「查詢游標」讓應用程式能夠方便地分批擷取查詢結果,而不會產生查詢偏移的負擔。執行擷取作業後,應用程式會取得一個游標,這個游標為不透明的 base64 編碼字串,用來標示最終擷取結果的索引位置。應用程式可以將這個字串儲存在 Datastore、Memcache、工作佇列工作酬載中,或以 HTTP GET 或 POST 參數的形式嵌入網頁中,然後將游標用作後續擷取作業的起點,從上次擷取結束的位置取得下一批結果。擷取作業也可以指定結束游標,用於限制傳回結果集的範圍。
fromgoogle.appengine.apiimportmemcachefromgoogle.appengine.extimportdb# class Person(db.Model): ...# Start a query for all Person entitiespeople=Person.all()# If the application stored a cursor during a previous request, use itperson_cursor=memcache.get('person_cursor')ifperson_cursor:people.with_cursor(start_cursor=person_cursor)# Iterate over the resultsforpersoninpeople:# Do something# Get updated cursor and store it for next timeperson_cursor=people.cursor()memcache.set('person_cursor',person_cursor)
[[["容易理解","easyToUnderstand","thumb-up"],["確實解決了我的問題","solvedMyProblem","thumb-up"],["其他","otherUp","thumb-up"]],[["難以理解","hardToUnderstand","thumb-down"],["資訊或程式碼範例有誤","incorrectInformationOrSampleCode","thumb-down"],["缺少我需要的資訊/範例","missingTheInformationSamplesINeed","thumb-down"],["翻譯問題","translationIssue","thumb-down"],["其他","otherDown","thumb-down"]],["上次更新時間:2025-09-04 (世界標準時間)。"],[[["\u003cp\u003eQuery cursors allow applications to retrieve query results in batches, marking the position of the last retrieved result as an opaque, base64-encoded string.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eUsing cursors instead of integer offsets is recommended because offsets still retrieve skipped entities internally, affecting latency and incurring read operation costs.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eCursors can be saved and used later to continue a query from where it left off, allowing applications to get the next batch of results.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eCursors have limitations, such as only being usable by the same application for the same query and not supporting \u003ccode\u003e!=\u003c/code\u003e and \u003ccode\u003eIN\u003c/code\u003e operators.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eThe position of a cursor is defined as the location after the last returned result, and while it is not affected by results that come before the cursor, new additions or removals after the cursor can impact results.\u003c/p\u003e\n"]]],[],null,["# Query Cursors\n\n*Query cursors* allow an application to retrieve a query's results in convenient\nbatches, and are recommended over using integer offsets for pagination.\nSee [Queries](/appengine/docs/legacy/standard/python/datastore/queries) for more information on structuring queries for your app.\n\nQuery cursors\n-------------\n\n*Query cursors* allow an application to retrieve a query's results in convenient\nbatches without incurring the overhead of a query offset. After performing a\n[retrieval operation](/appengine/docs/legacy/standard/python/datastore/retrieving-query-results), the application can obtain a\ncursor, which is an opaque base64-encoded string marking the index position of\nthe last result retrieved. The application can save this string, for example in\nDatastore, in Memcache, in a Task Queue task payload, or embedded in\na web page as an HTTP `GET` or `POST` parameter, and can then use the cursor as\nthe starting point for a subsequent retrieval operation to obtain the next batch\nof results from the point where the previous retrieval ended. A retrieval can\nalso specify an end cursor, to limit the extent of the result set returned.\n\nOffsets versus cursors\n----------------------\n\nAlthough Datastore supports integer offsets, you should avoid\nusing them. Instead, use cursors. Using an offset only avoids returning the\nskipped entities to your application, but these entities are still retrieved\ninternally. The skipped entities do affect the latency of the query, and your\napplication is billed for the read operations required to retrieve them. Using\ncursors instead of offsets lets you avoid all these costs.\n\nQuery cursor example\n--------------------\n\nIn Python, an application obtains a cursor after retrieving query results by\ncalling the `Query` object's [`cursor()`](/appengine/docs/legacy/standard/python/datastore/queryclass#Query_cursor) method. To\nretrieve additional results from the point of the cursor, the application\nprepares a similar query with the same entity kind, filters, and sort orders,\nand passes the cursor to the query's\n[`with_cursor()`](/appengine/docs/legacy/standard/python/datastore/queryclass#Query_with_cursor) method before performing the\nretrieval: \n\n from google.appengine.api import memcache\n from google.appengine.ext import db\n\n # class Person(db.Model): ...\n \n # Start a query for all Person entities\n people = Person.all()\n \n # If the application stored a cursor during a previous request, use it\n person_cursor = memcache.get('person_cursor')\n if person_cursor:\n people.with_cursor(start_cursor=person_cursor)\n \n # Iterate over the results\n for person in people:\n # Do something\n \n # Get updated cursor and store it for next time\n person_cursor = people.cursor()\n memcache.set('person_cursor', person_cursor)\n\n| **Note:** Because of the way the iterator interface retrieves results in batches, getting a cursor may result in an additional call to Datastore to position the cursor where the iterator left off. If using only a start cursor, and if you know how many results you need ahead of time, it's faster to use [`fetch()`](/appengine/docs/legacy/standard/python/datastore/queryclass#Query_fetch).\n| **Caution:** Be careful when passing a Datastore cursor to a client, such as in a web form. Although the client cannot change the cursor value to access results outside of the original query, it is possible for it to decode the cursor to expose information about result entities, such as the application ID, entity kind, key name or numeric ID, ancestor keys, and properties used in the query's filters and sort orders. If you don't want users to have access to that information, you can encrypt the cursor, or store it and provide the user with an opaque key.\n\n### Limitations of cursors\n\nCursors are subject to the following limitations:\n\n- A cursor can be used only by the same application that performed the original query, and only to continue the same query. To use the cursor in a subsequent retrieval operation, you must reconstitute the original query exactly, including the same entity kind, ancestor filter, property filters, and sort orders. It is not possible to retrieve results using a cursor without setting up the same query from which it was originally generated.\n- Because the `!=` and `IN` operators are implemented with multiple queries, queries that use them do not support cursors.\n- Cursors don't always work as expected with a query that uses an inequality filter or a sort order on a property with multiple values. The de-duplication logic for such multiple-valued properties does not persist between retrievals, possibly causing the same result to be returned more than once.\n- New App Engine releases might change internal implementation details, invalidating cursors that depend on them. If an application attempts to use a cursor that is no longer valid, Datastore raises a [`BadRequestError`](/appengine/docs/legacy/standard/python/datastore/exceptions#BadRequestError) exception.\n\n### Cursors and data updates\n\nThe cursor's position is defined as the location in the result list after the\nlast result returned. A cursor is not a relative position in the list\n(it's not an offset); it's a marker to which Datastore can jump\nwhen starting an index scan for results. If the results for a query change\nbetween uses of a cursor, the query notices only changes that occur in results\nafter the cursor. If a new result appears before the cursor's position for the\nquery, it will not be returned when the results after the cursor are fetched.\nSimilarly, if an entity is no longer a result for a query but had appeared\nbefore the cursor, the results that appear after the cursor do not change. If\nthe last result returned is removed from the result set, the cursor still knows\nhow to locate the next result.\n\nWhen retrieving query results, you can use both a start cursor and an end cursor\nto return a continuous group of results from Datastore. When\nusing a start and end cursor to retrieve the results, you are not guaranteed\nthat the size of the results will be the same as when you generated the cursors.\nEntities may be added or deleted from Datastore between the\ntime the cursors are generated and when they are used in a query.\n\nWhat's next?\n------------\n\n- [Learn how to specify what a query returns and further control query\n results](/appengine/docs/legacy/standard/python/datastore/retrieving-query-results).\n- Learn the [common restrictions](/appengine/docs/legacy/standard/python/datastore/query-restrictions) for queries on Datastore.\n- [Understand data consistency](/appengine/docs/legacy/standard/python/datastore/data-consistency) and how data consistency works with different types of queries on Datastore.\n- Learn the [basic syntax and structure of queries](/appengine/docs/legacy/standard/python/datastore/queries) for Datastore."]]