Cloud Functions（第 1 代）已重命名为 Cloud Run 函数（第 1 代）。切换到 Cloud Run 函数文档。

提示与技巧

本文档介绍了设计、实现、测试和部署 Cloud Run functions 函数的最佳做法。

正确做法

本部分介绍 Cloud Run functions 函数设计和实现方面的常规最佳做法。

编写幂等函数

即使您的函数被多次调用，也应产生相同的结果。这样，如果前面的代码调用中途失败，您可以重新调用。如需了解详情，请参阅重试事件驱动型函数。

确保 HTTP 函数发送 HTTP 响应

如果您的函数是由 HTTP 触发，请记得发送 HTTP 响应，如下所示。否则，函数的执行过程可能会发生超时。如果发生这种情况，您将需要为整段超时时间付费。超时还可能使后续调用出现不可预测的行为或冷启动，从而导致意外行为或延时增加。

Node.js

const functions = require('@google-cloud/functions-framework');
const escapeHtml = require('escape-html');

/**
 * Responds to an HTTP request using data from the request body parsed according
 * to the "content-type" header.
 *
 * @param {Object} req Cloud Function request context.
 * @param {Object} res Cloud Function response context.
 */
functions.http('helloHttp', (req, res) => {
  res.send(`Hello ${escapeHtml(req.query.name || req.body.name || 'World')}!`);
});

Python


import functions_framework


from markupsafe import escape

@functions_framework.http
def hello_http(request):
    """HTTP Cloud Function.
    Args:
        request (flask.Request): The request object.
        <https://flask.palletsprojects.com/en/1.1.x/api/#incoming-request-data>
    Returns:
        The response text, or any set of values that can be turned into a
        Response object using `make_response`
        <https://flask.palletsprojects.com/en/1.1.x/api/#flask.make_response>.
    """
    request_json = request.get_json(silent=True)
    request_args = request.args

    if request_json and "name" in request_json:
        name = request_json["name"]
    elif request_args and "name" in request_args:
        name = request_args["name"]
    else:
        name = "World"
    return f"Hello {escape(name)}!"

Go


// Package helloworld provides a set of Cloud Functions samples.
package helloworld

import (
	"encoding/json"
	"fmt"
	"html"
	"net/http"

	"github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/functions-framework-go/functions"
)

func init() {
	functions.HTTP("HelloHTTP", HelloHTTP)
}

// HelloHTTP is an HTTP Cloud Function with a request parameter.
func HelloHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	var d struct {
		Name string `json:"name"`
	}
	if err := json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(&d); err != nil {
		fmt.Fprint(w, "Hello, World!")
		return
	}
	if d.Name == "" {
		fmt.Fprint(w, "Hello, World!")
		return
	}
	fmt.Fprintf(w, "Hello, %s!", html.EscapeString(d.Name))
}

Java


import com.google.cloud.functions.HttpFunction;
import com.google.cloud.functions.HttpRequest;
import com.google.cloud.functions.HttpResponse;
import com.google.gson.Gson;
import com.google.gson.JsonElement;
import com.google.gson.JsonObject;
import com.google.gson.JsonParseException;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.logging.Logger;

public class HelloHttp implements HttpFunction {
  private static final Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(HelloHttp.class.getName());

  private static final Gson gson = new Gson();

  @Override
  public void service(HttpRequest request, HttpResponse response)
      throws IOException {
    // Check URL parameters for "name" field
    // "world" is the default value
    String name = request.getFirstQueryParameter("name").orElse("world");

    // Parse JSON request and check for "name" field
    try {
      JsonElement requestParsed = gson.fromJson(request.getReader(), JsonElement.class);
      JsonObject requestJson = null;

      if (requestParsed != null && requestParsed.isJsonObject()) {
        requestJson = requestParsed.getAsJsonObject();
      }

      if (requestJson != null && requestJson.has("name")) {
        name = requestJson.get("name").getAsString();
      }
    } catch (JsonParseException e) {
      logger.severe("Error parsing JSON: " + e.getMessage());
    }

    var writer = new PrintWriter(response.getWriter());
    writer.printf("Hello %s!", name);
  }
}

C#

using Google.Cloud.Functions.Framework;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
using System.IO;
using System.Text.Json;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace HelloHttp;

public class Function : IHttpFunction
{
    private readonly ILogger _logger;

    public Function(ILogger<Function> logger) =>
        _logger = logger;

    public async Task HandleAsync(HttpContext context)
    {
        HttpRequest request = context.Request;
        // Check URL parameters for "name" field
        // "world" is the default value
        string name = ((string) request.Query["name"]) ?? "world";

        // If there's a body, parse it as JSON and check for "name" field.
        using TextReader reader = new StreamReader(request.Body);
        string text = await reader.ReadToEndAsync();
        if (text.Length > 0)
        {
            try
            {
                JsonElement json = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<JsonElement>(text);
                if (json.TryGetProperty("name", out JsonElement nameElement) &&
                    nameElement.ValueKind == JsonValueKind.String)
                {
                    name = nameElement.GetString();
                }
            }
            catch (JsonException parseException)
            {
                _logger.LogError(parseException, "Error parsing JSON request");
            }
        }

        await context.Response.WriteAsync($"Hello {name}!", context.RequestAborted);
    }
}

Ruby

require "functions_framework"
require "cgi"
require "json"

FunctionsFramework.http "hello_http" do |request|
  # The request parameter is a Rack::Request object.
  # See https://www.rubydoc.info/gems/rack/Rack/Request
  name = request.params["name"] ||
         (request.body.rewind && JSON.parse(request.body.read)["name"] rescue nil) ||
         "World"
  # Return the response body as a string.
  # You can also return a Rack::Response object, a Rack response array, or
  # a hash which will be JSON-encoded into a response.
  "Hello #{CGI.escape_html name}!"
end

PHP

<?php

use Google\CloudFunctions\FunctionsFramework;
use Psr\Http\Message\ServerRequestInterface;

// Register the function with Functions Framework.
// This enables omitting the `FUNCTIONS_SIGNATURE_TYPE=http` environment
// variable when deploying. The `FUNCTION_TARGET` environment variable should
// match the first parameter.
FunctionsFramework::http('helloHttp', 'helloHttp');

function helloHttp(ServerRequestInterface $request): string
{
    $name = 'World';
    $body = $request->getBody()->getContents();
    if (!empty($body)) {
        $json = json_decode($body, true);
        if (json_last_error() != JSON_ERROR_NONE) {
            throw new RuntimeException(sprintf(
                'Could not parse body: %s',
                json_last_error_msg()
            ));
        }
        $name = $json['name'] ?? $name;
    }
    $queryString = $request->getQueryParams();
    $name = $queryString['name'] ?? $name;

    return sprintf('Hello, %s!', htmlspecialchars($name));
}

请勿启动后台 activity

后台活动是指在函数终止后发生的任何活动。一旦函数返回或以其他方式发出完成信号（例如通过调用 Node.js 事件驱动型函数中的 callback 参数），函数调用就会完成。在正常终止后运行的任何代码都无法访问 CPU，因而无法继续进行。

另外，当在同一环境中执行后续调用时，您的后台活动将继续进行，从而干扰新的调用。这可能会导致难以诊断的意外行为和错误。在函数终止后访问网络通常会导致连接重置（错误代码为 ECONNRESET）。

通常可以在各调用产生的日志中检测到后台活动，相关信息记录在指示调用已完成的行的后面。后台活动有时可能会深藏在代码中，尤其是在存在回调函数或定时器等异步操作的情况下。请检查您的代码，以确保所有异步操作都会在函数终止之前完成。

务必删除临时文件

临时目录中的本地磁盘存储是内存中的文件系统。您写入的文件会占用函数可以使用的内存，并且有时会在多次调用过程中持续存在。如果不明确删除这些文件，最终可能会导致内存不足错误，并且随后需要进行冷启动。

如需查看单个函数所使用的内存，您可以访问 Google Cloud 控制台，在函数列表中选择相应的函数，然后选择“内存用量”图。

请勿试图在临时目录之外执行写入操作，并务必使用独立于平台/操作系统的方法构建文件路径。

您可以在使用流水线处理大型文件时减少内存要求。例如，要在 Cloud Storage 上处理文件，您可以创建读取流，通过基于流的进程传递读取流，然后将输出流直接写入 Cloud Storage。

Cloud Functions 框架

部署函数时，Functions 框架会使用其当前版本自动添加为依赖项。为了确保在不同的环境中以一致的方式安装相同的依赖项，我们建议您将函数固定到特定版本的 Functions 框架。

为此，请在相关锁定文件中添加您的首选版本（例如，Node.js 版为 package-lock.json，Python 版为 requirements.txt）。

工具

本部分指导您如何使用工具来实现和测试 Cloud Run functions 函数并与之互动。

本地开发

函数部署需要一些时间，因此在本地测试函数的代码通常会更快。

错误报告

在使用异常处理的语言中，不要抛出未捕获的异常，因为这些异常会导致在未来调用函数时强制执行冷启动。如需了解如何适当地报告错误，请参阅报告错误指南。

请勿手动退出

手动退出可能会导致出现意外行为。请改用以下特定语言的惯用语：

Node.js

请勿使用 process.exit()。HTTP 函数应使用 res.status(200).send(message) 发送响应，事件驱动函数在返回（隐式或显式）后即退出。

Python

请勿使用 sys.exit()。HTTP 函数应明确返回字符串形式的响应，事件驱动函数返回值（隐式或显式）后即退出。

Go

请勿使用 os.Exit()。HTTP 函数应明确返回字符串形式的响应，事件驱动函数返回值（隐式或显式）后即退出。

Java

请勿使用 System.exit()。HTTP 函数应使用 response.getWriter().write(message) 发送响应，事件驱动函数在返回（隐式或显式）后即退出。

C#

请勿使用 System.Environment.Exit()。HTTP 函数应使用 context.Response.WriteAsync(message) 发送响应，事件驱动函数在返回（隐式或显式）后即退出。

Ruby

请勿使用 exit() 或 abort()。HTTP 函数应明确返回字符串形式的响应，事件驱动函数返回值（隐式或显式）后即退出。

PHP

请勿使用 exit() 或 die()。HTTP 函数应明确返回字符串形式的响应，事件驱动函数返回值（隐式或显式）后即退出。

使用 Sendgrid 发送电子邮件

Cloud Run functions 函数不允许在端口 25 上建立出站连接，因此您无法建立到 SMTP 服务器的非安全连接。推荐使用 SendGrid 发送电子邮件。如需了解发送电子邮件的其他方式，请参阅适用于 Compute Engine 的从实例发送电子邮件教程。

效果

本部分介绍性能优化方面的最佳实践。

谨慎使用依赖项

由于函数是无状态的，执行环境通常是从头开始初始化（称为“冷启动”）。当发生冷启动时，系统会对函数的全局环境进行评估。

如果您的函数导入了模块，那么在冷启动期间，这些模块的加载时间会造成调用延迟加重。正确加载依赖项而不加载函数不使用的依赖项，即可缩短此延迟时间以及函数部署时间。

使用全局变量，以便在日后的调用中重复使用对象

系统无法保证能保留函数的状态，以用于将来的调用。不过，Cloud Run functions 函数经常会回收利用先前调用的执行环境。如果您在全局范围内声明一个变量，就可以在后续的调用中再次使用该变量的值，而不必重新计算。

通过这种方式，您可以缓存在每次调用函数时重建的成本较高的对象。将此类对象从函数体移到全局范围可能会显著提升性能。以下示例会为每个函数实例创建一个重量级对象（每个实例仅限一次），并提供给连接指定实例的所有函数调用共用：

Node.js

const functions = require('@google-cloud/functions-framework');

// TODO(developer): Define your own computations
const {lightComputation, heavyComputation} = require('./computations');

// Global (instance-wide) scope
// This computation runs once (at instance cold-start)
const instanceVar = heavyComputation();

/**
 * HTTP function that declares a variable.
 *
 * @param {Object} req request context.
 * @param {Object} res response context.
 */
functions.http('scopeDemo', (req, res) => {
  // Per-function scope
  // This computation runs every time this function is called
  const functionVar = lightComputation();

  res.send(`Per instance: ${instanceVar}, per function: ${functionVar}`);
});

Python

import time

import functions_framework


# Placeholder
def heavy_computation():
    return time.time()


# Placeholder
def light_computation():
    return time.time()


# Global (instance-wide) scope
# This computation runs at instance cold-start
instance_var = heavy_computation()


@functions_framework.http
def scope_demo(request):
    """
    HTTP Cloud Function that declares a variable.
    Args:
        request (flask.Request): The request object.
        <http://flask.pocoo.org/docs/1.0/api/#flask.Request>
    Returns:
        The response text, or any set of values that can be turned into a
        Response object using `make_response`
        <http://flask.pocoo.org/docs/1.0/api/#flask.Flask.make_response>.
    """

    # Per-function scope
    # This computation runs every time this function is called
    function_var = light_computation()
    return f"Instance: {instance_var}; function: {function_var}"

Go


// h is in the global (instance-wide) scope.
var h string

// init runs during package initialization. So, this will only run during an
// an instance's cold start.
func init() {
	h = heavyComputation()
	functions.HTTP("ScopeDemo", ScopeDemo)
}

// ScopeDemo is an example of using globally and locally
// scoped variables in a function.
func ScopeDemo(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	l := lightComputation()
	fmt.Fprintf(w, "Global: %q, Local: %q", h, l)
}

Java


import com.google.cloud.functions.HttpFunction;
import com.google.cloud.functions.HttpRequest;
import com.google.cloud.functions.HttpResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.Arrays;

public class Scopes implements HttpFunction {
  // Global (instance-wide) scope
  // This computation runs at instance cold-start.
  // Warning: Class variables used in functions code must be thread-safe.
  private static final int INSTANCE_VAR = heavyComputation();

  @Override
  public void service(HttpRequest request, HttpResponse response)
      throws IOException {
    // Per-function scope
    // This computation runs every time this function is called
    int functionVar = lightComputation();

    var writer = new PrintWriter(response.getWriter());
    writer.printf("Instance: %s; function: %s", INSTANCE_VAR, functionVar);
  }

  private static int lightComputation() {
    int[] numbers = new int[] { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 };
    return Arrays.stream(numbers).sum();
  }

  private static int heavyComputation() {
    int[] numbers = new int[] { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 };
    return Arrays.stream(numbers).reduce((t, x) -> t * x).getAsInt();
  }
}

C#

using Google.Cloud.Functions.Framework;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace Scopes;

public class Function : IHttpFunction
{
    // Global (server-wide) scope.
    // This computation runs at server cold-start.
    // Warning: Class variables used in functions code must be thread-safe.
    private static readonly int GlobalVariable = HeavyComputation();

    // Note that one instance of this class (Function) is created per invocation,
    // so calling HeavyComputation in the constructor would not have the same
    // benefit.

    public async Task HandleAsync(HttpContext context)
    {
        // Per-function-invocation scope.
        // This computation runs every time this function is called.
        int functionVariable = LightComputation();

        await context.Response.WriteAsync(
            $"Global: {GlobalVariable}; function: {functionVariable}",
            context.RequestAborted);
    }

    private static int LightComputation()
    {
        int[] numbers = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 };
        return numbers.Sum();
    }

    private static int HeavyComputation()
    {
        int[] numbers = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 };
        return numbers.Aggregate((current, next) => current * next);
    }
}

Ruby

# Global (instance-wide) scope.
# This block runs on cold start, before any function is invoked.
#
# Note: It is usually best to run global initialization in an on_startup block
# instead at the top level of the Ruby file. This is because top-level code
# could be executed to verify the function during deployment, whereas an
# on_startup block is run only when an actual function instance is starting up.
FunctionsFramework.on_startup do
  instance_data = perform_heavy_computation

  # To pass data into function invocations, the best practice is to set a
  # key-value pair using the Ruby Function Framework's built-in "set_global"
  # method. Functions can call the "global" method to retrieve the data by key.
  # (You can also use Ruby global variables or "toplevel" local variables, but
  # they can make it difficult to isolate global data for testing.)
  set_global :my_instance_data, instance_data
end

FunctionsFramework.http "tips_scopes" do |_request|
  # Per-function scope.
  # This method is called every time this function is called.
  invocation_data = perform_light_computation

  # Retrieve the data computed by the on_startup block.
  instance_data = global :my_instance_data

  "instance: #{instance_data}; function: #{invocation_data}"
end

PHP


use Psr\Http\Message\ServerRequestInterface;

function scopeDemo(ServerRequestInterface $request): string
{
    // Heavy computations should be cached between invocations.
    // The PHP runtime does NOT preserve variables between invocations, so we
    // must write their values to a file or otherwise cache them.
    // (All writable directories in Cloud Functions are in-memory, so
    // file-based caching operations are typically fast.)
    // You can also use PSR-6 caching libraries for this task:
    // https://packagist.org/providers/psr/cache-implementation
    $cachePath = sys_get_temp_dir() . '/cached_value.txt';

    $response = '';
    if (file_exists($cachePath)) {
        // Read cached value from file, using file locking to prevent race
        // conditions between function executions.
        $response .= 'Reading cached value.' . PHP_EOL;
        $fh = fopen($cachePath, 'r');
        flock($fh, LOCK_EX);
        $instanceVar = stream_get_contents($fh);
        flock($fh, LOCK_UN);
    } else {
        // Compute cached value + write to file, using file locking to prevent
        // race conditions between function executions.
        $response .= 'Cache empty, computing value.' . PHP_EOL;
        $instanceVar = _heavyComputation();
        file_put_contents($cachePath, $instanceVar, LOCK_EX);
    }

    // Lighter computations can re-run on each function invocation.
    $functionVar = _lightComputation();

    $response .= 'Per instance: ' . $instanceVar . PHP_EOL;
    $response .= 'Per function: ' . $functionVar . PHP_EOL;

    return $response;
}

尤为重要的是，您应在全局范围内缓存网络连接、库引用和 API 客户端对象。如需查看相关示例，请参阅优化网络连接方式。

对全局变量进行延迟初始化

如果您在全局范围内初始化变量，系统始终会通过冷启动调用执行初始化代码，而这会增加函数的延迟时间。在某些情况下，如果被调用的服务在 try/catch 块中未得到正确处理，则会导致这些服务间歇性超时。如果某些对象并非在所有代码路径中都会用到，可以考虑按需对它们进行延迟初始化：

Node.js

const functions = require('@google-cloud/functions-framework');

// Always initialized (at cold-start)
const nonLazyGlobal = fileWideComputation();

// Declared at cold-start, but only initialized if/when the function executes
let lazyGlobal;

/**
 * HTTP function that uses lazy-initialized globals
 *
 * @param {Object} req request context.
 * @param {Object} res response context.
 */
functions.http('lazyGlobals', (req, res) => {
  // This value is initialized only if (and when) the function is called
  lazyGlobal = lazyGlobal || functionSpecificComputation();

  res.send(`Lazy global: ${lazyGlobal}, non-lazy global: ${nonLazyGlobal}`);
});

Python

import functions_framework

# Always initialized (at cold-start)
non_lazy_global = file_wide_computation()

# Declared at cold-start, but only initialized if/when the function executes
lazy_global = None


@functions_framework.http
def lazy_globals(request):
    """
    HTTP Cloud Function that uses lazily-initialized globals.
    Args:
        request (flask.Request): The request object.
        <http://flask.pocoo.org/docs/1.0/api/#flask.Request>
    Returns:
        The response text, or any set of values that can be turned into a
        Response object using `make_response`
        <http://flask.pocoo.org/docs/1.0/api/#flask.Flask.make_response>.
    """
    global lazy_global, non_lazy_global

    # This value is initialized only if (and when) the function is called
    if not lazy_global:
        lazy_global = function_specific_computation()

    return f"Lazy: {lazy_global}, non-lazy: {non_lazy_global}."

Go


// Package tips contains tips for writing Cloud Functions in Go.
package tips

import (
	"context"
	"log"
	"net/http"
	"sync"

	"cloud.google.com/go/storage"
	"github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/functions-framework-go/functions"
)

// client is lazily initialized by LazyGlobal.
var client *storage.Client
var clientOnce sync.Once

func init() {
	functions.HTTP("LazyGlobal", LazyGlobal)
}

// LazyGlobal is an example of lazily initializing a Google Cloud Storage client.
func LazyGlobal(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	// You may wish to add different checks to see if the client is needed for
	// this request.
	clientOnce.Do(func() {
		// Pre-declare an err variable to avoid shadowing client.
		var err error
		client, err = storage.NewClient(context.Background())
		if err != nil {
			http.Error(w, "Internal error", http.StatusInternalServerError)
			log.Printf("storage.NewClient: %v", err)
			return
		}
	})
	// Use client.
}

Java


import com.google.cloud.functions.HttpFunction;
import com.google.cloud.functions.HttpRequest;
import com.google.cloud.functions.HttpResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.Arrays;

public class LazyFields implements HttpFunction {
  // Always initialized (at cold-start)
  // Warning: Class variables used in Servlet classes must be thread-safe,
  // or else might introduce race conditions in your code.
  private static final int NON_LAZY_GLOBAL = fileWideComputation();

  // Declared at cold-start, but only initialized if/when the function executes
  // Uses the "initialization-on-demand holder" idiom
  // More information: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Initialization-on-demand_holder_idiom
  private static class LazyGlobalHolder {
    // Making the default constructor private prohibits instantiation of this class
    private LazyGlobalHolder() {}

    // This value is initialized only if (and when) the getLazyGlobal() function below is called
    private static final Integer INSTANCE = functionSpecificComputation();

    private static Integer getInstance() {
      return LazyGlobalHolder.INSTANCE;
    }
  }

  @Override
  public void service(HttpRequest request, HttpResponse response)
      throws IOException {
    Integer lazyGlobal = LazyGlobalHolder.getInstance();

    var writer = new PrintWriter(response.getWriter());
    writer.printf("Lazy global: %s; non-lazy global: %s%n", lazyGlobal, NON_LAZY_GLOBAL);
  }

  private static int functionSpecificComputation() {
    int[] numbers = new int[] {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9};
    return Arrays.stream(numbers).sum();
  }

  private static int fileWideComputation() {
    int[] numbers = new int[] {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9};
    return Arrays.stream(numbers).reduce((t, x) -> t * x).getAsInt();
  }
}

C#

using Google.Cloud.Functions.Framework;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http;
using System;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace LazyFields;

public class Function : IHttpFunction
{
    // This computation runs at server cold-start.
    // Warning: Class variables used in functions code must be thread-safe.
    private static readonly int NonLazyGlobal = FileWideComputation();

    // This variable is initialized at server cold-start, but the
    // computation is only performed when the function needs the result.
    private static readonly Lazy<int> LazyGlobal = new Lazy<int>(
        FunctionSpecificComputation,
        LazyThreadSafetyMode.ExecutionAndPublication);

    public async Task HandleAsync(HttpContext context)
    {
        // In a more complex function, there might be some paths that use LazyGlobal.Value,
        // and others that don't. The computation is only performed when necessary, and
        // only once per server.
        await context.Response.WriteAsync(
            $"Lazy global: {LazyGlobal.Value}; non-lazy global: {NonLazyGlobal}",
            context.RequestAborted);
    }

    private static int FunctionSpecificComputation()
    {
        int[] numbers = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 };
        return numbers.Sum();
    }

    private static int FileWideComputation()
    {
        int[] numbers = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 };
        return numbers.Aggregate((current, next) => current * next);
    }
}

Ruby

FunctionsFramework.on_startup do
  # This method is called when the function is initialized, not on each
  # invocation.

  # Declare and set non_lazy_global
  set_global :non_lazy_global, file_wide_computation

  # Declare, but do not set, lazy_global
  set_global :lazy_global do
    function_specific_computation
  end
end

FunctionsFramework.http "tips_lazy" do |_request|
  # This method is called every time this function is called.

  "Lazy: #{global :lazy_global}; non_lazy: #{global :non_lazy_global}"
end

PHP

PHP 函数无法在请求之间保留变量。上文中的范围示例使用延迟加载在文件中缓存全局变量值。

如果您在单个文件中定义多个函数，并且不同的函数使用不同的变量，这种做法尤其有用。如果不使用延迟初始化，您可能会因为初始化后永远不会再用到的变量而浪费资源。

通过设置实例数下限减少冷启动次数

默认情况下，Cloud Run functions 函数会根据传入请求的数量扩缩实例数量。您可以更改这种默认行为，只需设置 Cloud Run functions 函数必须保持就绪状态以处理请求的实例数下限即可。设置实例数下限可以减少应用的冷启动次数。如果您的应用对延迟时间较为敏感，我们建议您设置实例数下限。

如需了解如何设置实例数下限，请参阅使用最小实例数。

其他资源

如需详细了解如何优化性能，请观看“Google Cloud 性能指南”视频 Cloud Run 函数冷启动时间。