Template Bigtable ke Cloud Storage Parquet

Template Bigtable ke Cloud Storage Parquet adalah pipeline yang membaca data dari tabel Bigtable dan menulisnya ke bucket Cloud Storage dalam format Parquet. Anda dapat menggunakan template untuk memindahkan data dari Bigtable ke Cloud Storage.

Persyaratan pipeline

Tabel Bigtable harus ada.
Bucket Cloud Storage output harus ada sebelum menjalankan pipeline.

Parameter template

Parameter	Deskripsi
`bigtableProjectId`	ID project Google Cloud dari instance Bigtable yang datanya ingin Anda baca.
`bigtableInstanceId`	ID instance Bigtable yang berisi tabel.
`bigtableTableId`	ID tabel Bigtable yang akan diekspor.
`outputDirectory`	Jalur Cloud Storage tempat data ditulis. Misalnya, `gs://mybucket/somefolder`.
`filenamePrefix`	Awalan nama file Parquet. Misalnya, `output-`.
`numShards`	Jumlah shard file output. Misalnya `2`.

Menjalankan template

Konsol

Buka halaman Create job from template Dataflow.

Buka Buat tugas dari template

Di kolom Job name, masukkan nama pekerjaan yang unik.
Opsional: Untuk Endpoint regional, pilih nilai dari menu drop-down. Region default-nya adalah us-central1.
Untuk daftar region tempat Anda dapat menjalankan tugas Dataflow, lihat Lokasi Dataflow.
Dari menu drop-down Dataflow template, pilih the Cloud Bigtable to Parquet Files on Cloud Storage template.
Di kolom parameter yang disediakan, masukkan parameter value Anda.
Klik Run job.

gcloud

Di shell atau terminal Anda, jalankan template:

gcloud dataflow jobs run JOB_NAME \
    --gcs-location gs://dataflow-templates-REGION_NAME/VERSION/Cloud_Bigtable_to_GCS_Parquet \
    --region REGION_NAME \
    --parameters \
bigtableProjectId=BIGTABLE_PROJECT_ID,\
bigtableInstanceId=INSTANCE_ID,\
bigtableTableId=TABLE_ID,\
outputDirectory=OUTPUT_DIRECTORY,\
filenamePrefix=FILENAME_PREFIX,\
numShards=NUM_SHARDS

Ganti kode berikut:

JOB_NAME: nama pekerjaan unik pilihan Anda
VERSION: versi template yang ingin Anda gunakan
Anda dapat menggunakan nilai berikut:
- latest untuk menggunakan versi terbaru template, yang tersedia di folder induk tidak bertanggal di bucket— gs://dataflow-templates-REGION_NAME/latest/
- nama versi, seperti 2023-09-12-00_RC00, untuk menggunakan versi template tertentu, yang dapat ditemukan bertingkat di folder induk bertanggal masing-masing dalam bucket— gs://dataflow-templates-REGION_NAME/
Perhatian: Versi terbaru template mungkin diperbarui dengan perubahan yang dapat menyebabkan gangguan. Lingkungan produksi Anda harus menggunakan template yang disimpan di folder induk bertanggal terbaru agar perubahan yang dapat menyebabkan gangguan ini tidak memengaruhi alur kerja produksi Anda.
REGION_NAME: region tempat Anda ingin men-deploy tugas Dataflow, misalnya us-central1
BIGTABLE_PROJECT_ID: ID project Google Cloud dari instance Bigtable yang datanya ingin Anda baca
INSTANCE_ID: ID instance Bigtable yang berisi tabel
TABLE_ID: ID tabel Bigtable yang akan diekspor
OUTPUT_DIRECTORY: jalur Cloud Storage tempat data ditulis, misalnya, gs://mybucket/somefolder
FILENAME_PREFIX: awalan nama file Parquet, misalnya, output-
NUM_SHARDS: jumlah file Parquet yang akan dihasilkan, misalnya, 1

API

Untuk menjalankan template menggunakan REST API, kirim permintaan HTTP POST. Untuk informasi selengkapnya tentang API dan cakupan otorisasinya, lihat projects.templates.launch.

POST https://dataflow.googleapis.com/v1b3/projects/PROJECT_ID/locations/LOCATION/templates:launch?gcsPath=gs://dataflow-templates-LOCATION/VERSION/Cloud_Bigtable_to_GCS_Parquet
{
   "jobName": "JOB_NAME",
   "parameters": {
       "bigtableProjectId": "BIGTABLE_PROJECT_ID",
       "bigtableInstanceId": "INSTANCE_ID",
       "bigtableTableId": "TABLE_ID",
       "outputDirectory": "OUTPUT_DIRECTORY",
       "filenamePrefix": "FILENAME_PREFIX",
       "numShards": "NUM_SHARDS"
   },
   "environment": { "zone": "us-central1-f" }
}

Ganti kode berikut:

PROJECT_ID: ID project Google Cloud tempat Anda ingin menjalankan tugas Dataflow
JOB_NAME: nama pekerjaan unik pilihan Anda
VERSION: versi template yang ingin Anda gunakan
Anda dapat menggunakan nilai berikut:
- latest untuk menggunakan versi terbaru template, yang tersedia di folder induk tidak bertanggal di bucket— gs://dataflow-templates-REGION_NAME/latest/
- nama versi, seperti 2023-09-12-00_RC00, untuk menggunakan versi template tertentu, yang dapat ditemukan bertingkat di folder induk bertanggal masing-masing dalam bucket— gs://dataflow-templates-REGION_NAME/
Perhatian: Versi terbaru template mungkin diperbarui dengan perubahan yang dapat menyebabkan gangguan. Lingkungan produksi Anda harus menggunakan template yang disimpan di folder induk bertanggal terbaru agar perubahan yang dapat menyebabkan gangguan ini tidak memengaruhi alur kerja produksi Anda.
LOCATION: region tempat Anda ingin men-deploy tugas Dataflow, misalnya us-central1
BIGTABLE_PROJECT_ID: ID project Google Cloud dari instance Bigtable yang datanya ingin Anda baca
INSTANCE_ID: ID instance Bigtable yang berisi tabel
TABLE_ID: ID tabel Bigtable yang akan diekspor
OUTPUT_DIRECTORY: jalur Cloud Storage tempat data ditulis, misalnya, gs://mybucket/somefolder
FILENAME_PREFIX: awalan nama file Parquet, misalnya, output-
NUM_SHARDS: jumlah file Parquet yang akan dihasilkan, misalnya, 1

Kode sumber template

Java

/*
 * Copyright (C) 2019 Google LLC
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not
 * use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of
 * the License at
 *
 *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
 * WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
 * License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under
 * the License.
 */
package com.google.cloud.teleport.bigtable;

import static com.google.cloud.teleport.bigtable.BigtableToAvro.toByteArray;

import com.google.bigtable.v2.Cell;
import com.google.bigtable.v2.Column;
import com.google.bigtable.v2.Family;
import com.google.bigtable.v2.Row;
import com.google.cloud.teleport.bigtable.BigtableToParquet.Options;
import com.google.cloud.teleport.metadata.Template;
import com.google.cloud.teleport.metadata.TemplateCategory;
import com.google.cloud.teleport.metadata.TemplateParameter;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericRecord;
import org.apache.avro.generic.GenericRecordBuilder;
import org.apache.beam.runners.dataflow.options.DataflowPipelineOptions;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.Pipeline;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.PipelineResult;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.extensions.avro.coders.AvroCoder;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.io.FileIO;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.io.gcp.bigtable.BigtableIO;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.io.parquet.ParquetIO;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.options.Default;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.options.PipelineOptions;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.options.PipelineOptionsFactory;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.options.ValueProvider;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.transforms.MapElements;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.transforms.SimpleFunction;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.values.PCollection;

/**
 * Dataflow pipeline that exports data from a Cloud Bigtable table to Parquet files in GCS.
 * Currently, filtering on Cloud Bigtable table is not supported.
 *
 * <p>Check out <a
 * href="https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/DataflowTemplates/blob/main/v1/README_Cloud_Bigtable_to_GCS_Parquet.md">README</a>
 * for instructions on how to use or modify this template.
 */
@Template(
    name = "Cloud_Bigtable_to_GCS_Parquet",
    category = TemplateCategory.BATCH,
    displayName = "Cloud Bigtable to Parquet Files on Cloud Storage",
    description =
        "The Bigtable to Cloud Storage Parquet template is a pipeline that reads data from a Bigtable table and writes it to a Cloud Storage bucket in Parquet format. "
            + "You can use the template to move data from Bigtable to Cloud Storage.",
    optionsClass = Options.class,
    documentation =
        "https://cloud.google.com/dataflow/docs/guides/templates/provided/bigtable-to-parquet",
    contactInformation = "https://cloud.google.com/support",
    requirements = {
      "The Bigtable table must exist.",
      "The output Cloud Storage bucket must exist before running the pipeline."
    })
public class BigtableToParquet {

  /** Options for the export pipeline. */
  public interface Options extends PipelineOptions {

    @TemplateParameter.ProjectId(
        order = 1,
        description = "Project ID",
        helpText =
            "The ID of the Google Cloud project of the Cloud Bigtable instance that you want to read data from")
    ValueProvider<String> getBigtableProjectId();

    @SuppressWarnings("unused")
    void setBigtableProjectId(ValueProvider<String> projectId);

    @TemplateParameter.Text(
        order = 2,
        regexes = {"[a-z][a-z0-9\\-]+[a-z0-9]"},
        description = "Instance ID",
        helpText = "The ID of the Cloud Bigtable instance that contains the table")
    ValueProvider<String> getBigtableInstanceId();

    @SuppressWarnings("unused")
    void setBigtableInstanceId(ValueProvider<String> instanceId);

    @TemplateParameter.Text(
        order = 3,
        regexes = {"[_a-zA-Z0-9][-_.a-zA-Z0-9]*"},
        description = "Table ID",
        helpText = "The ID of the Cloud Bigtable table to export")
    ValueProvider<String> getBigtableTableId();

    @SuppressWarnings("unused")
    void setBigtableTableId(ValueProvider<String> tableId);

    @TemplateParameter.GcsWriteFolder(
        order = 4,
        description = "Output file directory in Cloud Storage",
        helpText =
            "The path and filename prefix for writing output files. Must end with a slash. DateTime formatting is used to parse directory path for date & time formatters.",
        example = "gs://your-bucket/your-path")
    ValueProvider<String> getOutputDirectory();

    @SuppressWarnings("unused")
    void setOutputDirectory(ValueProvider<String> outputDirectory);

    @TemplateParameter.Text(
        order = 5,
        description = "Parquet file prefix",
        helpText = "The prefix of the Parquet file name. For example, \"table1-\"")
    @Default.String("part")
    ValueProvider<String> getFilenamePrefix();

    @SuppressWarnings("unused")
    void setFilenamePrefix(ValueProvider<String> filenamePrefix);

    @TemplateParameter.Integer(
        order = 6,
        optional = true,
        description = "Maximum output shards",
        helpText =
            "The maximum number of output shards produced when writing. A higher number of "
                + "shards means higher throughput for writing to Cloud Storage, but potentially higher "
                + "data aggregation cost across shards when processing output Cloud Storage files. "
                + "Default value is decided by Dataflow.")
    @Default.Integer(0)
    ValueProvider<Integer> getNumShards();

    @SuppressWarnings("unused")
    void setNumShards(ValueProvider<Integer> numShards);
  }

  /**
   * Main entry point for pipeline execution.
   *
   * @param args Command line arguments to the pipeline.
   */
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    Options options = PipelineOptionsFactory.fromArgs(args).withValidation().as(Options.class);

    PipelineResult result = run(options);

    // Wait for pipeline to finish only if it is not constructing a template.
    if (options.as(DataflowPipelineOptions.class).getTemplateLocation() == null) {
      result.waitUntilFinish();
    }
  }

  /**
   * Runs a pipeline to export data from a Cloud Bigtable table to Parquet file(s) in GCS.
   *
   * @param options arguments to the pipeline
   */
  public static PipelineResult run(Options options) {
    Pipeline pipeline = Pipeline.create(PipelineUtils.tweakPipelineOptions(options));
    BigtableIO.Read read =
        BigtableIO.read()
            .withProjectId(options.getBigtableProjectId())
            .withInstanceId(options.getBigtableInstanceId())
            .withTableId(options.getBigtableTableId());

    // Do not validate input fields if it is running as a template.
    if (options.as(DataflowPipelineOptions.class).getTemplateLocation() != null) {
      read = read.withoutValidation();
    }

    /**
     * Steps: 1) Read records from Bigtable. 2) Convert a Bigtable Row to a GenericRecord. 3) Write
     * GenericRecord(s) to GCS in parquet format.
     */
    pipeline
        .apply("Read from Bigtable", read)
        .apply("Transform to Parquet", MapElements.via(new BigtableToParquetFn()))
        .setCoder(AvroCoder.of(GenericRecord.class, BigtableRow.getClassSchema()))
        .apply(
            "Write to Parquet in GCS",
            FileIO.<GenericRecord>write()
                .via(ParquetIO.sink(BigtableRow.getClassSchema()))
                .to(options.getOutputDirectory())
                .withPrefix(options.getFilenamePrefix())
                .withSuffix(".parquet")
                .withNumShards(options.getNumShards()));

    return pipeline.run();
  }

  /**
   * Translates a {@link PCollection} of Bigtable {@link Row} to a {@link PCollection} of {@link
   * GenericRecord}.
   */
  static class BigtableToParquetFn extends SimpleFunction<Row, GenericRecord> {
    @Override
    public GenericRecord apply(Row row) {
      ByteBuffer key = ByteBuffer.wrap(toByteArray(row.getKey()));
      List<BigtableCell> cells = new ArrayList<>();
      for (Family family : row.getFamiliesList()) {
        String familyName = family.getName();
        for (Column column : family.getColumnsList()) {
          ByteBuffer qualifier = ByteBuffer.wrap(toByteArray(column.getQualifier()));
          for (Cell cell : column.getCellsList()) {
            long timestamp = cell.getTimestampMicros();
            ByteBuffer value = ByteBuffer.wrap(toByteArray(cell.getValue()));
            cells.add(new BigtableCell(familyName, qualifier, timestamp, value));
          }
        }
      }
      return new GenericRecordBuilder(BigtableRow.getClassSchema())
          .set("key", key)
          .set("cells", cells)
          .build();
    }
  }
}

Langkah selanjutnya

Pelajari Template Dataflow.
Lihat daftar template yang disediakan Google.