Diese Seite wurde von der Cloud Translation API übersetzt.

Nachrichten mithilfe der Clientbibliotheken in Pub/Sub veröffentlichen und empfangen

Diese Seite enthält Anleitungen für Folgendes:

Projekt erstellen, Abrechnung und Pub/Sub Lite aktivieren API mithilfe der Google Cloud CLI
Lite-Reservierungen, Lite-Themen und Lite-Abos mithilfe der Google Cloud CLI erstellen
Nachrichten mit der Pub/Sub Lite-Clientbibliothek für Go, Java und Python senden und empfangen

Hinweis

Sign in to your Google Cloud account. If you're new to Google Cloud, create an account to evaluate how our products perform in real-world scenarios. New customers also get $300 in free credits to run, test, and deploy workloads.

Install the Google Cloud CLI.

To initialize the gcloud CLI, run the following command:

gcloud init

Create or select a Google Cloud project.

Create a Google Cloud project:
```
gcloud projects create PROJECT_ID
```
Replace PROJECT_ID with a name for the Google Cloud project you are creating.
Select the Google Cloud project that you created:
```
gcloud config set project PROJECT_ID
```
Replace PROJECT_ID with your Google Cloud project name.

Make sure that billing is enabled for your Google Cloud project.

Enable the Pub/Sub Lite API:

gcloud services enable pubsublite.googleapis.com

Create local authentication credentials for your user account:

gcloud auth application-default login

Grant roles to your user account. Run the following command once for each of the following IAM roles: roles/pubsublite.admin

gcloud projects add-iam-policy-binding PROJECT_ID --member="user:USER_IDENTIFIER" --role=ROLE

Replace PROJECT_ID with your project ID.
Replace USER_IDENTIFIER with the identifier for your user account. For example, user:myemail@example.com.
Replace ROLE with each individual role.

Install the Google Cloud CLI.

To initialize the gcloud CLI, run the following command:

gcloud init

Create or select a Google Cloud project.

Create a Google Cloud project:
```
gcloud projects create PROJECT_ID
```
Replace PROJECT_ID with a name for the Google Cloud project you are creating.
Select the Google Cloud project that you created:
```
gcloud config set project PROJECT_ID
```
Replace PROJECT_ID with your Google Cloud project name.

Make sure that billing is enabled for your Google Cloud project.

Enable the Pub/Sub Lite API:

gcloud services enable pubsublite.googleapis.com

Create local authentication credentials for your user account:

gcloud auth application-default login

Grant roles to your user account. Run the following command once for each of the following IAM roles: roles/pubsublite.admin

gcloud projects add-iam-policy-binding PROJECT_ID --member="user:USER_IDENTIFIER" --role=ROLE

Replace PROJECT_ID with your project ID.
Replace USER_IDENTIFIER with the identifier for your user account. For example, user:myemail@example.com.
Replace ROLE with each individual role.

Clientbibliothek installieren

Go

go get cloud.google.com/go/pubsublite

Java

If you are using Maven, add the following to your pom.xml file. For more information about BOMs, see The Google Cloud Platform Libraries BOM.

<dependency>
  <groupId>com.google.cloud</groupId>
  <artifactId>google-cloud-pubsublite</artifactId>
  <version>1.14.3</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
  <groupId>com.google.cloud</groupId>
  <artifactId>google-cloud-pubsub</artifactId>
  <version>1.134.1</version>
</dependency>

If you are using Gradle, add the following to your dependencies:

implementation 'com.google.cloud:google-cloud-pubsublite:1.14.7'

If you are using sbt, add the following to your dependencies:

libraryDependencies += "com.google.cloud" % "google-cloud-pubsublite" % "1.14.7"

If you're using Visual Studio Code, IntelliJ, or Eclipse, you can add client libraries to your project using the following IDE plugins:

The plugins provide additional functionality, such as key management for service accounts. Refer to each plugin's documentation for details.

Python

pip install --upgrade google-cloud-pubsublite

Lite-Reservierung erstellen

Verwenden Sie zum Erstellen einer Lite-Reservierung die Methode gcloud pubsub lite-reservations create . Im folgenden Beispiel wird eine Reservierung namens testRes erstellt.

gcloud pubsub lite-reservations create testRes \
    --location=us-central1 \
    --throughput-capacity=1

Regionales Lite-Thema erstellen

Verwenden Sie den Befehl gcloud pubsub lite-topics create, um ein regionales Lite-Thema zu erstellen. Im folgenden Beispiel wird ein Thema mit dem Namen testTopic erstellt.

gcloud pubsub lite-topics create testTopic \
    --location=us-central1 \
    --partitions=1 \
    --per-partition-bytes=30GiB \
    --throughput-reservation=projects/PROJECT_ID/locations/us-central1/reservations/testRes \

Ersetzen Sie Folgendes:

PROJECT_ID: die ID des Projekts.

Lite-Abo erstellen

Verwenden Sie den Befehl gcloud pubsub lite-subscriptions create, um ein Lite-Abo zu erstellen: Im folgenden Beispiel wird ein Abo mit dem Namen testSub erstellt.

gcloud pubsub lite-subscriptions create testSub \
    --location=us-central1 \
    --topic=testTopic \
    --delivery-requirement=deliver-immediately

Nachrichten senden

Senden Sie Nachrichten mit der folgenden Publisher-Anwendung an das Lite-Thema:

Go

Folgen Sie der Einrichtungsanleitung für Go in der Kurzanleitung zur Verwendung von Clientbibliotheken, bevor Sie dieses Beispiel anwenden. Weitere Informationen finden Sie in der Referenzdokumentation zur Pub/Sub Lite Go API.

Richten Sie Standardanmeldedaten für Anwendungen ein, um sich bei Pub/Sub Lite zu authentifizieren. Weitere Informationen finden Sie unter Authentifizierung für eine lokale Entwicklungsumgebung einrichten.


package main

import (
	"context"
	"flag"
	"fmt"
	"log"
	"sync"

	"cloud.google.com/go/pubsub"
	"cloud.google.com/go/pubsublite/pscompat"
	"golang.org/x/sync/errgroup"
)

func main() {
	// NOTE: Set these flags for an existing Pub/Sub Lite topic when running this
	// sample.
	projectID := flag.String("project_id", "", "Cloud Project ID")
	zone := flag.String("zone", "", "Cloud Zone where the topic resides, e.g. us-central1-a")
	topicID := flag.String("topic_id", "", "Existing Pub/Sub Lite topic")
	messageCount := flag.Int("message_count", 100, "The number of messages to send")
	flag.Parse()

	ctx := context.Background()
	topicPath := fmt.Sprintf("projects/%s/locations/%s/topics/%s", *projectID, *zone, *topicID)

	// Create the publisher client.
	publisher, err := pscompat.NewPublisherClient(ctx, topicPath)
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatalf("pscompat.NewPublisherClient error: %v", err)
	}

	// Ensure the publisher will be shut down.
	defer publisher.Stop()

	// Collect any messages that need to be republished with a new publisher
	// client.
	var toRepublish []*pubsub.Message
	var toRepublishMu sync.Mutex

	// Publish messages. Messages are automatically batched.
	g := new(errgroup.Group)
	for i := 0; i < *messageCount; i++ {
		msg := &pubsub.Message{
			Data: []byte(fmt.Sprintf("message-%d", i)),
		}
		result := publisher.Publish(ctx, msg)

		g.Go(func() error {
			// Get blocks until the result is ready.
			id, err := result.Get(ctx)
			if err != nil {
				// NOTE: A failed PublishResult indicates that the publisher client
				// encountered a fatal error and has permanently terminated. After the
				// fatal error has been resolved, a new publisher client instance must
				// be created to republish failed messages.
				fmt.Printf("Publish error: %v\n", err)
				toRepublishMu.Lock()
				toRepublish = append(toRepublish, msg)
				toRepublishMu.Unlock()
				return err
			}

			// Metadata decoded from the id contains the partition and offset.
			metadata, err := pscompat.ParseMessageMetadata(id)
			if err != nil {
				fmt.Printf("Failed to parse message metadata %q: %v\n", id, err)
				return err
			}
			fmt.Printf("Published: partition=%d, offset=%d\n", metadata.Partition, metadata.Offset)
			return nil
		})
	}
	if err := g.Wait(); err != nil {
		fmt.Printf("Publishing finished with error: %v\n", err)
	}
	fmt.Printf("Published %d messages\n", *messageCount-len(toRepublish))

	// Print the error that caused the publisher client to terminate (if any),
	// which may contain more context than PublishResults.
	if err := publisher.Error(); err != nil {
		fmt.Printf("Publisher client terminated due to error: %v\n", publisher.Error())
	}
}

Java

import com.google.api.core.ApiFuture;
import com.google.api.core.ApiFutures;
import com.google.api.gax.rpc.ApiException;
import com.google.cloud.pubsublite.CloudRegion;
import com.google.cloud.pubsublite.CloudRegionOrZone;
import com.google.cloud.pubsublite.CloudZone;
import com.google.cloud.pubsublite.MessageMetadata;
import com.google.cloud.pubsublite.ProjectNumber;
import com.google.cloud.pubsublite.TopicName;
import com.google.cloud.pubsublite.TopicPath;
import com.google.cloud.pubsublite.cloudpubsub.Publisher;
import com.google.cloud.pubsublite.cloudpubsub.PublisherSettings;
import com.google.protobuf.ByteString;
import com.google.pubsub.v1.PubsubMessage;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;

public class PublisherExample {

  public static void main(String... args) throws Exception {
    // TODO(developer): Replace these variables before running the sample.
    String cloudRegion = "your-cloud-region";
    char zoneId = 'b';
    // Choose an existing topic for the publish example to work.
    String topicId = "your-topic-id";
    long projectNumber = Long.parseLong("123456789");
    int messageCount = 100;
    // True if using a regional location. False if using a zonal location.
    // https://cloud.google.com/pubsub/lite/docs/topics
    boolean regional = false;

    publisherExample(cloudRegion, zoneId, projectNumber, topicId, messageCount, regional);
  }

  // Publish messages to a topic.
  public static void publisherExample(
      String cloudRegion,
      char zoneId,
      long projectNumber,
      String topicId,
      int messageCount,
      boolean regional)
      throws ApiException, ExecutionException, InterruptedException {

    CloudRegionOrZone location;
    if (regional) {
      location = CloudRegionOrZone.of(CloudRegion.of(cloudRegion));
    } else {
      location = CloudRegionOrZone.of(CloudZone.of(CloudRegion.of(cloudRegion), zoneId));
    }

    TopicPath topicPath =
        TopicPath.newBuilder()
            .setProject(ProjectNumber.of(projectNumber))
            .setLocation(location)
            .setName(TopicName.of(topicId))
            .build();

    Publisher publisher = null;
    List<ApiFuture<String>> futures = new ArrayList<>();

    try {
      PublisherSettings publisherSettings =
          PublisherSettings.newBuilder().setTopicPath(topicPath).build();

      publisher = Publisher.create(publisherSettings);

      // Start the publisher. Upon successful starting, its state will become RUNNING.
      publisher.startAsync().awaitRunning();

      for (int i = 0; i < messageCount; i++) {
        String message = "message-" + i;

        // Convert the message to a byte string.
        ByteString data = ByteString.copyFromUtf8(message);
        PubsubMessage pubsubMessage = PubsubMessage.newBuilder().setData(data).build();

        // Publish a message. Messages are automatically batched.
        ApiFuture<String> future = publisher.publish(pubsubMessage);
        futures.add(future);
      }
    } finally {
      ArrayList<MessageMetadata> metadata = new ArrayList<>();
      List<String> ackIds = ApiFutures.allAsList(futures).get();
      for (String id : ackIds) {
        // Decoded metadata contains partition and offset.
        metadata.add(MessageMetadata.decode(id));
      }
      System.out.println(metadata + "\nPublished " + ackIds.size() + " messages.");

      if (publisher != null) {
        // Shut down the publisher.
        publisher.stopAsync().awaitTerminated();
        System.out.println("Publisher is shut down.");
      }
    }
  }
}

Python

Folgen Sie der Einrichtungsanleitung für Python in der Kurzanleitung zur Verwendung von Clientbibliotheken, bevor Sie dieses Beispiel anwenden. Weitere Informationen finden Sie in der Referenzdokumentation zur Pub/Sub Lite Python API.

Richten Sie zur Authentifizierung bei Pub/Sub Lite die Standardanmeldedaten für Anwendungen ein. Weitere Informationen finden Sie unter Authentifizierung für eine lokale Entwicklungsumgebung einrichten.

from google.cloud.pubsublite.cloudpubsub import PublisherClient
from google.cloud.pubsublite.types import (
    CloudRegion,
    CloudZone,
    MessageMetadata,
    TopicPath,
)

# TODO(developer):
# project_number = 1122334455
# cloud_region = "us-central1"
# zone_id = "a"
# topic_id = "your-topic-id"
# regional = True

if regional:
    location = CloudRegion(cloud_region)
else:
    location = CloudZone(CloudRegion(cloud_region), zone_id)

topic_path = TopicPath(project_number, location, topic_id)

# PublisherClient() must be used in a `with` block or have __enter__() called before use.
with PublisherClient() as publisher_client:
    data = "Hello world!"
    api_future = publisher_client.publish(topic_path, data.encode("utf-8"))
    # result() blocks. To resolve API futures asynchronously, use add_done_callback().
    message_id = api_future.result()
    message_metadata = MessageMetadata.decode(message_id)
    print(
        f"Published a message to {topic_path} with partition {message_metadata.partition.value} and offset {message_metadata.cursor.offset}."
    )

Der Publisher sendet 100 Nachrichten an ein Lite-Thema und gibt die Anzahl der Nachrichten aus, die der Pub/Sub Lite-Dienst empfängt.

Nachrichten empfangen

Sie erhalten Nachrichten vom Lite-Abo mit der folgenden Abo-Anwendung:

Go

Bevor Sie dieses Beispiel ausprobieren, folgen Sie der Einrichtungsanleitung für Go in der Pub/Sub Lite-Kurzanleitung mit Clientbibliotheken. Weitere Informationen finden Sie in der Referenzdokumentation zur Pub/Sub Lite Go API.


package main

import (
	"context"
	"flag"
	"fmt"
	"log"
	"sync/atomic"
	"time"

	"cloud.google.com/go/pubsub"
	"cloud.google.com/go/pubsublite/pscompat"
)

func main() {
	// NOTE: Set these flags for an existing Pub/Sub Lite subscription containing
	// published messages when running this sample.
	projectID := flag.String("project_id", "", "Cloud Project ID")
	zone := flag.String("zone", "", "Cloud Zone where the topic resides, e.g. us-central1-a")
	subscriptionID := flag.String("subscription_id", "", "Existing Pub/Sub Lite subscription")
	timeout := flag.Duration("timeout", 90*time.Second, "The duration to receive messages")
	flag.Parse()

	ctx := context.Background()
	subscriptionPath := fmt.Sprintf("projects/%s/locations/%s/subscriptions/%s", *projectID, *zone, *subscriptionID)

	// Configure flow control settings. These settings apply per partition.
	// The message stream is paused based on the maximum size or number of
	// messages that the subscriber has already received, whichever condition is
	// met first.
	settings := pscompat.ReceiveSettings{
		// 10 MiB. Must be greater than the allowed size of the largest message
		// (1 MiB).
		MaxOutstandingBytes: 10 * 1024 * 1024,
		// 1,000 outstanding messages. Must be > 0.
		MaxOutstandingMessages: 1000,
	}

	// Create the subscriber client.
	subscriber, err := pscompat.NewSubscriberClientWithSettings(ctx, subscriptionPath, settings)
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatalf("pscompat.NewSubscriberClientWithSettings error: %v", err)
	}

	// Listen for messages until the timeout expires.
	log.Printf("Listening to messages on %s for %v...\n", subscriptionPath, *timeout)
	cctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, *timeout)
	defer cancel()
	var receiveCount int32

	// Receive blocks until the context is cancelled or an error occurs.
	if err := subscriber.Receive(cctx, func(ctx context.Context, msg *pubsub.Message) {
		// NOTE: May be called concurrently; synchronize access to shared memory.
		atomic.AddInt32(&receiveCount, 1)

		// Metadata decoded from the message ID contains the partition and offset.
		metadata, err := pscompat.ParseMessageMetadata(msg.ID)
		if err != nil {
			log.Fatalf("Failed to parse %q: %v", msg.ID, err)
		}

		fmt.Printf("Received (partition=%d, offset=%d): %s\n", metadata.Partition, metadata.Offset, string(msg.Data))
		msg.Ack()
	}); err != nil {
		log.Fatalf("SubscriberClient.Receive error: %v", err)
	}

	fmt.Printf("Received %d messages\n", receiveCount)
}

Java

Folgen Sie der Einrichtungsanleitung für Java in der Kurzanleitung zur Verwendung von Clientbibliotheken, bevor Sie dieses Beispiel anwenden. Weitere Informationen finden Sie in der Pub/Sub Lite Java API Referenzdokumentation.

import com.google.api.gax.rpc.ApiException;
import com.google.cloud.pubsub.v1.AckReplyConsumer;
import com.google.cloud.pubsub.v1.MessageReceiver;
import com.google.cloud.pubsublite.CloudRegion;
import com.google.cloud.pubsublite.CloudRegionOrZone;
import com.google.cloud.pubsublite.CloudZone;
import com.google.cloud.pubsublite.MessageMetadata;
import com.google.cloud.pubsublite.ProjectNumber;
import com.google.cloud.pubsublite.SubscriptionName;
import com.google.cloud.pubsublite.SubscriptionPath;
import com.google.cloud.pubsublite.cloudpubsub.FlowControlSettings;
import com.google.cloud.pubsublite.cloudpubsub.MessageTransforms;
import com.google.cloud.pubsublite.cloudpubsub.Subscriber;
import com.google.cloud.pubsublite.cloudpubsub.SubscriberSettings;
import com.google.protobuf.Timestamp;
import com.google.pubsub.v1.PubsubMessage;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;

public class SubscriberExample {

  public static void main(String... args) throws Exception {
    // TODO(developer): Replace these variables before running the sample.
    String cloudRegion = "your-cloud-region";
    char zoneId = 'b';
    // Choose an existing subscription for the subscribe example to work.
    String subscriptionId = "your-subscription-id";
    long projectNumber = Long.parseLong("123456789");
    // True if using a regional location. False if using a zonal location.
    // https://cloud.google.com/pubsub/lite/docs/topics
    boolean regional = false;

    subscriberExample(cloudRegion, zoneId, projectNumber, subscriptionId, regional);
  }

  public static void subscriberExample(
      String cloudRegion, char zoneId, long projectNumber, String subscriptionId, boolean regional)
      throws ApiException {

    CloudRegionOrZone location;
    if (regional) {
      location = CloudRegionOrZone.of(CloudRegion.of(cloudRegion));
    } else {
      location = CloudRegionOrZone.of(CloudZone.of(CloudRegion.of(cloudRegion), zoneId));
    }

    SubscriptionPath subscriptionPath =
        SubscriptionPath.newBuilder()
            .setLocation(location)
            .setProject(ProjectNumber.of(projectNumber))
            .setName(SubscriptionName.of(subscriptionId))
            .build();

    // The message stream is paused based on the maximum size or number of messages that the
    // subscriber has already received, whichever condition is met first.
    FlowControlSettings flowControlSettings =
        FlowControlSettings.builder()
            // 10 MiB. Must be greater than the allowed size of the largest message (1 MiB).
            .setBytesOutstanding(10 * 1024 * 1024L)
            // 1,000 outstanding messages. Must be >0.
            .setMessagesOutstanding(1000L)
            .build();

    MessageReceiver receiver =
        (PubsubMessage message, AckReplyConsumer consumer) -> {
          System.out.println("Id : " + MessageMetadata.decode(message.getMessageId()));
          System.out.println("Data : " + message.getData().toStringUtf8());
          System.out.println("Ordering key : " + message.getOrderingKey());
          System.out.println("Attributes : ");
          message
              .getAttributesMap()
              .forEach(
                  (key, value) -> {
                    if (key == MessageTransforms.PUBSUB_LITE_EVENT_TIME_TIMESTAMP_PROTO) {
                      Timestamp ts = MessageTransforms.decodeAttributeEventTime(value);
                      System.out.println(key + " = " + ts.toString());
                    } else {
                      System.out.println(key + " = " + value);
                    }
                  });

          // Acknowledge the message.
          consumer.ack();
        };

    SubscriberSettings subscriberSettings =
        SubscriberSettings.newBuilder()
            .setSubscriptionPath(subscriptionPath)
            .setReceiver(receiver)
            // Flow control settings are set at the partition level.
            .setPerPartitionFlowControlSettings(flowControlSettings)
            .build();

    Subscriber subscriber = Subscriber.create(subscriberSettings);

    // Start the subscriber. Upon successful starting, its state will become RUNNING.
    subscriber.startAsync().awaitRunning();

    System.out.println("Listening to messages on " + subscriptionPath.toString() + "...");

    try {
      System.out.println(subscriber.state());
      // Wait 90 seconds for the subscriber to reach TERMINATED state. If it encounters
      // unrecoverable errors before then, its state will change to FAILED and an
      // IllegalStateException will be thrown.
      subscriber.awaitTerminated(90, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
    } catch (TimeoutException t) {
      // Shut down the subscriber. This will change the state of the subscriber to TERMINATED.
      subscriber.stopAsync().awaitTerminated();
      System.out.println("Subscriber is shut down: " + subscriber.state());
    }
  }
}

Python

from concurrent.futures._base import TimeoutError
from google.pubsub_v1 import PubsubMessage
from google.cloud.pubsublite.cloudpubsub import SubscriberClient
from google.cloud.pubsublite.types import (
    CloudRegion,
    CloudZone,
    FlowControlSettings,
    MessageMetadata,
    SubscriptionPath,
)

# TODO(developer):
# project_number = 1122334455
# cloud_region = "us-central1"
# zone_id = "a"
# subscription_id = "your-subscription-id"
# timeout = 90
# regional = True

if regional:
    location = CloudRegion(cloud_region)
else:
    location = CloudZone(CloudRegion(cloud_region), zone_id)

subscription_path = SubscriptionPath(project_number, location, subscription_id)
# Configure when to pause the message stream for more incoming messages based on the
# maximum size or number of messages that a single-partition subscriber has received,
# whichever condition is met first.
per_partition_flow_control_settings = FlowControlSettings(
    # 1,000 outstanding messages. Must be >0.
    messages_outstanding=1000,
    # 10 MiB. Must be greater than the allowed size of the largest message (1 MiB).
    bytes_outstanding=10 * 1024 * 1024,
)

def callback(message: PubsubMessage):
    message_data = message.data.decode("utf-8")
    metadata = MessageMetadata.decode(message.message_id)
    print(
        f"Received {message_data} of ordering key {message.ordering_key} with id {metadata}."
    )
    message.ack()

# SubscriberClient() must be used in a `with` block or have __enter__() called before use.
with SubscriberClient() as subscriber_client:

    streaming_pull_future = subscriber_client.subscribe(
        subscription_path,
        callback=callback,
        per_partition_flow_control_settings=per_partition_flow_control_settings,
    )

    print(f"Listening for messages on {str(subscription_path)}...")

    try:
        streaming_pull_future.result(timeout=timeout)
    except TimeoutError or KeyboardInterrupt:
        streaming_pull_future.cancel()
        assert streaming_pull_future.done()

Nachdem der Abonnent eine Nachricht erhalten hat, gibt der Abonnent die Nachrichten-ID und die Nachrichtendaten aus.

Bereinigen

Löschen Sie das Google Cloud-Projekt mit den Ressourcen, damit Ihrem Google Cloud-Konto die auf dieser Seite verwendeten Ressourcen nicht in Rechnung gestellt werden.

Um zu vermeiden, dass Ihrem Google Cloud-Konto die in diesem Leitfaden verwendeten Ressourcen in Rechnung gestellt werden, löschen Sie das Thema und das Abo.
```
gcloud pubsub lite-subscriptions delete testSub --location=us-central1
gcloud pubsub lite-topics delete testTopic --location=us-central1
```
Optional: Revoke the authentication credentials that you created, and delete the local credential file.
```
gcloud auth application-default revoke
```
Optional: Revoke credentials from the gcloud CLI.
```
gcloud auth revoke
```

Nächste Schritte

Weitere Informationen zu Lite-Themen und Lite-Abos.
Weitere Informationen zum Senden und Empfangen von Nachrichten.
Codebeispiele für die Clientbibliothek.