Deploy workloads

This page describes the steps to deploy workloads on your Google Distributed Cloud Edge hardware and the limitations that you must adhere to when configuring your workloads.

Before you complete these steps, you must meet the Distributed Cloud Edge installation requirements and order the Distributed Cloud Edge hardware.

When the Google Distributed Cloud Edge hardware arrives at your chosen destination, it is pre-configured with hardware, Google Cloud, and some network settings that you specified when you ordered Distributed Cloud Edge.

Google installers complete the physical installation, and your system administrator connects Distributed Cloud Edge to your local network.

After the hardware is connected to your local network, it communicates with Google Cloud to download software updates and connect with your Google Cloud project. You are then ready to provision node pools and deploy workloads on Distributed Cloud Edge.

Deployment overview

To deploy a workload on your Distributed Cloud Edge hardware, complete the following steps:

  1. Optional: Enable the Distributed Cloud Edge Network API.

  2. Optional: Initialize the network configuration of your Distributed Cloud Edge zone.

  3. Optional: Configure Distributed Cloud Edge networking.

  4. Create a Distributed Cloud Edge cluster.

  5. Optional: Enable support for customer-managed encryption keys (CMEK) for local storage if you want to integrate with Cloud Key Management Service to enable support for CMEK for your workload data. For information about how Distributed Cloud Edge encrypts workload data, see Local storage security.

  6. Create a node pool. In this step, you assign nodes to a node pool and optionally configure the node pool to use Cloud KMS to wrap and unwrap the Linux Unified Key Setup (LUKS) passphrase for encrypting workload data.

  7. Obtain credentials for a cluster to test the cluster.

  8. Grant users access to the cluster by assigning them the Edge Container Viewer role (roles/edgecontainer.viewer) or the Edge Container Admin role (roles/edgecontainer.admin) on the project.

  9. Assign users granular role-based access to the cluster resources by using RoleBinding and ClusterRoleBinding.

  10. Optional: Enable VM Runtime on Google Distributed Cloud support to run workloads on virtual machines on Distributed Cloud Edge.

  11. Optional: Enable GPU support to run GPU-based workloads on Distributed Cloud Edge.

  12. Optional: Connect the Distributed Cloud Edge cluster to Google Cloud:

    1. Create a VPN connection to your Google Cloud project.

    2. Check that the VPN connection is operational.

  13. Optional: Configure Private Google Access to let your Pods access Google Cloud APIs and services by using Cloud VPN.

  14. Optional: Configure Private Service Connect to let your Pods access Google Cloud APIs and services by using Cloud VPN.

Deploy the NGINX load balancer as a service

The following example illustrates how to deploy the NGINX server and expose it as a service on a Distributed Cloud Edge cluster:

  1. Create a YAML file named nginx-deployment.yaml with the following contents:

    apiVersion: apps/v1
    kind: Deployment
    metadata:
    name: nginx
    labels:
      app: nginx
    spec:
    replicas: 1
    selector:
      matchLabels:
         app: nginx
    template:
      metadata:
         labels:
         app: nginx
      spec:
         containers:
         - name: nginx
         image: nginx:latest
         ports:
         - containerPort: 80 
    
  2. Apply the YAML file to the cluster using the following command:

    kubectl apply -f nginx-deployment.yaml
    
  3. Create a YAML file named nginx-service.yaml with the following contents:

    apiVersion: v1
    kind: Service
    metadata:
    name: nginx-service
    spec:
    type: LoadBalancer
    selector:
      app: nginx
      ports:
         - protocol: TCP
           port: 8080
           targetPort: 80
    
  4. Apply the YAML file to the cluster using the following command:

    kubectl apply -f nginx-deployment.yaml
    
  5. Obtain the external IP address assigned to the service by the MetalLB load balancer using the following command:

    kubectl get services
    

    The command returns output similar to the following:

    NAME            TYPE           CLUSTER-IP     EXTERNAL-IP     PORT(S)          AGE
    nginx-service   LoadBalancer   10.51.195.25   10.100.68.104   8080:31966/TCP   11d
    

Deploy a container with SR-IOV functions

The following example illustrates how to deploy a Pod that uses the SR-IOV network function operator features of Distributed Cloud Edge.

Create the Distributed Cloud Edge networking components

Create the required Distributed Cloud Edge networking components as follows. For more information on these components, see Distributed Cloud Edge networking features.

  1. Create a network:

    gcloud edge-cloud networking networks create NETWORK_NAME \
        --location=REGION \
        --zone=ZONE_NAME \
        --mtu=MTU_SIZE
    

    Replace the following:

    • NETWORK_NAME: a descriptive name that uniquely identifies this network.
    • REGION: the Google Cloud region to which the target Distributed Cloud Edge zone belongs.
    • ZONE_NAME: the name of the target Distributed Cloud Edge zone.
    • MTU_SIZE: the maximum transmission unit (MTU) size for this network. Valid values are 1500 and 9000. This value must match the MTU size of the default network and be the same for all networks.
  2. Create a subnetwork:

    gcloud edge-cloud networking subnets create SUBNETWORK_NAME \
        --network=NETWORK_NAME \
        --ipv4-range=IPV4_RANGE \
        --vlan-id=VLAN_ID \
        --location=REGION \
        --zone=ZONE_NAME
    

    Replace the following:

    • SUBNETWORK_NAME: a descriptive name that uniquely identifies this subnetwork.
    • NETWORK_NAME: the network that encapsulates this subnetwork.
    • IPV4_RANGE: the IPv4 address range that this subnetwork covers in the IP address/prefix format.
    • VLAN_ID: the target VLAN ID for this subnetwork.
    • REGION: the Google Cloud region to which the target Distributed Cloud Edge zone belongs.
    • ZONE_NAME: the name of the target Distributed Cloud Edge zone.
  3. Monitor the subnetwork's status until it has been successfully created:

    watch -n 30 'gcloud edge-cloud networking subnets list \
        --location=REGION \
        --zone=ZONE_NAME
    

    Replace the following:

    • REGION: the Google Cloud region to which the target Distributed Cloud Edge zone belongs.
    • ZONE_NAME: the name of the target Distributed Cloud Edge zone.

    The status progresses from PENDING to PROVISIONING and finally to RUNNING.

    Record the VLAN ID, subnetwork CIDR block, and the gateway IP address for the CIDR block. You will use these values later in this procedure.

Configure the NodeSystemConfigUpdate resources

Configure a NodeSystemConfigUpdate network function operator resource for each node in the cluster as follows.

  1. List the nodes running in the target cluster's node pool using the following command:

    kubectl get nodes | grep -v master
    

    The command returns output similar to the following:

    NAME                                 STATUS   ROLES       AGE     VERSION
    pool-example-node-1-01-b2d82cc7      Ready    <none>      2d      v1.22.8-gke.200
    pool-example-node-1-02-52ddvfc9      Ready    <none>      2d      v1.22.8-gke.200
    

    Record the returned node names and derive their short names. For example, for the pool-example-node-1-01-b2d82cc7 node, its short name is node101.

  2. For each node you've recorded in the previous step, create a dedicated NodeSystemConfigUpdate resource file with the following contents:

    apiVersion: networking.gke.io/v1
    kind: NodeSystemConfigUpdate
    metadata:
    name: nodesystemconfigupdate-NODE_SHORT_NAME
    namespace: nf-operator
    spec:
    kubeletConfig:
      cpuManagerPolicy: Static
      topologyManagerPolicy: SingleNumaNode
    nodeName: NODE_NAME
    osConfig:
      hugePagesConfig:
         ONE_GB: 2
         TWO_MB: 0
      isolatedCpusPerSocket:
         "0": 40
         "1": 40
    sysctls:
      nodeLevel:
         net.core.rmem_max: "8388608"
         net.core.wmem_max: "8388608"
    

    Replace the following:

    • NODE_NAME: the full name of the target node. For example, pool-example-node-1-01-b2d82cc7.
    • NODE_SHORT_NAME: the short name of the target node derived from its full name. For example, node101.

    Name each file node-system-config-update-NODE_SHORT_NAME.yaml.

  3. Apply each of the NodeSystemConfigUpdate resource files to the cluster using the following command:

    kubectl apply -f node-system-config-update-NODE_SHORT_NAME.yaml
    

    Replace NODE_SHORT_NAME with the short name of the corresponding target node.

    When you apply the resources to the cluster, each affected node reboots, which can take up to 30 minutes.

    1. Monitor the status of the affected nodes until all have successfully rebooted:
    kubectl get nodes | grep -v master
    

    The status of each node transitions from not-ready to ready as their reboots complete.

Configure the ToR switches for SR-IOV network functions

Follow the steps in this section to configure the network interfaces in each Distributed Cloud Edge ToR switch in the Distributed Cloud Edge rack for SR-IOV network functions operation.

  1. Create a file named mlnc6-pcie1-tor1-sriov.yaml with the following contents. This file configures the first network interface on the first ToR switch.

      apiVersion: sriovnetwork.k8s.cni.cncf.io/v1
      kind: SriovNetworkNodePolicy
      metadata:
      name: mlnx6-pcie1-tor1-sriov
      namespace: sriov-network-operator
      spec:
      deviceType: netdevice
      isRdma: false
      linkType: eth
      mtu: 9000
      nicSelector:
         pfNames:
         - enp59s0f0np0
      nodeSelector:
         edgecontainer.googleapis.com/network-sriov.capable: "true"
      numVfs: 31
      priority: 99
      resourceName: mlnx6_pcie1_tor1_sriov
    
  2. Create a file named mlnc6-pcie1-tor2-sriov.yaml with the following contents. This file configures the second network interface on the first ToR switch.

      apiVersion: sriovnetwork.k8s.cni.cncf.io/v1
      kind: SriovNetworkNodePolicy
      metadata:
      name: mlnx6-pcie1-tor2-sriov
      namespace: sriov-network-operator
      spec:
      deviceType: netdevice
      isRdma: false
      linkType: eth
      mtu: 9000
      nicSelector:
         pfNames:
         - enp59s0f1np1
      nodeSelector:
         edgecontainer.googleapis.com/network-sriov.capable: "true"
      numVfs: 31
      priority: 99
      resourceName: mlnx6_pcie1_tor2_sriov
    
  3. Create a file named mlnc6-pcie2-tor1-sriov.yaml with the following contents. This file configures the first network interface on the second ToR switch.

      apiVersion: sriovnetwork.k8s.cni.cncf.io/v1
      kind: SriovNetworkNodePolicy
      metadata:
      name: mlnx6-pcie2-tor1-sriov
      namespace: sriov-network-operator
      spec:
      deviceType: netdevice
      isRdma: false
      linkType: eth
      mtu: 9000
      nicSelector:
         pfNames:
         - enp216s0f0np0
      nodeSelector:
         edgecontainer.googleapis.com/network-sriov.capable: "true"
      numVfs: 31
      priority: 99
      resourceName: mlnx6_pcie2_tor1_sriov
    
  4. Create a file named mlnc6-pcie2-tor2-sriov.yaml with the following contents. This file configures the second network interface on the second ToR switch.

      apiVersion: sriovnetwork.k8s.cni.cncf.io/v1
      kind: SriovNetworkNodePolicy
      metadata:
      name: mlnx6-pcie2-tor2-sriov
      namespace: sriov-network-operator
      spec:
      deviceType: netdevice
      isRdma: false
      linkType: eth
      mtu: 9000
      nicSelector:
         pfNames:
         - enp216s0f1np1
      nodeSelector:
         edgecontainer.googleapis.com/network-sriov.capable: "true"
      numVfs: 31
      priority: 99
      resourceName: mlnx6_pcie2_tor2_sriov
    
  5. Apply the ToR configuration files to the cluster using the following commands:

    kubectl apply -f mlnc6-pcie1-tor1-sriov.yaml
    kubectl apply -f mlnc6-pcie1-tor2-sriov.yaml
    kubectl apply -f mlnc6-pcie2-tor1-sriov.yaml
    kubectl apply -f mlnc6-pcie2-tor2-sriov.yaml
    

    The affected nodes are cordoned off, drained, and rebooted.

  6. Monitor the status of the nodes using the following command:

    watch -n 5 'kubectl get sriovnetworknodestates -o yaml -A | \ 
    grep "syncStatus\|pool-"|sed "N;s/\n/ /"'
    

    When all affected nodes show syncStatus: Succeeded, press Ctrl+C to exit the monitoring command loop.

    The command returns output similar to the following, indicating that the SR-IOV network function features have been enabled on the ToR switches:

    Allocated resources:
    (Total limits may be over 100 percent, i.e., overcommitted.)
    Resource                       Requests     Limits
    --------                       --------     ------
    cpu                            2520m (3%)   7310m (9%)
    memory                         3044Mi (1%)  9774Mi (3%)
    ephemeral-storage              0 (0%)       0 (0%)
    hugepages-1Gi                  0 (0%)       0 (0%)
    hugepages-2Mi                  0 (0%)       0 (0%)
    devices.kubevirt.io/kvm        0            0
    devices.kubevirt.io/tun        0            0
    devices.kubevirt.io/vhost-net  0            0
    gke.io/mlnx6_pcie1_tor1_sriov  3            3
    gke.io/mlnx6_pcie1_tor2_sriov  0            0
    gke.io/mlnx6_pcie2_tor1_sriov  0            0
    gke.io/mlnx6_pcie2_tor2_sriov  0            0
    

Configure a NetworkAttachmentDefinition resource

Configure a NetworkAttachmentDefinition resource for the cluster as follows:

  1. Create a file named network-attachment-definition.yaml with the following contents:

    apiVersion: "k8s.cni.cncf.io/v1"
    kind: NetworkAttachmentDefinition
    metadata:
    name: sriov-net1
    annotations:
      k8s.v1.cni.cncf.io/resourceName: gke.io/mlnx6_pcie1_tor1_sriov
    spec:
    config: '{
    "type": "sriov",
    "cniVersion": "0.3.1",
    "vlan": VLAN_ID,
    "name": "sriov-network",
    "ipam": {
      "type": "host-local",
      "subnet": "SUBNETWORK_CIDR",
      "routes": [{
         "dst": "0.0.0.0/0"
      }],
      "gateway": "GATEWAY_ADDRESS"
    }
    }'
    

Replace the following:

  • VLAN_ID: the VLAN ID of the subnetwork you created earlier in this guide.
  • SUBNETWORK_CIDR: the CIDR block for the subnetwork.
  • GATEWAY_ADDRESS: the gateway IP address for the subnetwork.
  1. Apply the resource to the cluster using the following command:

    kubectl apply -f network-attachment-definition.yaml
    

Deploy a Pod with SR-IOV network functions

Complete the steps in this section to deploy a Pod with SR-IOV network functions on the cluster. The annotations field in the Pod's configuration file specifies the name of the NetworkAttachmentDefinition resource you created earlier in this guide and the namespace in which it has been deployed (default in this example).

  1. Create a Pod specification file named sriovpod.yaml with the following contents:

         apiVersion: v1
         kind: Pod
         metadata:
         name: sriovpod
         annotations:
            k8s.v1.cni.cncf.io/networks: default/sriov-net1
         spec:
         containers:
         - name: sleeppodsriov
            command: ["sh", "-c", "trap : TERM INT; sleep infinity & wait"]
            image: busybox
            securityContext:
               capabilities:
               add:
                  - NET_ADMIN
    
  2. Apply the Pod specification file to the cluster using the following command:

    kubectl apply -f sriovpod.yaml
    
  3. Verify that the Pod has successfully started using the following command:

    kubectl get pods
    
  4. Establish a command-line shell for the Pod using the following command:

    kubectl exec -it sriovpod -- sh
    
  5. Confirm that the Pod is communicating with the ToR switches using the SR-IOV network function operator feature using the following command in the Pod shell:

    ip addr
    

    The command returns output similar to the following:

    1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue qlen 1000
       link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
       inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
          valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
       inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
          valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    51: net1: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 9000 qdisc mq qlen 1000
       link/ether 2a:af:96:a5:42:ab brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
       inet 192.168.100.11/25 brd 192.168.100.127 scope global net1
          valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    228: eth0@if229: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP,M-DOWN> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue qlen 1000
       link/ether 46:c9:1d:4c:bf:32 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
       inet 10.10.3.159/32 scope global eth0
          valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
       inet6 fe80::44c9:1dff:fe4c:bf32/64 scope link 
          valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    

    The information returned for the net1 interface denotes that network connectivity between the ToR switches and the Pod has been established.

Limitations for Distributed Cloud Edge workloads

When you configure your Distributed Cloud Edge workloads, you must adhere to the limitations described in this section. These limitations are enforced by Distributed Cloud Edge on all the workloads that you deploy on your Distributed Cloud Edge hardware.

Linux workload limitations

Distributed Cloud Edge supports only the following Linux capabilities for workloads:

  • AUDIT_READ
  • AUDIT_WRITE
  • CHOWN
  • DAC_OVERRIDE
  • FOWNER
  • FSETID
  • IPC_LOCK
  • IPC_OWNER
  • KILL
  • MKNOD
  • NET_ADMIN
  • NET_BIND_SERVICE
  • NET_RAW
  • SETFCAP
  • SETGID
  • SETPCAP
  • SETUID
  • SYS_CHROOT
  • SYS_NICE
  • SYS_PACCT
  • SYS_PTRACE
  • SYS_RESOURCE
  • SYS_TIME

Namespace restrictions

Distributed Cloud Edge does not support the following namespaces:

  • hostPID
  • hostIPC
  • hostNetwork

Resource type restrictions

Distributed Cloud Edge does not support the CertificateSigningRequest resource type, which allows a client to ask for an X.509 certificate to be issued, based on a signing request.

Security context restrictions

Distributed Cloud Edge does not support the privileged mode security context.

Pod binding restrictions

Distributed Cloud Edge does not support binding Pods to host ports in the HostNetwork namespace. Additionally, the HostNetwork namespace is not available.

hostPath volume restrictions

Distributed Cloud Edge only allows the following hostPath volumes with read/write access:

  • /dev/hugepages
  • /dev/infiniband
  • /dev/vfio
  • /dev/char
  • /sys/devices

PersistentVolumeClaim resource type restrictions

Distributed Cloud Edge only allows the following PersistentVolumeClaim resource types:

  • csi
  • nfs
  • local

Volume type restrictions

Distributed Cloud Edge only allows the following volume types:

  • configMap
  • csi
  • downwardAPI
  • emptyDir
  • hostPath
  • nfs
  • persistentVolumeClaim
  • projected
  • secret

Pod toleration restrictions

Distributed Cloud Edge does not allow user-created Pods on control plane nodes. Specifically, Distributed Cloud Edge does not allow scheduling Pods that have the following toleration keys:

  • ""
  • node-role.kubernetes.io/master
  • node-role.kubernetes.io/control-plane

Impersonation restrictions

Distributed Cloud Edge does not support user or group impersonation.

Management namespace restrictions

Distributed Cloud Edge does not allow users to access the following namespaces:

  • kube-system with the exception of deleting ippools.whereabouts.cni.cncf.io
  • anthos-identity-service
  • cert-manager
  • gke-connect
  • kubevirt
  • metallb-system with the exception of editing configMap resources to set load-balancing IP address ranges
  • nf-operator
  • sriov-network-operator

Webhook restrictions

Distributed Cloud Edge restricts webhooks as follows:

  • Any mutating webhook that you create automatically excludes the kube-system namespace.
  • Mutating webhooks are disabled for the following resource types:
    • nodes
    • persistentvolumes
    • certificatesigningrequests
    • tokenreviews

What's next