发送 HTTP 请求

演示如何通过 Cloud Functions 函数发出 HTTP 请求。

代码示例

C#GoJavaNode.jsPHPPythonRuby

如需向 Cloud Run functions 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

using Google.Cloud.Functions.Framework;
using Google.Cloud.Functions.Hosting;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Hosting;
using Microsoft.AspNetCore.Http;
using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;
using System.Net.Http;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace SendHttpRequest;

// Dependency injection configuration, executed during server startup.
public class Startup : FunctionsStartup
{
    public override void ConfigureServices(WebHostBuilderContext context, IServiceCollection services)
    {
        // Make an HttpClient available to our function via dependency injection.
        // There are many options here; see
        // https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/aspnet/core/fundamentals/http-requests
        // for more details.
        services.AddHttpClient<IHttpFunction, Function>();
    }
}

// Function, decorated with the FunctionsStartup attribute to specify the startup class
// for dependency injection.
[FunctionsStartup(typeof(Startup))]
public class Function : IHttpFunction
{
    private readonly HttpClient _httpClient;

    public Function(HttpClient httpClient) =>
        _httpClient = httpClient;

    public async Task HandleAsync(HttpContext context)
    {
        string url = "http://example.com";
        using (HttpResponseMessage clientResponse = await _httpClient.GetAsync(url, context.RequestAborted))
        {
            await context.Response.WriteAsync(
                $"Received code '{(int) clientResponse.StatusCode}' from URL '{url}'.",
                context.RequestAborted);
        }
    }
}

如需向 Cloud Run functions 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

// Package http provides a set of HTTP Cloud Functions samples.
package http

import (
	"fmt"
	"net/http"
	"time"

	"github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/functions-framework-go/functions"
)

var urlString = "https://example.com"

// client is used to make HTTP requests with a 10 second timeout.
// http.Clients should be reused instead of created as needed.
var client = &http.Client{
	Timeout: 10 * time.Second,
}

func init() {
	functions.HTTP("MakeRequest", MakeRequest)
}

// MakeRequest is an example of making an HTTP request. MakeRequest uses a
// single http.Client for all requests to take advantage of connection
// pooling and caching. See https://godoc.org/net/http#Client.
func MakeRequest(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	resp, err := client.Get(urlString)
	if err != nil {
		http.Error(w, "Error making request", http.StatusInternalServerError)
		return
	}
	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
		msg := fmt.Sprintf("Bad StatusCode: %d", resp.StatusCode)
		http.Error(w, msg, http.StatusInternalServerError)
		return
	}
	fmt.Fprintf(w, "ok")
}

如需向 Cloud Run functions 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

import com.google.cloud.functions.HttpFunction;
import com.google.cloud.functions.HttpRequest;
import com.google.cloud.functions.HttpResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.net.URI;
import java.net.http.HttpClient;
import java.net.http.HttpResponse.BodyHandlers;
import java.time.Duration;

public class SendHttpRequest implements HttpFunction {

  // Create a client with some reasonable defaults. This client can be reused for multiple requests.
  // (java.net.httpClient also pools connections automatically by default.)
  private static HttpClient client =
      HttpClient.newBuilder().connectTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(10)).build();

  @Override
  public void service(HttpRequest request, HttpResponse response)
      throws IOException, InterruptedException {
    // Create a GET sendHttpRequest to "http://example.com"
    String url = "http://example.com";
    var getRequest = java.net.http.HttpRequest.newBuilder().uri(URI.create(url)).GET().build();

    // Send the sendHttpRequest using the client
    var getResponse = client.send(getRequest, BodyHandlers.ofString());

    // Write the results to the output:
    var writer = new PrintWriter(response.getWriter());
    writer.printf("Received code '%s' from url '%s'.", getResponse.statusCode(), url);
  }
}

如需向 Cloud Run functions 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

const fetch = require('node-fetch');
const functions = require('@google-cloud/functions-framework');

/**
 * HTTP Cloud Function that makes an HTTP request
 *
 * @param {Object} req Cloud Function request context.
 * @param {Object} res Cloud Function response context.
 */
functions.http('makeRequest', async (req, res) => {
  const url = 'https://example.com'; // URL to send the request to
  const externalRes = await fetch(url);
  res.sendStatus(externalRes.ok ? 200 : 500);
});

如需向 Cloud Run functions 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

use Psr\Http\Message\ServerRequestInterface;
use Psr\Http\Message\ResponseInterface;
use GuzzleHttp\Client;
use GuzzleHttp\Psr7\Response;

function makeRequest(ServerRequestInterface $request): ResponseInterface
{
    // This sample uses the GuzzleHTTP client
    // See its documentation for usage information
    // https://docs.guzzlephp.org/en/stable/

    // Specify the URL to send requests to
    $client = new Client([
        'base_uri' => 'https://example.com',
    ]);

    // Send the request
    $url_response = $client->get('/');

    $function_response = new Response(
        $url_response->getStatusCode(),
        [], // headers
        ''  // body
    );

    return $function_response;
}

如需向 Cloud Run functions 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

import functions_framework


@functions_framework.http
def make_request(request):
    """
    HTTP Cloud Function that makes another HTTP request.
    Args:
        request (flask.Request): The request object.
        <http://flask.pocoo.org/docs/1.0/api/#flask.Request>
    Returns:
        The response text, or any set of values that can be turned into a
        Response object using `make_response`
        <http://flask.pocoo.org/docs/1.0/api/#flask.Flask.make_response>.
    """
    import requests

    # The URL to send the request to
    url = "http://example.com"

    # Process the request
    response = requests.get(url)
    response.raise_for_status()
    return "Success!"

如需向 Cloud Run functions 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。如需了解详情，请参阅为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

require "functions_framework"
require "net/http"

FunctionsFramework.http "concepts_requests" do |_request|
  url = "example.com"
  response = Net::HTTP.get_response url, "/"
  "Received code: #{response.code} from url: #{url}"
end

后续步骤

如需搜索和过滤其他 Google Cloud 产品的代码示例，请参阅 Google Cloud 示例浏览器。