在本機測試函式

本指南說明如何使用 gcloud functions 指令，從原始碼在本機呼叫函式。如要瞭解如何使用 Functions Framework 在本機開發及測試 Cloud Run 函式，請參閱本機函式開發作業。

如要支援使用 Cloud Functions v2 API 建立的函式快速疊代和偵錯，可以在指令列介面中使用 call 指令。您可以直接叫用函式，確保函式運作正常。即使函式已部署為回應特定事件，也會立即執行。

使用 Google Cloud CLI 測試函式

如要使用 gcloud CLI 直接叫用函式，請使用 gcloud functions call 指令，並在 --data 引數中以 JSON 格式提供函式預期的任何資料。例如：

gcloud functions call YOUR_FUNCTION_NAME \
  --region=REGION --gen2 \
  --data '{"name":"Kalani"}'

取代：

YOUR_FUNCTION_NAME：要測試的函式名稱
REGION：函式部署的 Google Cloud 區域

--data 引數會以如下方式傳送至函式：

如果是 HTTP 函式，您提供的資料會以 POST 要求主體的形式傳送。
如果是事件驅動函式，資料會直接以事件資料的形式傳遞至函式。

詳情請參閱 gcloud functions call 說明文件。

Cloud Pub/Sub 事件驅動函式範例

這個範例說明如何直接叫用由 Pub/Sub 事件觸發的事件驅動函式：

Node.js

const functions = require('@google-cloud/functions-framework');

// Register a CloudEvent callback with the Functions Framework that will
// be executed when the Pub/Sub trigger topic receives a message.
functions.cloudEvent('helloPubSub', cloudEvent => {
  // The Pub/Sub message is passed as the CloudEvent's data payload.
  const base64name = cloudEvent.data.message.data;

  const name = base64name
    ? Buffer.from(base64name, 'base64').toString()
    : 'World';

  console.log(`Hello, ${name}!`);
});

Python

import base64

from cloudevents.http import CloudEvent
import functions_framework


# Triggered from a message on a Cloud Pub/Sub topic.
@functions_framework.cloud_event
def subscribe(cloud_event: CloudEvent) -> None:
    # Print out the data from Pub/Sub, to prove that it worked
    print(
        "Hello, " + base64.b64decode(cloud_event.data["message"]["data"]).decode() + "!"
    )

Go


// Package helloworld provides a set of Cloud Functions samples.
package helloworld

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"log"

	"github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/functions-framework-go/functions"
	"github.com/cloudevents/sdk-go/v2/event"
)

func init() {
	functions.CloudEvent("HelloPubSub", helloPubSub)
}

// MessagePublishedData contains the full Pub/Sub message
// See the documentation for more details:
// https://cloud.google.com/eventarc/docs/cloudevents#pubsub
type MessagePublishedData struct {
	Message PubSubMessage
}

// PubSubMessage is the payload of a Pub/Sub event.
// See the documentation for more details:
// https://cloud.google.com/pubsub/docs/reference/rest/v1/PubsubMessage
type PubSubMessage struct {
	Data []byte `json:"data"`
}

// helloPubSub consumes a CloudEvent message and extracts the Pub/Sub message.
func helloPubSub(ctx context.Context, e event.Event) error {
	var msg MessagePublishedData
	if err := e.DataAs(&msg); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("event.DataAs: %w", err)
	}

	name := string(msg.Message.Data) // Automatically decoded from base64.
	if name == "" {
		name = "World"
	}
	log.Printf("Hello, %s!", name)
	return nil
}

Java

import com.google.cloud.functions.CloudEventsFunction;
import com.google.gson.Gson;
import functions.eventpojos.PubSubBody;
import io.cloudevents.CloudEvent;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.util.Base64;
import java.util.logging.Logger;

public class SubscribeToTopic implements CloudEventsFunction {
  private static final Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(SubscribeToTopic.class.getName());

  @Override
  public void accept(CloudEvent event) {
    // The Pub/Sub message is passed as the CloudEvent's data payload.
    if (event.getData() != null) {
      // Extract Cloud Event data and convert to PubSubBody
      String cloudEventData = new String(event.getData().toBytes(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
      Gson gson = new Gson();
      PubSubBody body = gson.fromJson(cloudEventData, PubSubBody.class);
      // Retrieve and decode PubSub message data
      String encodedData = body.getMessage().getData();
      String decodedData =
          new String(Base64.getDecoder().decode(encodedData), StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
      logger.info("Hello, " + decodedData + "!");
    }
  }
}

C#

using CloudNative.CloudEvents;
using Google.Cloud.Functions.Framework;
using Google.Events.Protobuf.Cloud.PubSub.V1;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace HelloPubSub;

public class Function : ICloudEventFunction<MessagePublishedData>
{
    private readonly ILogger _logger;

    public Function(ILogger<Function> logger) =>
        _logger = logger;

    public Task HandleAsync(CloudEvent cloudEvent, MessagePublishedData data, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
    {
        string nameFromMessage = data.Message?.TextData;
        string name = string.IsNullOrEmpty(nameFromMessage) ? "world" : nameFromMessage;
        _logger.LogInformation("Hello {name}", name);
        return Task.CompletedTask;
    }
}

Ruby

require "functions_framework"
require "base64"

FunctionsFramework.cloud_event "hello_pubsub" do |event|
  # The event parameter is a CloudEvents::Event::V1 object.
  # See https://cloudevents.github.io/sdk-ruby/latest/CloudEvents/Event/V1.html
  name = Base64.decode64 event.data["message"]["data"] rescue "World"

  # A cloud_event function does not return a response, but you can log messages
  # or cause side effects such as sending additional events.
  logger.info "Hello, #{name}!"
end

PHP


use CloudEvents\V1\CloudEventInterface;
use Google\CloudFunctions\FunctionsFramework;

// Register the function with Functions Framework.
// This enables omitting the `FUNCTIONS_SIGNATURE_TYPE=cloudevent` environment
// variable when deploying. The `FUNCTION_TARGET` environment variable should
// match the first parameter.
FunctionsFramework::cloudEvent('helloworldPubsub', 'helloworldPubsub');

function helloworldPubsub(CloudEventInterface $event): void
{
    $log = fopen(getenv('LOGGER_OUTPUT') ?: 'php://stderr', 'wb');

    $cloudEventData = $event->getData();
    $pubSubData = base64_decode($cloudEventData['message']['data']);

    $name = $pubSubData ? htmlspecialchars($pubSubData) : 'World';
    fwrite($log, "Hello, $name!" . PHP_EOL);
}

如要直接叫用函式，請傳送 PubsubMessage，這會將採用 Base64 編碼的資料做為事件資料：