將 HTTP 目標工作新增至 Cloud Tasks 佇列

將 HTTP 目標工作新增至 Cloud Tasks 佇列

本快速入門導覽課程說明如何使用 Cloud Tasks API，將 HTTP 目標工作新增至 Cloud Tasks 佇列。

事前準備

Sign in to your Google Cloud account. If you're new to Google Cloud, create an account to evaluate how our products perform in real-world scenarios. New customers also get $300 in free credits to run, test, and deploy workloads.
Install the Google Cloud CLI.
如果您使用外部識別資訊提供者 (IdP)，請先 使用聯合身分登入 gcloud CLI。
如要初始化 gcloud CLI，請執行下列指令：
gcloud init
Create or select a Google Cloud project.
Note: If you don't plan to keep the resources that you create in this procedure, create a project instead of selecting an existing project. After you finish these steps, you can delete the project, removing all resources associated with the project.
• Create a Google Cloud project:

  gcloud projects create PROJECT_ID

  Replace PROJECT_ID with a name for the Google Cloud project you are creating.

• Select the Google Cloud project that you created:

  gcloud config set project PROJECT_ID

  Replace PROJECT_ID with your Google Cloud project name.
Verify that billing is enabled for your Google Cloud project.
Enable the Cloud Tasks API:
gcloud services enable cloudtasks.googleapis.com
If you're using a local shell, then create local authentication credentials for your user account:
gcloud auth application-default login
You don't need to do this if you're using Cloud Shell.
If an authentication error is returned, and you are using an external identity provider (IdP), confirm that you have signed in to the gcloud CLI with your federated identity.
Grant roles to your user account. Run the following command once for each of the following IAM roles: roles/cloudtasks.admin, roles/logging.viewer
gcloud projects add-iam-policy-binding PROJECT_ID --member="user:USER_IDENTIFIER" --role=ROLE
Replace the following:
• PROJECT_ID: your project ID.
• USER_IDENTIFIER: the identifier for your user account—for example, [e-mail].
• ROLE: the IAM role that you grant to your user account.

Install the Google Cloud CLI.

如果您使用外部識別資訊提供者 (IdP)，請先 使用聯合身分登入 gcloud CLI。

如要初始化 gcloud CLI，請執行下列指令：

gcloud init

Create or select a Google Cloud project.

Note: If you don't plan to keep the resources that you create in this procedure, create a project instead of selecting an existing project. After you finish these steps, you can delete the project, removing all resources associated with the project.

• Create a Google Cloud project:

  gcloud projects create PROJECT_ID

  Replace PROJECT_ID with a name for the Google Cloud project you are creating.

• Select the Google Cloud project that you created:

  gcloud config set project PROJECT_ID

  Replace PROJECT_ID with your Google Cloud project name.

Verify that billing is enabled for your Google Cloud project.

Enable the Cloud Tasks API:

gcloud services enable cloudtasks.googleapis.com

If you're using a local shell, then create local authentication credentials for your user account:

gcloud auth application-default login

You don't need to do this if you're using Cloud Shell.

If an authentication error is returned, and you are using an external identity provider (IdP), confirm that you have signed in to the gcloud CLI with your federated identity.

Grant roles to your user account. Run the following command once for each of the following IAM roles: roles/cloudtasks.admin, roles/logging.viewer

gcloud projects add-iam-policy-binding PROJECT_ID --member="user:USER_IDENTIFIER" --role=ROLE

Replace the following:

• PROJECT_ID: your project ID.
• USER_IDENTIFIER: the identifier for your user account—for example, [e-mail].
• ROLE: the IAM role that you grant to your user account.

建立 Cloud Tasks 佇列

使用 gcloud tasks queues create 指令建立佇列。

注意： 如果搭配使用 Cloud Tasks gcloud 佇列管理方法與上傳 queue.yaml/queue.xml 的方法，可能會面臨一些風險。詳情請參閱「使用佇列管理或 queue.yaml」。

1. 在終端機中，建立記錄所有作業的佇列。

   gcloud tasks queues create QUEUE_NAME \
       --log-sampling-ratio=1.0 \
       --location=REGION
   

   更改下列內容：

   • QUEUE_NAME：Cloud Tasks 佇列的名稱
   • REGION：您部署服務或應用程式的支援區域

2. 等待佇列初始化完成，然後確認佇列已建立成功。

   gcloud tasks queues describe QUEUE_NAME \
       --location=REGION
   

   畫面會顯示如下的輸出內容：

    name: projects/PROJECT_ID/locations/LOCATION_ID/queues/QUEUE_NAME
    rateLimits:
      maxBurstSize: 100
      maxConcurrentDispatches: 1000
      maxDispatchesPerSecond: 500.0
    retryConfig:
      maxAttempts: 100
      maxBackoff: 3600s
      maxDoublings: 16
      minBackoff: 0.100s
    state: RUNNING
   

將工作新增至 Cloud Tasks 佇列

使用 gcloud tasks create-http-task 指令建立以 HTTP 端點為目標的工作，並將工作新增至佇列。

1. 建立工作，將工作新增到您建立的佇列，然後將工作遞送到 HTTP 端點。

   gcloud tasks create-http-task \
       --queue=QUEUE_NAME \
       --url=URL_PATH \
       --method=GET \
       --location=REGION \
       --project=PROJECT_ID
   

   將 URL_PATH 替換為請求傳送的完整網址路徑。例如：https://www.google.com

   路徑開頭必須為 http:// 或 https://。

2. 讀取記錄，確認工作是否已順利執行。

   gcloud logging read --limit=3
   

   記錄應類似下列所示：

   jsonPayload:
   '@type': type.googleapis.com/google.cloud.tasks.logging.v1.TaskActivityLog
   task: projects/PROJECT_ID/locations/REGION/queues/QUEUE_NAME/tasks/TASK_ID
   taskCreationLog:
      scheduleTime: '2024-07-04T19:00:27.801837Z'
      status: OK
      targetAddress: GET https://www.google.com/
      targetType: HTTP
   

清除所用資源

如要避免系統向您的 Google Cloud 帳戶收取本頁面所用資源的費用，請刪除含有這些資源的 Google Cloud 專案。

注意：刪除專案會造成以下結果：

• 專案中的所有內容都會遭到刪除。 如果您使用現有專案來進行本文中的工作，刪除專案將一併刪除其中已完成的所有工作。
• 自訂的專案 ID 會消失。當您之前建立這個專案時，可能建立了想要在日後使用的自訂專案 ID。如要保留使用該專案 ID 的網址 (例如 appspot.com 網址)，請刪除在該專案中選取的資源，而不是刪除整個專案。

如果打算探索多種架構、教學課程或快速入門導覽課程，重複使用專案有助於避免超出專案配額限制。

Delete a Google Cloud project:

gcloud projects delete PROJECT_ID

或者，您也可以刪除 Cloud Tasks 佇列：

gcloud tasks queues delete QUEUE_NAME \
    --location=REGION

後續步驟

• 管理佇列和工作
• 建立 Cloud Tasks 佇列
• RPC API 參考資料
• REST API 參考資料