Esta página inclui scripts que ajudam na depuração e no uso do AlloyDB.
Migrar operações UPDATE e DELETE para tabelas de chaves não primárias
Para tabelas sem chaves primárias, o Database Migration Service oferece suporte à migração de snapshots iniciais e instruções INSERT durante a fase de captura de dados alterados (CDC).
Para atualizar os processos UPDATE e DELETE ausentes, consulte as seções posteriores deste documento.
Detectar dados ausentes entre a origem e o cluster de destino do AlloyDB
Identifique quais tabelas não têm chaves primárias:
select tab.table_schema,
tab.table_name
from information_schema.tables tab
left join information_schema.table_constraints tco
on tab.table_schema = tco.table_schema
and tab.table_name = tco.table_name
and tco.constraint_type = 'PRIMARY KEY'
where tab.table_type = 'BASE TABLE'
and tab.table_schema not in ('pg_catalog', 'information_schema', 'pglogical')
and tco.constraint_name is null
order by table_schema,
table_name;
Antes de iniciar a migração, verifique se há atualizações ou exclusões em todas as tabelas sem chaves primárias usando esta consulta:
SELECT schemaname,
relname,
n_tup_ins,
n_tup_upd,
n_tup_del
FROM pg_stat_user_tables
WHERE schemaname NOT IN
('pglogical', 'pg_catalog', 'information_schema');
Onde:
n_tup_ins: o número de linhas inseridas
n_tup_upd: número de linhas atualizadas (incluindo linhas atualizadas do HOT)
n_tup_del: número de linhas excluídas
Salve esses resultados em uma tabela separada ou em um arquivo.
Depois que a configuração da migração for concluída, execute a consulta novamente.
Compare os resultados com os da etapa 3.
Se houver diferenças nos valores de n_tup_upd ou n_tup_del na origem durante a migração, talvez haja algumas atualizações ou exclusões na origem.
Migrar dados manualmente da origem para as instâncias de destino do AlloyDB
Se você detectar algumas discrepâncias entre a origem e a instância de destino do AlloyDB, migre os dados usando uma destas opções:
Opção 1: compare manualmente os dados entre a origem e o destino do AlloyDB e execute as consultas SQL adequadas para atualizar apenas os dados que são diferentes entre a origem e a réplica.
Opção 3: use o comando COPY do Postgres para migrar seus dados. Consulte a documentação do PostgreSQL para mais informações. Essa etapa exige que a VM de réplica possa se conectar à VM de origem.
[[["Fácil de entender","easyToUnderstand","thumb-up"],["Meu problema foi resolvido","solvedMyProblem","thumb-up"],["Outro","otherUp","thumb-up"]],[["Difícil de entender","hardToUnderstand","thumb-down"],["Informações incorretas ou exemplo de código","incorrectInformationOrSampleCode","thumb-down"],["Não contém as informações/amostras de que eu preciso","missingTheInformationSamplesINeed","thumb-down"],["Problema na tradução","translationIssue","thumb-down"],["Outro","otherDown","thumb-down"]],["Última atualização 2025-09-05 UTC."],[[["\u003cp\u003eThis page provides debugging scripts and guidance for using AlloyDB, particularly focusing on data migration from PostgreSQL.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eDatabase Migration Service supports the initial snapshot and \u003ccode\u003eINSERT\u003c/code\u003e statements for tables without primary keys during migration, but manual steps are needed for \u003ccode\u003eUPDATE\u003c/code\u003e and \u003ccode\u003eDELETE\u003c/code\u003e operations.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eYou can detect potential data discrepancies between the source and destination by identifying tables without primary keys and tracking \u003ccode\u003eINSERT\u003c/code\u003e, \u003ccode\u003eUPDATE\u003c/code\u003e, and \u003ccode\u003eDELETE\u003c/code\u003e activity using queries against \u003ccode\u003einformation_schema\u003c/code\u003e and \u003ccode\u003epg_stat_user_tables\u003c/code\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eIf discrepancies are detected, manual migration options include comparing data and running SQL queries, utilizing \u003ccode\u003epg_dump\u003c/code\u003e and \u003ccode\u003epg_restore\u003c/code\u003e, or employing the Postgres \u003ccode\u003eCOPY\u003c/code\u003e command, which might require pre-migration data cleanup on the replica.\u003c/p\u003e\n"]]],[],null,["# Debugging and other tools\n\n\u003cbr /\u003e\n\n[MySQL](/database-migration/docs/mysql/debugging-tools \"View this page for the MySQL version of Database Migration Service.\") \\| [PostgreSQL](/database-migration/docs/postgres/debugging-tools \"View this page for the PostgreSQL version of Database Migration Service.\") \\| PostgreSQL to AlloyDB\n\n\u003cbr /\u003e\n\n\u003cbr /\u003e\n\n\u003cbr /\u003e\n\nOverview\n--------\n\nThis page includes scripts that help with debugging and using AlloyDB.\n\nMigrate UPDATE and DELETE operations for non-primary key tables\n---------------------------------------------------------------\n\nFor tables that don't have primary keys, Database Migration Service supports migration of the initial snapshot and `INSERT` statements during the change data capture (CDC) phase.\n\nTo update the missing `UPDATE` and `DELETE` processes, refer to the later sections of this document.\n\n### Detect missing data between the source and the AlloyDB destination cluster\n\n1. Identify which tables don't have primary keys: \n\n ```\n select tab.table_schema,\n tab.table_name\n from information_schema.tables tab\n left join information_schema.table_constraints tco \n on tab.table_schema = tco.table_schema\n and tab.table_name = tco.table_name \n and tco.constraint_type = 'PRIMARY KEY'\n where tab.table_type = 'BASE TABLE'\n and tab.table_schema not in ('pg_catalog', 'information_schema', 'pglogical')\n and tco.constraint_name is null\n order by table_schema,\n table_name;\n ```\n2. Before starting the migration, for all tables without primary keys, check if there are any updates or deletes using this query: \n\n ```\n SELECT schemaname,\n relname,\n n_tup_ins,\n n_tup_upd,\n n_tup_del\n FROM pg_stat_user_tables\n WHERE schemaname NOT IN\n ('pglogical', 'pg_catalog', 'information_schema');\n ```\n Where:\n - `n_tup_ins`: number of rows inserted\n - `n_tup_upd`: number of rows updated (includes HOT updated rows)\n - `n_tup_del`: number of rows deleted\n3. Save these results either in a separate table or in a file.\n4. After the migration setup is complete, run the query again.\n5. Compare the results with the results from step 3.\n\nIf there are differences in values of `n_tup_upd` or `n_tup_del` on the source during migration, there might be some updates or deletes on the source.\n| **Note:** You can manually reset `pg_stat_user_tables` using the `pg_stat_reset()` function. If this function is run on the source, the statistics might not reflect accurate information.\n\n### Manually migrate data from the source to the AlloyDB destination instances\n\nIf you detect there are some discrepancies between the source and AlloyDB destination instance, you can migrate the data using one of the options:\n\n- **Option 1**: Manually compare the data between the source and AlloyDB destination and execute appropriate SQL queries to update only the data that is different between the source and the replica.\n\n- **Option 2** : Run `pg_dump` and `pg_restore` for the tables without primary keys. See [Export data from an on-premises PostgreSQL server using pg_dump](/sql/docs/postgres/import-export/import-export-dmp#external-server) for more information.\n\n- **Option 3** : Use Postgres `COPY` command to migrate your data. See [PostgreSQL documentation](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/sql-copy.html) for more information. Note that this step requires the replica VM to be able to connect to the source VM.\n\n| For **Option 2** and **Option 3** , if there is any data that is already migrated on to the replica, those records might require cleanup before running the `pg_restore` or `COPY` commands. Please make changes accordingly."]]