App Engine-Aufgaben erstellen

Auf dieser Seite wird gezeigt, wie Sie App Engine-Aufgaben programmatisch erstellen und in Cloud Tasks-Warteschlangen platzieren. Bei diesem Prozess können Sie ausdrücklich den Dienst und den Handler angeben, der die Aufgabe verarbeiten soll, und optional aufgabenspezifische Daten an den Handler weiterleiten. Der Cloud Tasks-Dienst leitet die Aufgabenanfrage an den Handler weiter, dieser Worker befindet sich jedoch in der App Engine. Daher müssen alle Warteschlangen, die auf App Engine-Handler ausgerichtet sind, eine App Engine-Anwendung haben. Die Handler müssen in der Region ausgeführt werden, in der die App Engine-Anwendung ausgeführt wird. Diese Region dient auch als LOCATION_ID-Parameter für Ihre Cloud Tasks-Anfragen. Weitere Informationen finden Sie unter Cloud Tasks-Warteschlangen mit App Engine-Zielen.

Außerdem können Sie die Konfiguration der Aufgabe genauer festlegen. Beispielsweise können Sie einen zukünftigen Zeitpunkt angeben, an dem die Aufgabe ausgeführt werden soll, oder die Anzahl ihrer Wiederholungen im Fall von Fehlversuchen beschränken. Wenn Sie einen Namen für die Aufgabe angeben, kann Cloud Tasks diesen Namen verwenden, um die Deduplizierung von Aufgaben zu gewährleisten. Die erforderliche Verarbeitung kann jedoch die Latenz erhöhen.

App Engine-Firewallregeln

In der App Engine-Standardumgebung kann die App Engine-Firewall bestimmten internen Traffic zulassen, um die Firewall zu umgehen. Wenn Sie also die Regel default auf deny setzen, werden Anfragen von bestimmten Diensten für die App Engine-Standardumgebung nicht blockiert. Dies sind alle Arten von Traffic, die in der eigenen Konfiguration der Anwendung angefordert oder von derselben Anwendung gesendet werden. Beispiele für Anfragen, bei denen Firewallregeln auf diese Weise umgangen werden:

Damit eingehende Anfragen zulässig sind, müssen die folgenden IP-Bereiche für App Engine-Aufgaben in Cloud Tasks (einschließlich App Engine-Aufgabenwarteschlangen) zugelassen sein:

  • IP-Bereich für Anfragen, die an die App Engine-Standardumgebung gesendet werden: 0.1.0.2/32 (umgeht die Standard-Firewallregel, wenn sie auf „Ablehnen“ gesetzt ist)

  • IP-Bereich für Anfragen, die an die flexible App Engine-Umgebung gesendet werden: 0.1.0.2/32

Aufgaben mithilfe der Clientbibliotheken erstellen

Aufgaben werden in Form von HTTP-Anfragen erstellt, die Sie beliebig gestalten können. Clientbibliotheken bieten aber, wie in den folgenden Beispielen gezeigt, Unterstützung für die Verwaltung der allgemeinen Kommunikation mit dem Server im Detail, einschließlich der Authentifizierung bei Google. Informationen zum Hinzufügen einer Aufgabe zu einer Warteschlange finden Sie unter Aufgabe zu einer Cloud Tasks-Warteschlange hinzufügen.

C#


using Google.Cloud.Tasks.V2;
using Google.Protobuf;
using Google.Protobuf.WellKnownTypes;
using System;

class CreateAppEngineTask
{
    public string CreateTask(
        // TODO<developer>: call this method by passing correct values for
        // the following parameters or change the parameters' default values.
        string projectId = "YOUR-PROJECT-ID",
        string location = "us-central1",
        string queue = "my-queue",
        string payload = "Hello World!",
        int inSeconds = 0)
    {
        CloudTasksClient client = CloudTasksClient.Create();
        QueueName parent = new QueueName(projectId, location, queue);

        var response = client.CreateTask(new CreateTaskRequest
        {
            Parent = parent.ToString(),
            Task = new Task
            {
                AppEngineHttpRequest = new AppEngineHttpRequest
                {
                    HttpMethod = HttpMethod.Post,
                    RelativeUri = "/log_payload",
                    Body = ByteString.CopyFromUtf8(payload)
                },
                ScheduleTime = Timestamp.FromDateTime(
                    DateTime.UtcNow.AddSeconds(inSeconds))
            }
        });

        Console.WriteLine($"Created Task {response.Name}");
        return response.Name;
    }
}

Go


// Command create_task constructs and adds a task to an App Engine Queue.
package main

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"

	cloudtasks "cloud.google.com/go/cloudtasks/apiv2"
	taskspb "cloud.google.com/go/cloudtasks/apiv2/cloudtaskspb"
)

// createTask creates a new task in your App Engine queue.
func createTask(projectID, locationID, queueID, message string) (*taskspb.Task, error) {
	// Create a new Cloud Tasks client instance.
	// See https://godoc.org/cloud.google.com/go/cloudtasks/apiv2
	ctx := context.Background()
	client, err := cloudtasks.NewClient(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("NewClient: %w", err)
	}
	defer client.Close()

	// Build the Task queue path.
	queuePath := fmt.Sprintf("projects/%s/locations/%s/queues/%s", projectID, locationID, queueID)

	// Build the Task payload.
	// https://godoc.org/google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/cloud/tasks/v2#CreateTaskRequest
	req := &taskspb.CreateTaskRequest{
		Parent: queuePath,
		Task: &taskspb.Task{
			// https://godoc.org/google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/cloud/tasks/v2#AppEngineHttpRequest
			MessageType: &taskspb.Task_AppEngineHttpRequest{
				AppEngineHttpRequest: &taskspb.AppEngineHttpRequest{
					HttpMethod:  taskspb.HttpMethod_POST,
					RelativeUri: "/task_handler",
				},
			},
		},
	}

	// Add a payload message if one is present.
	req.Task.GetAppEngineHttpRequest().Body = []byte(message)

	createdTask, err := client.CreateTask(ctx, req)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("cloudtasks.CreateTask: %w", err)
	}

	return createdTask, nil
}

Java 

import com.google.cloud.tasks.v2.AppEngineHttpRequest;
import com.google.cloud.tasks.v2.CloudTasksClient;
import com.google.cloud.tasks.v2.HttpMethod;
import com.google.cloud.tasks.v2.QueueName;
import com.google.cloud.tasks.v2.Task;
import com.google.protobuf.ByteString;
import com.google.protobuf.Timestamp;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.time.Clock;
import java.time.Instant;

public class CreateTask {
  public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
    // TODO(developer): Replace these variables before running the sample.
    String projectId = "my-project-id";
    String queue = "my-appengine-queue";
    String location = "us-central1";
    String payload = "hello";
    int seconds = 0; // Scheduled delay for the task in seconds
    createTask(projectId, queue, location, payload, seconds);
  }

  // This is an example snippet for showing best practices.
  public static void createTask(
      String projectId, String queueName, String location, String payload, int seconds)
      throws IOException {
    // Instantiates a client.
    try (CloudTasksClient client = CloudTasksClient.create()) {
      // Construct the fully qualified queue name.
      String queuePath = QueueName.of(projectId, location, queueName).toString();

      // Construct the task body.
      Task.Builder taskBuilder =
          Task.newBuilder()
              .setAppEngineHttpRequest(
                  AppEngineHttpRequest.newBuilder()
                      .setBody(ByteString.copyFrom(payload, Charset.defaultCharset()))
                      .setRelativeUri("/tasks/create")
                      .setHttpMethod(HttpMethod.POST)
                      .build());

      // Add the scheduled time to the request.
      taskBuilder.setScheduleTime(
          Timestamp.newBuilder()
              .setSeconds(Instant.now(Clock.systemUTC()).plusSeconds(seconds).getEpochSecond()));

      // Send create task request.
      Task task = client.createTask(queuePath, taskBuilder.build());
      System.out.println("Task created: " + task.getName());
    }
  }
}

Beachten Sie die Datei pom.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!--
Copyright 2019 Google LLC

 Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 You may obtain a copy of the License at

       http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

 Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 limitations under the License.
-->
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <packaging>war</packaging>
  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <groupId>com.example.appengine</groupId>
  <artifactId>appengine-tasks-j11</artifactId>

  <!--
    The parent pom defines common style checks and testing strategies for our samples.
    Removing or replacing it should not affect the execution of the samples in anyway.
  -->
  <parent>
    <groupId>com.google.cloud.samples</groupId>
    <artifactId>shared-configuration</artifactId>
    <version>1.2.0</version>
    <relativePath></relativePath>
  </parent>

  <properties>
    <maven.compiler.target>11</maven.compiler.target>
    <maven.compiler.source>11</maven.compiler.source>
  </properties>

  <!--  Using libraries-bom to manage versions.
  See https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/cloud-opensource-java/wiki/The-Google-Cloud-Platform-Libraries-BOM -->
  <dependencyManagement>
    <dependencies>
      <dependency>
        <groupId>com.google.cloud</groupId>
        <artifactId>libraries-bom</artifactId>
        <version>26.32.0</version>
        <type>pom</type>
        <scope>import</scope>
      </dependency>
    </dependencies>
  </dependencyManagement>

  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.google.cloud</groupId>
      <artifactId>google-cloud-tasks</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <!-- Test dependencies -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      <version>4.13.2</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.google.truth</groupId>
      <artifactId>truth</artifactId>
      <version>1.4.0</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>
  <build>
    <finalName>tasks</finalName>
    <plugins>
      <plugin>
        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
        <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>3.4.0</version>
        <configuration>
          <failOnMissingWebXml>false</failOnMissingWebXml>
        </configuration>
      </plugin>

      <plugin>
        <groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>
        <artifactId>exec-maven-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>3.1.1</version>
        <configuration>
          <mainClass>com.example.task.CreateTask</mainClass>
          <cleanupDaemonThreads>false</cleanupDaemonThreads>
        </configuration>
      </plugin>
    </plugins>
  </build>
</project>

Node.js 

// Imports the Google Cloud Tasks library.
const {CloudTasksClient} = require('@google-cloud/tasks');

// Instantiates a client.
const client = new CloudTasksClient();

async function createTask() {
  // TODO(developer): Uncomment these lines and replace with your values.
  // const project = 'my-project-id';
  // const queue = 'my-appengine-queue';
  // const location = 'us-central1';
  // const payload = 'Hello, World!';

  // Construct the fully qualified queue name.
  const parent = client.queuePath(project, location, queue);

  const task = {
    appEngineHttpRequest: {
      headers: {
        'Content-Type': 'text/plain', // Set content type to ensure compatibility your application's request parsing
      },
      httpMethod: 'POST',
      relativeUri: '/log_payload',
    },
  };

  if (payload) {
    task.appEngineHttpRequest.body = Buffer.from(payload).toString('base64');
  }

  if (inSeconds) {
    // The time when the task is scheduled to be attempted.
    task.scheduleTime = {
      seconds: inSeconds + Date.now() / 1000,
    };
  }

  console.log('Sending task:');
  console.log(task);

  // Send create task request.
  const request = {parent: parent, task: task};
  const [response] = await client.createTask(request);
  const name = response.name;
  console.log(`Created task ${name}`);
}

createTask();

Beachten Sie die Datei package.json:

{
  "name": "appengine-cloudtasks",
  "description": "Google App Engine Cloud Tasks example.",
  "license": "Apache-2.0",
  "author": "Google Inc.",
  "private": true,
  "engines": {
    "node": ">=16.0.0"
  },
  "files": [
    "*.js"
  ],
  "scripts": {
    "test": "c8 mocha -p -j 2 --timeout 30000",
    "start": "node server.js"
  },
  "dependencies": {
    "@google-cloud/tasks": "^5.0.0",
    "express": "^4.16.3"
  },
  "devDependencies": {
    "c8": "^10.0.0",
    "chai": "^4.5.0",
    "mocha": "^10.0.0",
    "uuid": "^10.0.0"
  }
}

PHP

use Google\Cloud\Tasks\V2\AppEngineHttpRequest;
use Google\Cloud\Tasks\V2\CloudTasksClient;
use Google\Cloud\Tasks\V2\HttpMethod;
use Google\Cloud\Tasks\V2\Task;

/** Uncomment and populate these variables in your code */
// $projectId = 'The Google project ID';
// $locationId = 'The Location ID';
// $queueId = 'The Cloud Tasks App Engine Queue ID';
// $payload = 'The payload your task should carry to the task handler. Optional';

// Instantiate the client and queue name.
$client = new CloudTasksClient();
$queueName = $client->queueName($projectId, $locationId, $queueId);

// Create an App Engine Http Request Object.
$httpRequest = new AppEngineHttpRequest();
// The path of the HTTP request to the App Engine service.
$httpRequest->setRelativeUri('/task_handler');
// POST is the default HTTP method, but any HTTP method can be used.
$httpRequest->setHttpMethod(HttpMethod::POST);
// Setting a body value is only compatible with HTTP POST and PUT requests.
if (isset($payload)) {
    $httpRequest->setBody($payload);
}

// Create a Cloud Task object.
$task = new Task();
$task->setAppEngineHttpRequest($httpRequest);

// Send request and print the task name.
$response = $client->createTask($queueName, $task);
printf('Created task %s' . PHP_EOL, $response->getName());

Beachten Sie die Datei composer.json:

{
    "require": {
        "google/cloud-tasks": "^1.4.0"
    }
}

Python 

"""Create a task for a given queue with an arbitrary payload."""

from google.cloud import tasks_v2
from google.protobuf import timestamp_pb2
import datetime
import json

# Create a client.
client = tasks_v2.CloudTasksClient()

# TODO(developer): Uncomment these lines and replace with your values.
# project = 'my-project-id'
# queue = 'my-appengine-queue'
# location = 'us-central1'
# payload = 'hello' or {'param': 'value'} for application/json
# in_seconds = None

# Construct the fully qualified queue name.
parent = client.queue_path(project, location, queue)

# Construct the request body.
task = {
    "app_engine_http_request": {  # Specify the type of request.
        "http_method": tasks_v2.HttpMethod.POST,
        "relative_uri": "/example_task_handler",
    }
}
if payload is not None:
    if isinstance(payload, dict):
        # Convert dict to JSON string
        payload = json.dumps(payload)
        # specify http content-type to application/json
        task["app_engine_http_request"]["headers"] = {
            "Content-type": "application/json"
        }
    # The API expects a payload of type bytes.
    converted_payload = payload.encode()

    # Add the payload to the request.
    task["app_engine_http_request"]["body"] = converted_payload

if in_seconds is not None:
    # Convert "seconds from now" into an rfc3339 datetime string.
    d = datetime.datetime.now(tz=datetime.timezone.utc) + datetime.timedelta(
        seconds=in_seconds
    )

    # Create Timestamp protobuf.
    timestamp = timestamp_pb2.Timestamp()
    timestamp.FromDatetime(d)

    # Add the timestamp to the tasks.
    task["schedule_time"] = timestamp

# Use the client to build and send the task.
response = client.create_task(parent=parent, task=task)

print(f"Created task {response.name}")
return response

Beachten Sie die Datei requirements.txt:

Flask==3.0.3; python_version > '3.6'
Flask==2.0.3; python_version < '3.7'
gunicorn==23.0.0
google-cloud-tasks==2.13.1
Werkzeug==3.0.3

Ruby

require "google/cloud/tasks"

# Create an App Engine Task
#
# @param [String] project_id Your Google Cloud Project ID.
# @param [String] location_id Your Google Cloud Project Location ID.
# @param [String] queue_id Your Google Cloud App Engine Queue ID.
# @param [String] payload The request body of your task.
# @param [Integer] seconds The delay, in seconds, to process your task.
def create_task project_id, location_id, queue_id, payload: nil, seconds: nil
  # Instantiates a client.
  client = Google::Cloud::Tasks.cloud_tasks

  # Construct the fully qualified queue name.
  parent = client.queue_path project: project_id, location: location_id, queue: queue_id

  # Construct task.
  task = {
    app_engine_http_request: {
      http_method:  "POST",
      relative_uri: "/log_payload"
    }
  }

  # Add payload to task body.
  if payload
    task[:app_engine_http_request][:body] = payload
  end

  # Add scheduled time to task.
  if seconds
    timestamp = Google::Protobuf::Timestamp.new
    timestamp.seconds = Time.now.to_i + seconds.to_i
    task[:schedule_time] = timestamp
  end

  # Send create task request.
  puts "Sending task #{task}"
  response = client.create_task parent: parent, task: task

  puts "Created task #{response.name}" if response.name
end

Nächste Schritte