None,
    *,
    if_exists: typing.Optional[typing.Literal["fail", "replace", "append"]] = None,
    index: bool = True,
    ordering_id: typing.Optional[str] = None,
    clustering_columns: typing.Union[
        pandas.core.indexes.base.Index, typing.Iterable[typing.Hashable]
    ] = ()
) -> str

Write a DataFrame to a BigQuery table.

Examples:

>>> import bigframes.pandas as bpd
>>> bpd.options.display.progress_bar = None

Write a DataFrame to a BigQuery table.

>>> df = bpd.DataFrame({'col1': [1, 2], 'col2': [3, 4]})
>>> # destination_table = PROJECT_ID + "." + DATASET_ID + "." + TABLE_NAME
>>> df.to_gbq("bigframes-dev.birds.test-numbers", if_exists="replace")
'bigframes-dev.birds.test-numbers'

Write a DataFrame to a temporary BigQuery table in the anonymous dataset.

>>> df = bpd.DataFrame({'col1': [1, 2], 'col2': [3, 4]})
>>> destination = df.to_gbq(ordering_id="ordering_id")
>>> # The table created can be read outside of the current session.
>>> bpd.close_session()  # For demonstration, only.
>>> bpd.read_gbq(destination, index_col="ordering_id")
             col1  col2
ordering_id
0               1     3
1               2     4
<BLANKLINE>
[2 rows x 2 columns]

Write a DataFrame to a BigQuery table with clustering columns:

df = bpd.DataFrame({'col1': [1, 2], 'col2': [3, 4], 'col3': [5, 6]}) clustering_cols = ['col1', 'col3'] df.to_gbq( ... "bigframes-dev.birds.test-clusters", ... if_exists="replace", ... clustering_columns=clustering_cols, ... ) 'bigframes-dev.birds.test-clusters'

Parameters
Name	Description
destination_table	Optional[str] Name of table to be written, in the form dataset.tablename or project.dataset.tablename. If no destination_table is set, a new temporary table is created in the BigQuery anonymous dataset.
if_exists	Optional[str] Behavior when the destination table exists. When destination_table is set, this defaults to 'fail'. When destination_table is not set, this field is not applicable. A new table is always created. Value can be one of: 'fail' If table exists raise pandas_gbq.gbq.TableCreationError. 'replace' If table exists, drop it, recreate it, and insert data. 'append' If table exists, insert data. Create if does not exist.
index	bool. default True whether write row names (index) or not.
ordering_id	Optional[str], default None If set, write the ordering of the DataFrame as a column in the result table with this name.
clustering_columns	Union[pd.Index, Iterable[Hashable]], default () Specifies the columns for clustering in the BigQuery table. The order of columns in this list is significant for clustering hierarchy. Index columns may be included in clustering if the index parameter is set to True, and their names are specified in this. These index columns, if included, precede DataFrame columns in the clustering order. The clustering order within the Index/DataFrame columns follows the order specified in clustering_columns.

Returns
Type	Description
str	The fully-qualified ID for the written table, in the form project.dataset.tablename.

to_html

to_html(
    buf=None,
    columns: typing.Optional[typing.Sequence[str]] = None,
    col_space=None,
    header: bool = True,
    index: bool = True,
    na_rep: str = "NaN",
    formatters=None,
    float_format=None,
    sparsify: bool | None = None,
    index_names: bool = True,
    justify: str | None = None,
    max_rows: int | None = None,
    max_cols: int | None = None,
    show_dimensions: bool = False,
    decimal: str = ".",
    bold_rows: bool = True,
    classes: str | list | tuple | None = None,
    escape: bool = True,
    notebook: bool = False,
    border: int | None = None,
    table_id: str | None = None,
    render_links: bool = False,
    encoding: str | None = None,
) -> str

Render a DataFrame as an HTML table.

Examples:

>>> import bigframes.pandas as bpd
>>> bpd.options.display.progress_bar = None

>>> df = bpd.DataFrame({'col1': [1, 2], 'col2': [3, 4]})
>>> print(df.to_html())
<table border="1" class="dataframe">
<thead>
    <tr style="text-align: right;">
    <th></th>
    <th>col1</th>
    <th>col2</th>
    </tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
    <tr>
    <th>0</th>
    <td>1</td>
    <td>3</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
    <th>1</th>
    <td>2</td>
    <td>4</td>
    </tr>
</tbody>
</table>

Parameters
Name	Description
buf	str, Path or StringIO-like, optional, default None Buffer to write to. If None, the output is returned as a string.
columns	sequence, optional, default None The subset of columns to write. Writes all columns by default.
col_space	str or int, list or dict of int or str, optional The minimum width of each column in CSS length units. An int is assumed to be px units.
header	bool, optional Whether to print column labels, default True.
index	bool, optional, default True Whether to print index (row) labels.
na_rep	str, optional, default 'NaN' String representation of NAN to use.
formatters	list, tuple or dict of one-param. functions, optional Formatter functions to apply to columns' elements by position or name. The result of each function must be a unicode string. List/tuple must be of length equal to the number of columns.
float_format	one-parameter function, optional, default None Formatter function to apply to columns' elements if they are floats. This function must return a unicode string and will be applied only to the non-NaN elements, with NaN being handled by na_rep.
sparsify	bool, optional, default True Set to False for a DataFrame with a hierarchical index to print every multiindex key at each row.
index_names	bool, optional, default True Prints the names of the indexes.
justify	str, default None How to justify the column labels. If None uses the option from the print configuration (controlled by set_option), 'right' out of the box. Valid values are, 'left', 'right', 'center', 'justify', 'justify-all', 'start', 'end', 'inherit', 'match-parent', 'initial', 'unset'.
max_rows	int, optional Maximum number of rows to display in the console.
max_cols	int, optional Maximum number of columns to display in the console.
show_dimensions	bool, default False Display DataFrame dimensions (number of rows by number of columns).
decimal	str, default '.' Character recognized as decimal separator, e.g. ',' in Europe.
bold_rows	bool, default True Make the row labels bold in the output.
classes	str or list or tuple, default None CSS class(es) to apply to the resulting html table.
escape	bool, default True Convert the characters <, >, and & to HTML-safe sequences.
notebook	bool, default False Whether the generated HTML is for IPython Notebook.
border	int A border=border attribute is included in the opening tag. Default pd.options.display.html.border.
table_id	str, optional A css id is included in the opening tag if specified.
render_links	bool, default False Convert URLs to HTML links.
encoding	str, default "utf-8" Set character encoding.

Returns
Type	Description
str or None	If buf is None, returns the result as a string. Otherwise returns None.

to_json

to_json(
    path_or_buf: str,
    orient: typing.Literal[
        "split", "records", "index", "columns", "values", "table"
    ] = "columns",
    *,
    lines: bool = False,
    index: bool = True
) -> None

Convert the object to a JSON string, written to Cloud Storage.

Note NaN's and None will be converted to null and datetime objects will be converted to UNIX timestamps.

Note: Only orient='records' and lines=True is supported so far.

Parameters
Name	Description
path_or_buf	str A destination URI of Cloud Storage files(s) to store the extracted dataframe in format of gs://<bucket_name>/<object_name_or_glob>. Must contain a wildcard * character. If the data size is more than 1GB, you must use a wildcard to export the data into multiple files and the size of the files varies. None, file-like objects or local file paths not yet supported.
orient	{split, records, index, columns, values, table}, default 'columns Indication of expected JSON string format. * Series: - default is 'index' - allowed values are: {{'split', 'records', 'index', 'table'}}. * DataFrame: - default is 'columns' - allowed values are: {{'split', 'records', 'index', 'columns', 'values', 'table'}}. * The format of the JSON string: - 'split' : dict like {{'index' -> [index], 'columns' -> [columns], 'data' -> [values]}} - 'records' : list like [{{column -> value}}, ... , {{column -> value}}] - 'index' : dict like {{index -> {{column -> value}}}} - 'columns' : dict like {{column -> {{index -> value}}}} - 'values' : just the values array - 'table' : dict like {{'schema': {{schema}}, 'data': {{data}}}} Describing the data, where data component is like orient='records'.
index	bool, default True If True, write row names (index).
lines	bool, default False If 'orient' is 'records' write out line-delimited json format. Will throw ValueError if incorrect 'orient' since others are not list-like.

Returns
Type	Description
None	String output not yet supported.

to_latex

to_latex(
    buf=None,
    columns: typing.Optional[typing.Sequence] = None,
    header: typing.Union[bool, typing.Sequence[str]] = True,
    index: bool = True,
    **kwargs
) -> str | None

Render object to a LaTeX tabular, longtable, or nested table.

Requires \usepackage{{booktabs}}. The output can be copy/pasted into a main LaTeX document or read from an external file with \input{{table.tex}}.

Examples:

>>> import bigframes.pandas as bpd
>>> bpd.options.display.progress_bar = None

>>> df = bpd.DataFrame({'col1': [1, 2], 'col2': [3, 4]})
>>> print(df.to_latex())
\begin{tabular}{lrr}
\toprule
& col1 & col2 \\
\midrule
0 & 1 & 3 \\
1 & 2 & 4 \\
\bottomrule
\end{tabular}
<BLANKLINE>

Parameters
Name	Description
buf	str, Path or StringIO-like, optional, default None Buffer to write to. If None, the output is returned as a string.
columns	list of label, optional The subset of columns to write. Writes all columns by default.
header	bool or list of str, default True Write out the column names. If a list of strings is given, it is assumed to be aliases for the column names.
index	bool, default True Write row names (index).

to_markdown

to_markdown(buf=None, mode: str = "wt", index: bool = True, **kwargs) -> str | None

Print DataFrame in Markdown-friendly format.

Examples:

>>> import bigframes.pandas as bpd
>>> bpd.options.display.progress_bar = None

>>> df = bpd.DataFrame({'col1': [1, 2], 'col2': [3, 4]})
>>> print(df.to_markdown())
|    |   col1 |   col2 |
|---:|-------:|-------:|
|  0 |      1 |      3 |
|  1 |      2 |      4 |

Parameters
Name	Description
buf	str, Path or StringIO-like, optional, default None Buffer to write to. If None, the output is returned as a string.
mode	str, optional Mode in which file is opened.
index	bool, optional, default True Add index (row) labels.

Returns
Type	Description
DataFrame	DataFrame in Markdown-friendly format.

to_numpy

to_numpy(dtype=None, copy=False, na_value=None, **kwargs) -> numpy.ndarray

Convert the DataFrame to a NumPy array.

Examples:

>>> import bigframes.pandas as bpd
>>> bpd.options.display.progress_bar = None

>>> df = bpd.DataFrame({'col1': [1, 2], 'col2': [3, 4]})
>>> df.to_numpy()
array([[1, 3],
       [2, 4]], dtype=object)

Parameters
Name	Description
dtype	None The dtype to pass to numpy.asarray().
copy	bool, default None Whether to ensure that the returned value is not a view on another array.
na_value	Any, default None The value to use for missing values. The default value depends on dtype and the dtypes of the DataFrame columns.

Returns
Type	Description
numpy.ndarray	The converted NumPy array.

to_orc

to_orc(path=None, **kwargs) -> bytes | None

Write a DataFrame to the ORC format.

Examples:

>>> import bigframes.pandas as bpd
>>> bpd.options.display.progress_bar = None

>>> df = bpd.DataFrame({'col1': [1, 2], 'col2': [3, 4]})
>>> import tempfile
>>> df.to_orc(tempfile.TemporaryFile())

Parameter
Name	Description
path	str, file-like object or None, default None If a string, it will be used as Root Directory path when writing a partitioned dataset. By file-like object, we refer to objects with a write() method, such as a file handle (e.g. via builtin open function). If path is None, a bytes object is returned.

to_pandas

to_pandas(
    max_download_size: typing.Optional[int] = None,
    sampling_method: typing.Optional[str] = None,
    random_state: typing.Optional[int] = None,
    *,
    ordered: bool = True
) -> pandas.core.frame.DataFrame

Write DataFrame to pandas DataFrame.

Parameters
Name	Description
max_download_size	int, default None Download size threshold in MB. If max_download_size is exceeded when downloading data (e.g., to_pandas()), the data will be downsampled if bigframes.options.sampling.enable_downsampling is True, otherwise, an error will be raised. If set to a value other than None, this will supersede the global config.
sampling_method	str, default None Downsampling algorithms to be chosen from, the choices are: "head": This algorithm returns a portion of the data from the beginning. It is fast and requires minimal computations to perform the downsampling; "uniform": This algorithm returns uniform random samples of the data. If set to a value other than None, this will supersede the global config.
random_state	int, default None The seed for the uniform downsampling algorithm. If provided, the uniform method may take longer to execute and require more computation. If set to a value other than None, this will supersede the global config.
ordered	bool, default True Determines whether the resulting pandas dataframe will be deterministically ordered. In some cases, unordered may result in a faster-executing query.

Returns
Type	Description
pandas.DataFrame	A pandas DataFrame with all rows and columns of this DataFrame if the data_sampling_threshold_mb is not exceeded; otherwise, a pandas DataFrame with downsampled rows and all columns of this DataFrame.

to_pandas_batches

to_pandas_batches() -> typing.Iterable[pandas.core.frame.DataFrame]

Stream DataFrame results to an iterable of pandas DataFrame

to_parquet

to_parquet(
    path: str,
    *,
    compression: typing.Optional[typing.Literal["snappy", "gzip"]] = "snappy",
    index: bool = True
) -> None

Write a DataFrame to the binary Parquet format.

This function writes the dataframe as a parquet file <https://parquet.apache.org/>_ to Cloud Storage.

Examples:

>>> import bigframes.pandas as bpd
>>> bpd.options.display.progress_bar = None

>>> df = bpd.DataFrame({'col1': [1, 2], 'col2': [3, 4]})
>>> gcs_bucket = "gs://bigframes-dev-testing/sample_parquet*.parquet"
>>> df.to_parquet(path=gcs_bucket)

Parameters
Name	Description
path	str Destination URI(s) of Cloud Storage files(s) to store the extracted dataframe in format of gs://<bucket_name>/<object_name_or_glob>. If the data size is more than 1GB, you must use a wildcard to export the data into multiple files and the size of the files varies.
compression	str, default 'snappy' Name of the compression to use. Use None for no compression. Supported options: 'gzip', 'snappy'.
index	bool, default True If True, include the dataframe's index(es) in the file output. If False, they will not be written to the file.

to_pickle

to_pickle(path, **kwargs) -> None

Pickle (serialize) object to file.

Examples:

>>> import bigframes.pandas as bpd
>>> bpd.options.display.progress_bar = None

>>> df = bpd.DataFrame({'col1': [1, 2], 'col2': [3, 4]})
>>> gcs_bucket = "gs://bigframes-dev-testing/sample_pickle_gcs.pkl"
>>> df.to_pickle(path=gcs_bucket)

Parameter
Name	Description
path	str File path where the pickled object will be stored.

to_records

to_records(
    index: bool = True, column_dtypes=None, index_dtypes=None
) -> numpy.recarray

Convert DataFrame to a NumPy record array.

Index will be included as the first field of the record array if requested.

Examples:

>>> import bigframes.pandas as bpd
>>> bpd.options.display.progress_bar = None

>>> df = bpd.DataFrame({'col1': [1, 2], 'col2': [3, 4]})
>>> df.to_records()
rec.array([(0, 1, 3), (1, 2, 4)],
          dtype=[('index', 'O'), ('col1', 'O'), ('col2', 'O')])

Parameters
Name	Description
index	bool, default True Include index in resulting record array, stored in 'index' field or using the index label, if set.
column_dtypes	str, type, dict, default None If a string or type, the data type to store all columns. If a dictionary, a mapping of column names and indices (zero-indexed) to specific data types.
index_dtypes	str, type, dict, default None If a string or type, the data type to store all index levels. If a dictionary, a mapping of index level names and indices (zero-indexed) to specific data types. This mapping is applied only if index=True.

Returns
Type	Description
np.recarray	NumPy ndarray with the DataFrame labels as fields and each row of the DataFrame as entries.

to_string

to_string(
    buf=None,
    columns: typing.Optional[typing.Sequence[str]] = None,
    col_space=None,
    header: typing.Union[bool, typing.Sequence[str]] = True,
    index: bool = True,
    na_rep: str = "NaN",
    formatters=None,
    float_format=None,
    sparsify: bool | None = None,
    index_names: bool = True,
    justify: str | None = None,
    max_rows: int | None = None,
    max_cols: int | None = None,
    show_dimensions: bool = False,
    decimal: str = ".",
    line_width: int | None = None,
    min_rows: int | None = None,
    max_colwidth: int | None = None,
    encoding: str | None = None,
) -> str | None

Render a DataFrame to a console-friendly tabular output.

Examples:

>>> import bigframes.pandas as bpd
>>> bpd.options.display.progress_bar = None

>>> df = bpd.DataFrame({'col1': [1, 2], 'col2': [3, 4]})
>>> print(df.to_string())
   col1  col2
0     1     3
1     2     4

Parameters
Name	Description
buf	str, Path or StringIO-like, optional, default None Buffer to write to. If None, the output is returned as a string.
columns	sequence, optional, default None The subset of columns to write. Writes all columns by default.
col_space	int, list or dict of int, optional The minimum width of each column.
header	bool or sequence, optional Write out the column names. If a list of strings is given, it is assumed to be aliases for the column names.
index	bool, optional, default True Whether to print index (row) labels.
na_rep	str, optional, default 'NaN' String representation of NAN to use.
formatters	list, tuple or dict of one-param. functions, optional Formatter functions to apply to columns' elements by position or name. The result of each function must be a unicode string. List/tuple must be of length equal to the number of columns.
float_format	one-parameter function, optional, default None Formatter function to apply to columns' elements if they are floats. The result of this function must be a unicode string.
sparsify	bool, optional, default True Set to False for a DataFrame with a hierarchical index to print every multiindex key at each row.
index_names	bool, optional, default True Prints the names of the indexes.
justify	str, default None How to justify the column labels. If None uses the option from the print configuration (controlled by set_option), 'right' out of the box. Valid values are, 'left', 'right', 'center', 'justify', 'justify-all', 'start', 'end', 'inherit', 'match-parent', 'initial', 'unset'.
max_rows	int, optional Maximum number of rows to display in the console.
min_rows	int, optional The number of rows to display in the console in a truncated repr (when number of rows is above max_rows).
max_cols	int, optional Maximum number of columns to display in the console.
show_dimensions	bool, default False Display DataFrame dimensions (number of rows by number of columns).
decimal	str, default '.' Character recognized as decimal separator, e.g. ',' in Europe.
line_width	int, optional Width to wrap a line in characters.
max_colwidth	int, optional Max width to truncate each column in characters. By default, no limit.
encoding	str, default "utf-8" Set character encoding.

Returns
Type	Description
str or None	If buf is None, returns the result as a string. Otherwise returns None.

truediv

truediv(
    other: float | int | bigframes.series.Series | bigframes.dataframe.DataFrame,
    axis: str | int = "columns",
) -> bigframes.dataframe.DataFrame

Get floating division of DataFrame and other, element-wise (binary operator /).

Equivalent to dataframe / other. With reverse version, rtruediv.

Among flexible wrappers (add, sub, mul, div, mod, pow) to arithmetic operators: +, -, *, /, //, %, **.

Note: Mismatched indices will be unioned together.

Examples:

>>> import bigframes.pandas as bpd
>>> bpd.options.display.progress_bar = None

>>> df = bpd.DataFrame({
...     'A': [1, 2, 3],
...     'B': [4, 5, 6],
...     })

You can use method name:

>>> df['A'].truediv(df['B'])
0    0.25
1     0.4
2     0.5
dtype: Float64

You can also use arithmetic operator /:

>>> df['A'] / (df['B'])
0    0.25
1     0.4
2     0.5
dtype: Float64

Parameters
Name	Description
other	float, int, or Series Any single or multiple element data structure, or list-like object.
axis	{0 or 'index', 1 or 'columns'} Whether to compare by the index (0 or 'index') or columns. (1 or 'columns'). For Series input, axis to match Series index on.

Returns
Type	Description
DataFrame	DataFrame result of the arithmetic operation.

unstack

unstack(
    level: typing.Union[typing.Hashable, typing.Sequence[typing.Hashable]] = -1
)

Pivot a level of the (necessarily hierarchical) index labels.

Returns a DataFrame having a new level of column labels whose inner-most level consists of the pivoted index labels.

If the index is not a MultiIndex, the output will be a Series (the analogue of stack when the columns are not a MultiIndex).

Examples:

>>> import bigframes.pandas as bpd
>>> bpd.options.display.progress_bar = None

>>> df = bpd.DataFrame({'A': [1, 3], 'B': [2, 4]}, index=['foo', 'bar'])
>>> df
        A   B
foo     1   2
bar     3   4
<BLANKLINE>
[2 rows x 2 columns]

>>> df.unstack()
A   foo    1
    bar    3
B   foo    2
    bar    4
dtype: Int64

Parameter
Name	Description
level	int, str, or list of these, default -1 (last level) Level(s) of index to unstack, can pass level name.

Returns
Type	Description
DataFrame or Series	DataFrame or Series.

update

update(other, join: str = "left", overwrite=True, filter_func=None)

Modify in place using non-NA values from another DataFrame.

Aligns on indices. There is no return value.

Examples:

>>> import bigframes.pandas as bpd
>>> bpd.options.display.progress_bar = None

>>> df = bpd.DataFrame({'A': [1, 2, 3],
...                    'B': [400, 500, 600]})
>>> new_df = bpd.DataFrame({'B': [4, 5, 6],
...                        'C': [7, 8, 9]})
>>> df.update(new_df)
>>> df
   A  B
0  1  4
1  2  5
2  3  6
<BLANKLINE>
[3 rows x 2 columns]

Parameters
Name	Description
other	DataFrame, or object coercible into a DataFrame Should have at least one matching index/column label with the original DataFrame. If a Series is passed, its name attribute must be set, and that will be used as the column name to align with the original DataFrame.
join	{'left'}, default 'left' Only left join is implemented, keeping the index and columns of the original object.
overwrite	bool, default True How to handle non-NA values for overlapping keys: True: overwrite original DataFrame's values with values from other. False: only update values that are NA in the original DataFrame.
filter_func	callable(1d-array) -> bool 1d-array, optional Can choose to replace values other than NA. Return True for values that should be updated.

Returns
Type	Description
None	This method directly changes calling object.

value_counts

value_counts(
    subset: typing.Union[typing.Hashable, typing.Sequence[typing.Hashable]] = None,
    normalize: bool = False,
    sort: bool = True,
    ascending: bool = False,
    dropna: bool = True,
)

Return a Series containing counts of unique rows in the DataFrame.

Examples:

>>> import bigframes.pandas as bpd
>>> bpd.options.display.progress_bar = None

>>> df = bpd.DataFrame({'num_legs': [2, 4, 4, 6, 7],
...                     'num_wings': [2, 0, 0, 0, bpd.NA]},
...                    index=['falcon', 'dog', 'cat', 'ant', 'octopus'],
...                    dtype='Int64')
>>> df
         num_legs  num_wings
falcon          2          2
dog             4          0
cat             4          0
ant             6          0
octopus         7       <NA>
<BLANKLINE>
[5 rows x 2 columns]

value_counts sorts the result by counts in a descending order by default:

>>> df.value_counts()
num_legs  num_wings
4         0          2
2         2          1
6         0          1
Name: count, dtype: Int64

You can normalize the counts to return relative frequencies by setting normalize=True:

>>> df.value_counts(normalize=True)
num_legs  num_wings
4         0             0.5
2         2            0.25
6         0            0.25
Name: proportion, dtype: Float64

You can get the rows in the ascending order of the counts by setting ascending=True:

>>> df.value_counts(ascending=True)
num_legs  num_wings
2         2          1
6         0          1
4         0          2
Name: count, dtype: Int64

You can include the counts of the rows with NA values by setting dropna=False:

>>> df.value_counts(dropna=False)
num_legs  num_wings
4         0            2
2         2            1
6         0            1
7         <NA>         1
Name: count, dtype: Int64

Parameters
Name	Description
subset	label or list of labels, optional Columns to use when counting unique combinations.
normalize	bool, default False Return proportions rather than frequencies.
sort	bool, default True Sort by frequencies.
ascending	bool, default False Sort in ascending order.
dropna	bool, default True Don’t include counts of rows that contain NA values.

Returns
Type	Description
Series	Series containing counts of unique rows in the DataFrame

var

var(
    axis: typing.Union[str, int] = 0, *, numeric_only: bool = False
) -> bigframes.series.Series

Return unbiased variance over requested axis.

Normalized by N-1 by default.

Examples:

>>> import bigframes.pandas as bpd
>>> bpd.options.display.progress_bar = None

>>> df = bpd.DataFrame({"A": [1, 3], "B": [2, 4]})
>>> df
    A       B
0   1       2
1   3       4
<BLANKLINE>
[2 rows x 2 columns]

Calculating the variance of each column (the default behavior without an explicit axis parameter).

>>> df.var()
A    2.0
B    2.0
dtype: Float64

Calculating the variance of each row.

>>> df.var(axis=1)
0    0.5
1    0.5
dtype: Float64

Parameters
Name	Description
axis	{index (0), columns (1)} Axis for the function to be applied on. For Series this parameter is unused and defaults to 0.
numeric_only	bool. default False Default False. Include only float, int, boolean columns.

Returns
Type	Description
bigframes.series.Series	Series with unbiased variance over requested axis.