Quickstart using a server client library

This quickstart shows you how to set up Firestore, add data, and read data by using the C#, Go, Java, Node.js, PHP, Python, or Ruby server client library.

Before you begin

• Sign in to your Google Account.

  If you don't already have one, sign up for a new account.

• In the Google Cloud Console, on the project selector page, select or create a Google Cloud project.

  Note: If you don't plan to keep the resources that you create in this procedure, create a project instead of selecting an existing project. After you finish these steps, you can delete the project, removing all resources associated with the project.

  Go to the project selector page

Firestore and App Engine: You can't use both Firestore and Cloud Datastore in the same project, which might affect apps using App Engine. Try using Firestore with a different project if you need to use Datastore.

Create a Firestore in Native mode database

If this is a new project, you need to create a Firestore database instance.

1. Go to the Firestore viewer.

2. From the Select a database service screen, choose Firestore in Native mode.

3. Select a location for your Firestore.

   This location setting is your project's default Google Cloud Platform (GCP) resource location. Note that this location will be used for GCP services in your project that require a location setting, specifically, your default Cloud Storage bucket and your App Engine app (which is required if you use Cloud Scheduler).

   Warning: After you set your project's default GCP resource location, you cannot change it.

4. Click Create Database.

When you create a Firestore project, it also enables the API in the Cloud API Manager.

Set up authentication

To run the client library, you must first set up authentication by creating a service account and setting an environment variable.

Cloud Console

1. In the Cloud Console, go to the Create service account key page.

   Go to the Create Service Account Key page
2. From the Service account list, select New service account.
3. In the Service account name field, enter a name.

4. From the Role list, select Project > Owner.

   Note: The Role field affects which resources your service account can access in your project. You can revoke these roles or grant additional roles later. In production environments, do not grant the Owner, Editor, or Viewer roles. For more information, see Granting, changing, and revoking access to resources.
5. Click Create. A JSON file that contains your key downloads to your computer.

Command line

You can run the following commands using the Cloud SDK on your local machine, or in Cloud Shell.

1. Create the service account. Replace NAME with a name for the service account.

   gcloud iam service-accounts create NAME

2. Grant permissions to the service account. Replace PROJECT_ID with your project ID.

   gcloud projects add-iam-policy-binding PROJECT_ID --member="serviceAccount:NAME@PROJECT_ID.iam.gserviceaccount.com" --role="roles/owner"

   Note: The --role flag affects which resources your service account can access in your project. You can revoke these roles or grant additional roles later. In production environments, do not grant the Owner, Editor, or Viewer roles. For more information, see Granting, changing, and revoking access to resources.

3. Generate the key file. Replace FILE_NAME with a name for the key file.

   gcloud iam service-accounts keys create FILE_NAME.json --iam-account=NAME@PROJECT_ID.iam.gserviceaccount.com

Provide authentication credentials to your application code by setting the environment variable GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS. Replace [PATH] with the file path of the JSON file that contains your service account key. This variable only applies to your current shell session, so if you open a new session, set the variable again.

Linux or macOS

export GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS="[PATH]"

For example:

export GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS="/home/user/Downloads/my-key.json"

Windows

With PowerShell:

$env:GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS="[PATH]"

For example:

$env:GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS="C:\Users\username\Downloads\my-key.json"

With command prompt:

set GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS=[PATH]

Add the server client library to your app

Add the required dependencies and client libraries to your app.

Java

Add the Firestore Java library to your app:

• Using Gradle:

  compile 'com.google.cloud:google-cloud-firestore:1.32.0'
  

• Using Maven:

  <dependencyManagement>
    <dependencies>
      <dependency>
        <groupId>com.google.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>libraries-bom</artifactId>
        <version>16.3.0</version>
        <type>pom</type>
        <scope>import</scope>
      </dependency>
    </dependencies>
  </dependencyManagement>
  
  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.google.cloud</groupId>
      <artifactId>google-cloud-firestore</artifactId>
    </dependency>
  pom.xml

• Using an IDE:

  If you're using IntelliJ or Eclipse, you can add client libraries to your project using these IDE plugins:

  • Cloud Tools for IntelliJ
  • Cloud Tools for Eclipse

  The plugins provide additional functionality, such as key management for service accounts. Refer to each plugin's documentation for details.

Python

Add the Firestore Python library to your app:

Note: We recommend that you use a virtual Python environment to install the Firestore Python library:

pip install virtualenv
virtualenv env
source env/bin/activate

pip install --upgrade google-cloud-firestore

Node.js

Add the Firestore Node.js library to your app:

npm install --save @google-cloud/firestore

Go

Install the Firestore Go library:

go get cloud.google.com/go/firestore

Add the Firestore Go library to your app:

import "cloud.google.com/go/firestore"

PHP

1. Install and enable the gRPC extension for PHP, which you will need to use the client library.
2. Add the Firestore PHP library to your app:

   composer require google/cloud-firestore

C#

1. Add the Firestore C# library to your app in your .csproj file:

   <ItemGroup>
     <PackageReference Include="Google.Cloud.Firestore" Version="1.1.0-beta01" />
   </ItemGroup>

2. Add the following to your Program.cs file:

   using Google.Cloud.Firestore;

Ruby

1. Add the Firestore Ruby library to your app in your Gemfile:

   gem "google-cloud-firestore"

2. Install dependencies from your Gemfile using:

   bundle install

Initialize Firestore

Initialize an instance of Firestore:

Java

import com.google.cloud.firestore.Firestore;
import com.google.cloud.firestore.FirestoreOptions;
FirestoreOptions firestoreOptions =
    FirestoreOptions.getDefaultInstance().toBuilder()
        .setProjectId(projectId)
        .setCredentials(GoogleCredentials.getApplicationDefault())
        .build();
Firestore db = firestoreOptions.getService();
Quickstart.java

Python

from google.cloud import firestore

# Project ID is determined by the GCLOUD_PROJECT environment variable
db = firestore.Client()
snippets.py

Node.js

const Firestore = require('@google-cloud/firestore');

const db = new Firestore({
  projectId: 'YOUR_PROJECT_ID',
  keyFilename: '/path/to/keyfile.json',
});

Go

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"log"

	"google.golang.org/api/iterator"

	"cloud.google.com/go/firestore"
)

func createClient(ctx context.Context) *firestore.Client {
	// Sets your Google Cloud Platform project ID.
	projectID := "YOUR_PROJECT_ID"

	client, err := firestore.NewClient(ctx, projectID)
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatalf("Failed to create client: %v", err)
	}
	// Close client when done with
	// defer client.Close()
	return client
}
main.go

PHP

use Google\Cloud\Firestore\FirestoreClient;

/**
 * Initialize Cloud Firestore with default project ID.
 * ```
 * initialize();
 * ```
 */
function initialize()
{
    // Create the Cloud Firestore client
    $db = new FirestoreClient();
    printf('Created Cloud Firestore client with default project ID.' . PHP_EOL);
}
initialize.php

C#

FirestoreDb db = FirestoreDb.Create(project);
Console.WriteLine("Created Cloud Firestore client with project ID: {0}", project);
Program.cs

Ruby

require "google/cloud/firestore"

firestore = Google::Cloud::Firestore.new project_id: project_id

puts "Created Cloud Firestore client with given project ID."
quickstart.rb

Add data

Firestore stores data in Documents, which are stored in Collections. Firestore creates collections and documents implicitly the first time you add data to the document. You do not need to explicitly create collections or documents.

Create a new collection and a document using the following example code.

Java

DocumentReference docRef = db.collection("users").document("alovelace");
// Add document data  with id "alovelace" using a hashmap
Map<String, Object> data = new HashMap<>();
data.put("first", "Ada");
data.put("last", "Lovelace");
data.put("born", 1815);
//asynchronously write data
ApiFuture<WriteResult> result = docRef.set(data);
// ...
// result.get() blocks on response
System.out.println("Update time : " + result.get().getUpdateTime());
Quickstart.java
  

Python

doc_ref = db.collection(u'users').document(u'alovelace')
doc_ref.set({
    u'first': u'Ada',
    u'last': u'Lovelace',
    u'born': 1815
})
snippets.py
  

Node.js

const docRef = db.collection('users').doc('alovelace');

await docRef.set({
  first: 'Ada',
  last: 'Lovelace',
  born: 1815
});
index.js
  

Go

_, _, err := client.Collection("users").Add(ctx, map[string]interface{}{
	"first": "Ada",
	"last":  "Lovelace",
	"born":  1815,
})
if err != nil {
	log.Fatalf("Failed adding alovelace: %v", err)
}
main.go
  

PHP

$docRef = $db->collection('users')->document('lovelace');
$docRef->set([
    'first' => 'Ada',
    'last' => 'Lovelace',
    'born' => 1815
]);
printf('Added data to the lovelace document in the users collection.' . PHP_EOL);
add_data.php
  

C#

DocumentReference docRef = db.Collection("users").Document("alovelace");
Dictionary<string, object> user = new Dictionary<string, object>
{
    { "First", "Ada" },
    { "Last", "Lovelace" },
    { "Born", 1815 }
};
await docRef.SetAsync(user);
Program.cs
  

Ruby

doc_ref = firestore.doc "#{collection_path}/alovelace"

doc_ref.set(
  first: "Ada",
  last:  "Lovelace",
  born:  1815
)

puts "Added data to the alovelace document in the users collection."
quickstart.rb
  

Now add another document to the users collection. Notice that this document includes a key-value pair (middle name) that does not appear in the first document. Documents in a collection can contain different sets of information.

Java

DocumentReference docRef = db.collection("users").document("aturing");
// Add document data with an additional field ("middle")
Map<String, Object> data = new HashMap<>();
data.put("first", "Alan");
data.put("middle", "Mathison");
data.put("last", "Turing");
data.put("born", 1912);

ApiFuture<WriteResult> result = docRef.set(data);
System.out.println("Update time : " + result.get().getUpdateTime());
Quickstart.java
  

Python

doc_ref = db.collection(u'users').document(u'aturing')
doc_ref.set({
    u'first': u'Alan',
    u'middle': u'Mathison',
    u'last': u'Turing',
    u'born': 1912
})
snippets.py
  

Node.js

const aTuringRef = db.collection('users').doc('aturing');

await aTuringRef.set({
  'first': 'Alan',
  'middle': 'Mathison',
  'last': 'Turing',
  'born': 1912
});
index.js
  

Go

_, _, err = client.Collection("users").Add(ctx, map[string]interface{}{
	"first":  "Alan",
	"middle": "Mathison",
	"last":   "Turing",
	"born":   1912,
})
if err != nil {
	log.Fatalf("Failed adding aturing: %v", err)
}
main.go
  

PHP

$docRef = $db->collection('users')->document('aturing');
$docRef->set([
    'first' => 'Alan',
    'middle' => 'Mathison',
    'last' => 'Turing',
    'born' => 1912
]);
printf('Added data to the aturing document in the users collection.' . PHP_EOL);
add_data.php
  

C#

DocumentReference docRef = db.Collection("users").Document("aturing");
Dictionary<string, object> user = new Dictionary<string, object>
{
    { "First", "Alan" },
    { "Middle", "Mathison" },
    { "Last", "Turing" },
    { "Born", 1912 }
};
await docRef.SetAsync(user);
Program.cs
  

Ruby

doc_ref = firestore.doc "#{collection_path}/aturing"

doc_ref.set(
  first:  "Alan",
  middle: "Mathison",
  last:   "Turing",
  born:   1912
)

puts "Added data to the aturing document in the users collection."
quickstart.rb
  

Read data

To quickly verify that you've added data to Firestore, use the data viewer in the Firebase console.

You can also use the get method to retrieve the entire collection.

Java

// asynchronously retrieve all users
ApiFuture<QuerySnapshot> query = db.collection("users").get();
// ...
// query.get() blocks on response
QuerySnapshot querySnapshot = query.get();
List<QueryDocumentSnapshot> documents = querySnapshot.getDocuments();
for (QueryDocumentSnapshot document : documents) {
  System.out.println("User: " + document.getId());
  System.out.println("First: " + document.getString("first"));
  if (document.contains("middle")) {
    System.out.println("Middle: " + document.getString("middle"));
  }
  System.out.println("Last: " + document.getString("last"));
  System.out.println("Born: " + document.getLong("born"));
}
Quickstart.java
  

Python

users_ref = db.collection(u'users')
docs = users_ref.stream()

for doc in docs:
    print(f'{doc.id} => {doc.to_dict()}')
snippets.py
  

Node.js

const snapshot = await db.collection('users').get();
snapshot.forEach((doc) => {
  console.log(doc.id, '=>', doc.data());
});
index.js
  

Go

iter := client.Collection("users").Documents(ctx)
for {
	doc, err := iter.Next()
	if err == iterator.Done {
		break
	}
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatalf("Failed to iterate: %v", err)
	}
	fmt.Println(doc.Data())
}
main.go
  

PHP

$usersRef = $db->collection('users');
$snapshot = $usersRef->documents();
foreach ($snapshot as $user) {
    printf('User: %s' . PHP_EOL, $user->id());
    printf('First: %s' . PHP_EOL, $user['first']);
    if (!empty($user['middle'])) {
        printf('Middle: %s' . PHP_EOL, $user['middle']);
    }
    printf('Last: %s' . PHP_EOL, $user['last']);
    printf('Born: %d' . PHP_EOL, $user['born']);
    printf(PHP_EOL);
}
printf('Retrieved and printed out all documents from the users collection.' . PHP_EOL);
get_all.php
  

C#

CollectionReference usersRef = db.Collection("users");
QuerySnapshot snapshot = await usersRef.GetSnapshotAsync();
foreach (DocumentSnapshot document in snapshot.Documents)
{
    Console.WriteLine("User: {0}", document.Id);
    Dictionary<string, object> documentDictionary = document.ToDictionary();
    Console.WriteLine("First: {0}", documentDictionary["First"]);
    if (documentDictionary.ContainsKey("Middle"))
    {
        Console.WriteLine("Middle: {0}", documentDictionary["Middle"]);
    }
    Console.WriteLine("Last: {0}", documentDictionary["Last"]);
    Console.WriteLine("Born: {0}", documentDictionary["Born"]);
    Console.WriteLine();
}
Program.cs
  

Ruby

users_ref = firestore.col collection_path
users_ref.get do |user|
  puts "#{user.document_id} data: #{user.data}."
end
quickstart.rb
  

Next steps

Deepen your knowledge with the following topics:

• Data model — Learn more about how data is structured in Firestore, including hierarchical data and subcollections.
• Add data — Learn more about creating and updating data in Firestore.
• Get data — Learn more about how to retrieve data.
• Perform simple and compound queries — Learn how to run simple and compound queries.
• Order and limit queries — Learn how to order and limit the data returned by your queries.