Como criar clusters híbridos

Nos clusters do Anthos em bare metal, os clusters híbridos executam o papel duplo de um cluster de administrador e de um cluster de usuário. Eles executam cargas de trabalho e, ao mesmo tempo, gerenciam outros clusters e eles próprios.

Os clusters híbridos eliminam a necessidade de executar um cluster de administrador separado em cenários com recursos restritos e fornecem confiabilidade de alta disponibilidade (HA). Em um cluster híbrido de HA, se um nó falhar, outros assumirão seu lugar.

Os clusters híbridos são diferentes dos clusters autônomos porque também podem gerenciar outros clusters. Clusters autônomos não podem criar ou gerenciar outros clusters.

Porém, ao criar clusters híbridos, há certa compensação entre flexibilidade e segurança. Como os clusters híbridos se autogerenciam, executar cargas de trabalho no mesmo cluster aumenta o risco de exposição à segurança de dados administrativos confidenciais, como chaves SSH.

Use o comando bmctl para criar um cluster híbrido com um plano de controle de alta disponibilidade. O comando bmctl pode ser executado em uma estação de trabalho separada ou em um dos nós do cluster híbrido.

Pré-requisitos:

O último bmctl é transferido por download (gs://anthos-baremetal-release/bmctl/1.7.7/linux-amd64/bmctl) do Cloud Storage.
A estação de trabalho que executa bmctl tem conectividade de rede com todos os nós no cluster híbrido de destino.
A estação de trabalho que executa bmctl tem conectividade de rede com o VIP do plano de controle do cluster híbrido de destino.
A chave SSH usada para criar o cluster híbrido disponível para a raiz ou acesso de usuário SUDO em todos os nós no cluster híbrido de destino.
Para a versão 1.7.0 e posteriores, a conta de serviço connect-register é configurada para uso com o Connect.

Consulte o guia de início rápido dos clusters do Anthos em bare metal para ver instruções passo a passo expandidas sobre como criar um cluster híbrido.

Como fazer login no gcloud e criar um arquivo de configuração de cluster híbrido

Faça login no gcloud como um usuário com o login gcloud auth application-default:

gcloud auth application-default login

Administrador da conta de serviço
Administrador da chave da conta de serviço
Administrador de projetos do IAM
Leitor do Compute
Administrador do Service Usage

export GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS=JSON_KEY_FILE

JSON_KEY_FILE

Receba o ID do projeto do Cloud para usar com a criação do cluster:

export CLOUD_PROJECT_ID=$(gcloud config get-value project)

Como criar o cluster híbrido com `bmctl`

Depois de fazer login no gcloud e configurar o projeto, será possível criar o arquivo de configuração do cluster com o comando bmctl. Observe que, neste exemplo, todas as contas de serviço são criadas automaticamente pelo comando bmctl create config:

bmctl create config -c HYBRID_CLUSTER_NAME --enable-apis \
    --create-service-accounts --project-id=CLOUD_PROJECT_ID

Veja a seguir um exemplo de criação de um arquivo de configuração para um cluster híbrido chamado hybrid1 associado ao ID do projeto my-gcp-project:

bmctl create config -c hybrid1 --create-service-accounts --project-id=my-gcp-project

O arquivo é gravado em bmctl-workspace/hybrid1/hybrid1.yaml.

Outra opção para ativar automaticamente APIs e criar contas de serviço é fornecer as contas de serviço atuais com permissões adequadas do IAM. Isso significa que é possível ignorar a criação automática de conta de serviço na etapa anterior no comando bmctl:

bmctl create config -c hybrid1

Editar o arquivo de configuração do cluster

Agora que você tem um arquivo de configuração de cluster, edite-o para fazer as alterações a seguir:

Forneça a chave privada SSH para acessar os nós do cluster híbrido:

# bmctl configuration variables. Because this section is valid YAML but not a valid Kubernetes
# resource, this section can only be included when using bmctl to
# create the initial admin/hybrid cluster. Afterwards, when creating user clusters by directly
# applying the cluster and node pool resources to the existing cluster, you must remove this
# section.
gcrKeyPath:
/bmctl/bmctl-workspace/.sa-keys/my-gcp-project-anthos-baremetal-gcr.json
sshPrivateKeyPath: /path/to/your/ssh_private_key
gkeConnectAgentServiceAccountKeyPath: /bmctl/bmctl-workspace/.sa-keys/my-gcp-project-anthos-baremetal-connect.json
gkeConnectRegisterServiceAccountKeyPath: /bmctl/bmctl-workspace/.sa-keys/my-gcp-project-anthos-baremetal-register.json
cloudOperationsServiceAccountKeyPath: /bmctl/bmctl-workspace/.sa-keys/my-gcp-project-anthos-baremetal-cloud-ops.json

Para a versão 1.7.0 e posteriores, você precisa registrar seus clusters com o Connect na rota do projeto.
- Se você tiver criado o arquivo de configuração usando os recursos automáticos de ativação da API e de criação de contas de serviço, pule esta etapa.
- Se você criou o arquivo de configuração sem usar os recursos de ativação e de criação automática de contas de serviço da API, faça referência às chaves JSON da conta de serviço baixadas nos campos gkeConnectAgentServiceAccountKeyPath e gkeConnectRegisterServiceAccountKeyPath correspondentes do arquivo de configuração do cluster.

Altere a configuração para especificar um tipo de cluster de hybrid em vez de admin:

spec:
  # Cluster type. This can be:
  #   1) admin:  to create an admin cluster. This can later be used to create user clusters.
  #   2) user:   to create a user cluster. Requires an existing admin cluster.
  #   3) hybrid: to create a hybrid cluster that runs admin cluster components and user workloads.
  #   4) standalone: to create a cluster that manages itself, runs user workloads, but does not manage other clusters.
  type: hybrid

Altere a configuração para especificar um plano de controle com vários nós e de alta disponibilidade. Você quer especificar um número ímpar de nós para ter uma maioria de quórum para alta disponibilidade:
```
  # Control plane configuration
  controlPlane:
    nodePoolSpec:
      nodes:
      # Control plane node pools. Typically, this is either a single machine
      # or 3 machines if using a high availability deployment.
      - address: 10.200.0.4
      - address: 10.200.0.5
      - address: 10.200.0.6
```
Observação: se você tiver um número par de nós temporariamente durante a adição ou remoção de nós para manutenção ou substituição, sua implantação manterá a alta disponibilidade enquanto houver quórum suficiente.
Especifique a densidade do pod dos nós do cluster e o ambiente de execução do contêiner:
```
....
# NodeConfig specifies the configuration that applies to all nodes in the cluster.
nodeConfig:
  # podDensity specifies the pod density configuration.
  podDensity:
    # maxPodsPerNode specifies at most how many pods can be run on a single node.
    maxPodsPerNode: 250
  # containerRuntime specifies which container runtime to use for scheduling containers on nodes.
  # containerd and docker are supported.
  containerRuntime: containerd
....
```
Para clusters híbridos, os valores permitidos para maxPodsPerNode são 32-250 para clusters de alta disponibilidade e 64-250 para clusters que não são de alta disponibilidade. Se não for especificado, o valor padrão será 110. Depois que o cluster for criado, esse valor não poderá ser atualizado.

A densidade de pods também é limitada pelos recursos de IP disponíveis do cluster. Para detalhes, consulte Rede de pod.

Criar o cluster híbrido com a configuração do cluster

Use o comando bmctl para implantar o cluster:

bmctl create cluster -c CLUSTER_NAME

CLUSTER_NAME especifica o nome do cluster que você criou na seção anterior.

Veja a seguir um exemplo do comando para criar um arquivo de configuração para um cluster chamado hybrid1:

bmctl create cluster -c hybrid1

Exemplo da configuração completa de cluster híbrido

A seguir, um exemplo de arquivo de configuração de cluster híbrido criado pelo comando bmctl. Observe que, nesta configuração de amostra, são usados nomes de cluster de marcador, VIPs e endereços. Eles podem não funcionar na sua rede.

gcrKeyPath: /bmctl/bmctl-workspace/.sa-keys/my-gcp-project-anthos-baremetal-gcr.json
sshPrivateKeyPath: /bmctl/bmctl-workspace/.ssh/id_rsa
gkeConnectAgentServiceAccountKeyPath: /bmctl/bmctl-workspace/.sa-keys/my-gcp-project-anthos-baremetal-connect.json
gkeConnectRegisterServiceAccountKeyPath: /bmctl/bmctl-workspace/.sa-keys/my-gcp-project-anthos-baremetal-register.json
cloudOperationsServiceAccountKeyPath: /bmctl/bmctl-workspace/.sa-keys/my-gcp-project-anthos-baremetal-cloud-ops.json
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
  name: cluster-hybrid1
---
apiVersion: baremetal.cluster.gke.io/v1
kind: Cluster
metadata:
  name: hybrid1
  namespace: cluster-hybrid1
spec:
  # Cluster type. This can be:
  #   1) admin:  to create an admin cluster. This can later be used to create user clusters.
  #   2) user:   to create a user cluster. Requires an existing admin cluster.
  #   3) hybrid: to create a hybrid cluster that runs admin cluster components and user workloads.
  #   4) standalone: to create a cluster that manages itself, runs user workloads, but does not manage other clusters.
  type: hybrid
  # Anthos cluster version.
  anthosBareMetalVersion: 1.7.7
  # GKE connect configuration
  gkeConnect:
    projectID: $GOOGLE_PROJECT_ID
  # Control plane configuration
  controlPlane:
    nodePoolSpec:
      nodes:
      # Control plane node pools. Typically, this is either a single machine
      # or 3 machines if using a high availability deployment.
      - address: 10.200.0.4
      - address: 10.200.0.5
      - address: 10.200.0.6
  # Cluster networking configuration
  clusterNetwork:
    # Pods specify the IP ranges from which pod networks are allocated.
    pods:
      cidrBlocks:
      - 192.168.0.0/16
    # Services specify the network ranges from which service virtual IPs are allocated.
    # This can be any RFC 1918 range that does not conflict with any other IP range
    # in the cluster and node pool resources.
    services:
      cidrBlocks:
      - 10.96.0.0/20
  # Load balancer configuration
  loadBalancer:
    # Load balancer mode can be either 'bundled' or 'manual'.
    # In 'bundled' mode a load balancer will be installed on load balancer nodes during cluster creation.
    # In 'manual' mode the cluster relies on a manually-configured external load balancer.
    mode: bundled
    # Load balancer port configuration
    ports:
      # Specifies the port the load balancer serves the Kubernetes control plane on.
      # In 'manual' mode the external load balancer must be listening on this port.
      controlPlaneLBPort: 443
    # There are two load balancer virtual IP (VIP) addresses: one for the control plane
    # and one for the L7 Ingress service. The VIPs must be in the same subnet as the load balancer nodes.
    # These IP addresses do not correspond to physical network interfaces.
    vips:
      # ControlPlaneVIP specifies the VIP to connect to the Kubernetes API server.
      # This address must not be in the address pools below.
      controlPlaneVIP: 10.200.0.71
      # IngressVIP specifies the VIP shared by all services for ingress traffic.
      # Allowed only in non-admin clusters.
      # This address must be in the address pools below.
      ingressVIP: 10.200.0.72
    # AddressPools is a list of non-overlapping IP ranges for the data plane load balancer.
    # All addresses must be in the same subnet as the load balancer nodes.
    # Address pool configuration is only valid for 'bundled' LB mode in non-admin clusters.
    addressPools:
    - name: pool1
      addresses:
      # Each address must be either in the CIDR form (1.2.3.0/24)
      # or range form (1.2.3.1-1.2.3.5).
      - 10.200.0.72-10.200.0.90
    # A load balancer node pool can be configured to specify nodes used for load balancing.
    # These nodes are part of the Kubernetes cluster and run regular workloads as well as load balancers.
    # If the node pool config is absent then the control plane nodes are used.
    # Node pool configuration is only valid for 'bundled' LB mode.
    # nodePoolSpec:
    #  nodes:
    #  - address: <Machine 1 IP>
  # Proxy configuration
  # proxy:
  #   url: http://[username:password@]domain
  #   # A list of IPs, hostnames or domains that should not be proxied.
  #   noProxy:
  #   - 127.0.0.1
  #   - localhost
  # Logging and Monitoring
  clusterOperations:
    # Cloud project for logs and metrics.
    projectID: $GOOGLE_PROJECT_ID
    # Cloud location for logs and metrics.
    location: us-central1
    # Whether collection of application logs/metrics should be enabled (in addition to
    # collection of system logs/metrics which correspond to system components such as
    # Kubernetes control plane or cluster management agents).
    # enableApplication: false
  # Storage configuration
  storage:
    # lvpNodeMounts specifies the config for local PersistentVolumes backed by mounted disks.
    # These disks need to be formatted and mounted by the user, which can be done before or after
    # cluster creation.
    lvpNodeMounts:
      # path specifies the host machine path where mounted disks will be discovered and a local PV
      # will be created for each mount.
      path: /mnt/localpv-disk
      # storageClassName specifies the StorageClass that PVs will be created with. The StorageClass
      # is created during cluster creation.
      storageClassName: local-disks
    # lvpShare specifies the config for local PersistentVolumes backed by subdirectories in a shared filesystem.
    # These subdirectories are automatically created during cluster creation.
    lvpShare:
      # path specifies the host machine path where subdirectories will be created on each host. A local PV
      # will be created for each subdirectory.
      path: /mnt/localpv-share
      # storageClassName specifies the StorageClass that PVs will be created with. The StorageClass
      # is created during cluster creation.
      storageClassName: local-shared
      # numPVUnderSharedPath specifies the number of subdirectories to create under path.
      numPVUnderSharedPath: 5
  # NodeConfig specifies the configuration that applies to all nodes in the cluster.
  nodeConfig:
    # podDensity specifies the pod density configuration.
    podDensity:
      # maxPodsPerNode specifies at most how many pods can be run on a single node.
      maxPodsPerNode: 250
    # containerRuntime specifies which container runtime to use for scheduling containers on nodes.
    # containerd and docker are supported.
    containerRuntime: containerd
  # KubeVirt configuration, uncomment this section if you want to install kubevirt to the cluster
  # kubevirt:
  #   # if useEmulation is enabled, hardware accelerator (i.e relies on cpu feature like vmx or svm)
  #   # will not be attempted. QEMU will be used for software emulation.
  #   # useEmulation must be specified for KubeVirt installation
  #   useEmulation: false
  # Authentication; uncomment this section if you wish to enable authentication to the cluster with OpenID Connect.
  # authentication:
  #   oidc:
  #     # issuerURL specifies the URL of your OpenID provider, such as "https://accounts.google.com". The Kubernetes API
  #     # server uses this URL to discover public keys for verifying tokens. Must use HTTPS.
  #     issuerURL: <URL for OIDC Provider; required>
  #     # clientID specifies the ID for the client application that makes authentication requests to the OpenID
  #     # provider.
  #     clientID: <ID for OIDC client application; required>
  #     # clientSecret specifies the secret for the client application.
  #     clientSecret: <Secret for OIDC client application; optional>
  #     # kubectlRedirectURL specifies the redirect URL (required) for the gcloud CLI, such as
  #     # "http://localhost:[PORT]/callback".
  #     kubectlRedirectURL: <Redirect URL for the gcloud CLI; optional, default is "http://kubectl.redirect.invalid">
  #     # username specifies the JWT claim to use as the username. The default is "sub", which is expected to be a
  #     # unique identifier of the end user.
  #     username: <JWT claim to use as the username; optional, default is "sub">
  #     # usernamePrefix specifies the prefix prepended to username claims to prevent clashes with existing names.
  #     usernamePrefix: <Prefix prepended to username claims; optional>
  #     # group specifies the JWT claim that the provider will use to return your security groups.
  #     group: <JWT claim to use as the group name; optional>
  #     # groupPrefix specifies the prefix prepended to group claims to prevent clashes with existing names.
  #     groupPrefix: <Prefix prepended to group claims; optional>
  #     # scopes specifies additional scopes to send to the OpenID provider as a comma-delimited list.
  #     scopes: <Additional scopes to send to OIDC provider as a comma-separated list; optional>
  #     # extraParams specifies additional key-value parameters to send to the OpenID provider as a comma-delimited
  #     # list.
  #     extraParams: <Additional key-value parameters to send to OIDC provider as a comma-separated list; optional>
  #     # proxy specifies the proxy server to use for the cluster to connect to your OIDC provider, if applicable.
  #     # Example: https://user:password@10.10.10.10:8888. If left blank, this defaults to no proxy.
  #     proxy: <Proxy server to use for the cluster to connect to your OIDC provider; optional, default is no proxy>
  #     # deployCloudConsoleProxy specifies whether to deploy a reverse proxy in the cluster to allow Google Cloud
  #     # Console access to the on-premises OIDC provider for authenticating users. If your identity provider is not
  #     # reachable over the public internet, and you wish to authenticate using Google Cloud console, then this field
  #     # must be set to true. If left blank, this field defaults to false.
  #     deployCloudConsoleProxy: <Whether to deploy a reverse proxy for Google Cloud console authentication; optional>
  #     # certificateAuthorityData specifies a Base64 PEM-encoded certificate authority certificate of your identity
  #     # provider. It's not needed if your identity provider's certificate was issued by a well-known public CA.
  #     # However, if deployCloudConsoleProxy is true, then this value must be provided, even for a well-known public
  #     # CA.
  #     certificateAuthorityData: <Base64 PEM-encoded certificate authority certificate of your OIDC provider; optional>
  # Node access configuration; uncomment this section if you wish to use a non-root user
  # with passwordless sudo capability for machine login.
  # nodeAccess:
  #   loginUser: <login user name>
---
# Node pools for worker nodes
apiVersion: baremetal.cluster.gke.io/v1
kind: NodePool
metadata:
  name: node-pool-1
  namespace: cluster-hybrid1
spec:
  clusterName: hybrid1
  nodes:
  - address: 10.200.0.7
  - address: 10.200.0.8