获取实时更新

您可以使用 onSnapshot() 方法监听某个文档。对您提供的回调函数的初始调用将使用相应文档的当前内容立即创建一份文档快照。之后，每次内容发生更改时，另一个调用将更新文档快照。

Web
db.collection("cities").doc("SF")
    .onSnapshot((doc) => {
        console.log("Current data: ", doc.data());
    });
test.firestore.js
Swift
db.collection("cities").document("SF")
    .addSnapshotListener { documentSnapshot, error in
      guard let document = documentSnapshot else {
        print("Error fetching document: \(error!)")
        return
      }
      guard let data = document.data() else {
        print("Document data was empty.")
        return
      }
      print("Current data: \(data)")
    }
ViewController.swift
Objective-C
[[[self.db collectionWithPath:@"cities"] documentWithPath:@"SF"]
    addSnapshotListener:^(FIRDocumentSnapshot *snapshot, NSError *error) {
      if (snapshot == nil) {
        NSLog(@"Error fetching document: %@", error);
        return;
      }
      NSLog(@"Current data: %@", snapshot.data);
    }];
ViewController.m
Java
Android
final DocumentReference docRef = db.collection("cities").document("SF");
docRef.addSnapshotListener(new EventListener<DocumentSnapshot>() {
    @Override
    public void onEvent(@Nullable DocumentSnapshot snapshot,
                        @Nullable FirebaseFirestoreException e) {
        if (e != null) {
            Log.w(TAG, "Listen failed.", e);
            return;
        }

        if (snapshot != null && snapshot.exists()) {
            Log.d(TAG, "Current data: " + snapshot.getData());
        } else {
            Log.d(TAG, "Current data: null");
        }
    }
});
DocSnippets.java
Kotlin+KTX
Android
val docRef = db.collection("cities").document("SF")
docRef.addSnapshotListener { snapshot, e ->
    if (e != null) {
        Log.w(TAG, "Listen failed.", e)
        return@addSnapshotListener
    }

    if (snapshot != null && snapshot.exists()) {
        Log.d(TAG, "Current data: ${snapshot.data}")
    } else {
        Log.d(TAG, "Current data: null")
    }
}
DocSnippets.kt
Java
DocumentReference docRef = db.collection("cities").document("SF");
docRef.addSnapshotListener(new EventListener<DocumentSnapshot>() {
  @Override
  public void onEvent(@Nullable DocumentSnapshot snapshot,
                      @Nullable FirestoreException e) {
    if (e != null) {
      System.err.println("Listen failed: " + e);
      return;
    }

    if (snapshot != null && snapshot.exists()) {
      System.out.println("Current data: " + snapshot.getData());
    } else {
      System.out.print("Current data: null");
    }
  }
});
ListenDataSnippets.java
Python

# Create an Event for notifying main thread.
callback_done = threading.Event()

# Create a callback on_snapshot function to capture changes
def on_snapshot(doc_snapshot, changes, read_time):
    for doc in doc_snapshot:
        print(f'Received document snapshot: {doc.id}')
    callback_done.set()

doc_ref = db.collection(u'cities').document(u'SF')

# Watch the document
doc_watch = doc_ref.on_snapshot(on_snapshot)
snippets.py
C++
DocumentReference doc_ref = db->Collection("cities").Document("SF");
doc_ref.AddSnapshotListener(
    [](const DocumentSnapshot& snapshot, Error error) {
      if (error == Error::kErrorOk) {
        if (snapshot.exists()) {
          std::cout << "Current data: " << snapshot << '\n';
        } else {
          std::cout << "Current data: null\n";
        }
      } else {
        std::cout << "Listen failed: " << error << '\n';
      }
    });
snippets.cpp
Node.js
const doc = db.collection('cities').doc('SF');

const observer = doc.onSnapshot(docSnapshot => {
  console.log(`Received doc snapshot: ${docSnapshot}`);
  // ...
}, err => {
  console.log(`Encountered error: ${err}`);
});
index.js
Go
// Snippet coming soon
PHP
// Not supported in the PHP client library
Unity
DocumentReference docRef = db.Collection("cities").Document("SF");
docRef.Listen(snapshot => {
    Debug.Log("Callback received document snapshot.");
    Debug.Log(String.Format("Document data for {0} document:", snapshot.Id));
    Dictionary<string, object> city = snapshot.ToDictionary();
    foreach (KeyValuePair<string, object> pair in city) {
        Debug.Log(String.Format("{0}: {1}", pair.Key, pair.Value));
    }
});
C#
DocumentReference docRef = db.Collection("cities").Document("SF");
FirestoreChangeListener listener = docRef.Listen(snapshot =>
{
    Console.WriteLine("Callback received document snapshot.");
    Console.WriteLine("Document exists? {0}", snapshot.Exists);
    if (snapshot.Exists)
    {
        Console.WriteLine("Document data for {0} document:", snapshot.Id);
        Dictionary<string, object> city = snapshot.ToDictionary();
        foreach (KeyValuePair<string, object> pair in city)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("{0}: {1}", pair.Key, pair.Value);
        }
    }
});
Program.cs
Ruby
// Snippet coming soon

本地更改事件

您应用中的本地写入将立即调用快照监听器。这是因为一个称为“延迟补偿”的重要功能。当您执行写入操作时，在数据发送到后端之前，系统会立即通知侦听器将收到新数据。

检索到的文档具有 metadata.hasPendingWrites 属性，可指示文档是否存在尚未写入后端的本地更改。您可以使用此属性来确定快照监听器接收到的事件的来源：

Web
db.collection("cities").doc("SF")
    .onSnapshot((doc) => {
        var source = doc.metadata.hasPendingWrites ? "Local" : "Server";
        console.log(source, " data: ", doc.data());
    });
test.firestore.js
Swift
db.collection("cities").document("SF")
    .addSnapshotListener { documentSnapshot, error in
        guard let document = documentSnapshot else {
            print("Error fetching document: \(error!)")
            return
        }
        let source = document.metadata.hasPendingWrites ? "Local" : "Server"
        print("\(source) data: \(document.data() ?? [:])")
    }
ViewController.swift
Objective-C
[[[self.db collectionWithPath:@"cities"] documentWithPath:@"SF"]
    addSnapshotListener:^(FIRDocumentSnapshot *snapshot, NSError *error) {
      if (snapshot == nil) {
        NSLog(@"Error fetching document: %@", error);
        return;
      }
      NSString *source = snapshot.metadata.hasPendingWrites ? @"Local" : @"Server";
      NSLog(@"%@ data: %@", source, snapshot.data);
    }];
ViewController.m
Java
Android
final DocumentReference docRef = db.collection("cities").document("SF");
docRef.addSnapshotListener(new EventListener<DocumentSnapshot>() {
    @Override
    public void onEvent(@Nullable DocumentSnapshot snapshot,
                        @Nullable FirebaseFirestoreException e) {
        if (e != null) {
            Log.w(TAG, "Listen failed.", e);
            return;
        }

        String source = snapshot != null && snapshot.getMetadata().hasPendingWrites()
                ? "Local" : "Server";

        if (snapshot != null && snapshot.exists()) {
            Log.d(TAG, source + " data: " + snapshot.getData());
        } else {
            Log.d(TAG, source + " data: null");
        }
    }
});
DocSnippets.java
Kotlin+KTX
Android
val docRef = db.collection("cities").document("SF")
docRef.addSnapshotListener { snapshot, e ->
    if (e != null) {
        Log.w(TAG, "Listen failed.", e)
        return@addSnapshotListener
    }

    val source = if (snapshot != null && snapshot.metadata.hasPendingWrites())
        "Local"
    else
        "Server"

    if (snapshot != null && snapshot.exists()) {
        Log.d(TAG, "$source data: ${snapshot.data}")
    } else {
        Log.d(TAG, "$source data: null")
    }
}
DocSnippets.kt
Java
# Not yet supported in the Java client library
Python
// Not yet supported in Python client library
C++
  DocumentReference doc_ref = db->Collection("cities").Document("SF");
doc_ref.AddSnapshotListener([](const DocumentSnapshot& snapshot,
                               Error error) {
  if (error == Error::kErrorOk) {
    const char* source =
        snapshot.metadata().has_pending_writes() ? "Local" : "Server";
    if (snapshot.exists()) {
      std::cout << source << " data: " << snapshot.Get("name").string_value()
                << '\n';
    } else {
      std::cout << source << " data: null\n";
    }
  } else {
    std::cout << "Listen failed: " << error << '\n';
  }
});
snippets.cpp
Node.js
// Not yet supported in the Node.js client library
Go
// Not yet supported in the Go client library
PHP
// Not supported in the PHP client library
Unity
// Not yet supported in the Unity SDK
C#
// Not yet supported in the C# client library
Ruby
// Not yet supported in the Ruby client library

元数据更改事件

在监听对文档、集合或查询的更改时，您可以传递选项来控制监听器将接收到的事件的粒度。

默认情况下，系统不会就仅影响元数据的变更通知监听器。考虑当您的应用写入新文档时会发生什么情况：

  1. 新数据立即触发更改事件。该文档尚未写入后端，因此“待写入”标志现在为 true。
  2. 该文档写入后端。
  3. 成功写入后，后端会通知客户端。文档数据没有变化，但由于“待写入”标志现在为 false，因此会发生一项元数据更改。

如果您希望在文档或查询元数据发生更改时均收到快照事件，请在连接侦听器时传递侦听选项对象：

Web
db.collection("cities").doc("SF")
    .onSnapshot({
        // Listen for document metadata changes
        includeMetadataChanges: true
    }, (doc) => {
        // ...
    });
test.firestore.js
Swift
// Listen to document metadata.
db.collection("cities").document("SF")
    .addSnapshotListener(includeMetadataChanges: true) { documentSnapshot, error in
        // ...
    }
ViewController.swift
Objective-C
// Listen for metadata changes.
[[[self.db collectionWithPath:@"cities"] documentWithPath:@"SF"]
    addSnapshotListenerWithIncludeMetadataChanges:YES
                                         listener:^(FIRDocumentSnapshot *snapshot, NSError *error) {
   // ...
}];
ViewController.m
Java
Android
// Listen for metadata changes to the document.
DocumentReference docRef = db.collection("cities").document("SF");
docRef.addSnapshotListener(MetadataChanges.INCLUDE, new EventListener<DocumentSnapshot>() {
    @Override
    public void onEvent(@Nullable DocumentSnapshot snapshot,
                        @Nullable FirebaseFirestoreException e) {
        // ...
    }
});
DocSnippets.java
Kotlin+KTX
Android
// Listen for metadata changes to the document.
val docRef = db.collection("cities").document("SF")
docRef.addSnapshotListener(MetadataChanges.INCLUDE) { snapshot, e ->
    // ...
}
DocSnippets.kt
Java
// Not yet supported in the Java client library
Python
// Not yet supported in Python client library
C++
DocumentReference doc_ref = db->Collection("cities").Document("SF");
doc_ref.AddSnapshotListener(
    MetadataChanges::kInclude,
    [](const DocumentSnapshot& snapshot, Error error) { /* ... */ });
snippets.cpp
Node.js
// Not yet supported the Node.js client library
Go
// Not yet supported in the Go client library
PHP
// Not supported in the PHP client library
Unity
// Not yet supported in the Unity SDK
C#
// Not yet supported in the C# client library
Ruby
// Not yet supported in the Ruby client library

监听集合中的多个文档

与文档一样，您可以使用 onSnapshot()（而不是 get()）来监听查询结果。这将创建一个查询快照。例如，要监听状态为 CA 的文档：

Web
db.collection("cities").where("state", "==", "CA")
    .onSnapshot((querySnapshot) => {
        var cities = [];
        querySnapshot.forEach((doc) => {
            cities.push(doc.data().name);
        });
        console.log("Current cities in CA: ", cities.join(", "));
    });
test.firestore.js
Swift
db.collection("cities").whereField("state", isEqualTo: "CA")
    .addSnapshotListener { querySnapshot, error in
        guard let documents = querySnapshot?.documents else {
            print("Error fetching documents: \(error!)")
            return
        }
        let cities = documents.map { $0["name"]! }
        print("Current cities in CA: \(cities)")
    }
ViewController.swift
Objective-C
[[[self.db collectionWithPath:@"cities"] queryWhereField:@"state" isEqualTo:@"CA"]
    addSnapshotListener:^(FIRQuerySnapshot *snapshot, NSError *error) {
      if (snapshot == nil) {
        NSLog(@"Error fetching documents: %@", error);
        return;
      }
      NSMutableArray *cities = [NSMutableArray array];
      for (FIRDocumentSnapshot *document in snapshot.documents) {
        [cities addObject:document.data[@"name"]];
      }
      NSLog(@"Current cities in CA: %@", cities);
    }];
ViewController.m
Java
Android
db.collection("cities")
        .whereEqualTo("state", "CA")
        .addSnapshotListener(new EventListener<QuerySnapshot>() {
            @Override
            public void onEvent(@Nullable QuerySnapshot value,
                                @Nullable FirebaseFirestoreException e) {
                if (e != null) {
                    Log.w(TAG, "Listen failed.", e);
                    return;
                }

                List<String> cities = new ArrayList<>();
                for (QueryDocumentSnapshot doc : value) {
                    if (doc.get("name") != null) {
                        cities.add(doc.getString("name"));
                    }
                }
                Log.d(TAG, "Current cites in CA: " + cities);
            }
        });
DocSnippets.java
Kotlin+KTX
Android
db.collection("cities")
        .whereEqualTo("state", "CA")
        .addSnapshotListener { value, e ->
            if (e != null) {
                Log.w(TAG, "Listen failed.", e)
                return@addSnapshotListener
            }

            val cities = ArrayList<String>()
            for (doc in value!!) {
                doc.getString("name")?.let {
                    cities.add(it)
                }
            }
            Log.d(TAG, "Current cites in CA: $cities")
        }
DocSnippets.kt
Java
db.collection("cities")
    .whereEqualTo("state", "CA")
    .addSnapshotListener(new EventListener<QuerySnapshot>() {
      @Override
      public void onEvent(@Nullable QuerySnapshot snapshots,
                          @Nullable FirestoreException e) {
        if (e != null) {
          System.err.println("Listen failed:" + e);
          return;
        }

        List<String> cities = new ArrayList<>();
        for (DocumentSnapshot doc : snapshots) {
          if (doc.get("name") != null) {
            cities.add(doc.getString("name"));
          }
        }
        System.out.println("Current cites in CA: " + cities);
      }
    });
ListenDataSnippets.java
Python

# Create an Event for notifying main thread.
callback_done = threading.Event()

# Create a callback on_snapshot function to capture changes
def on_snapshot(col_snapshot, changes, read_time):
    print(u'Callback received query snapshot.')
    print(u'Current cities in California:')
    for doc in col_snapshot:
        print(f'{doc.id}')
    callback_done.set()

col_query = db.collection(u'cities').where(u'state', u'==', u'CA')

# Watch the collection query
query_watch = col_query.on_snapshot(on_snapshot)

snippets.py
C++
db->Collection("cities")
    .WhereEqualTo("state", FieldValue::String("CA"))
    .AddSnapshotListener([](const QuerySnapshot& snapshot, Error error) {
      if (error == Error::kErrorOk) {
        std::vector<std::string> cities;
        std::cout << "Current cities in CA: " << error << '\n';
        for (const DocumentSnapshot& doc : snapshot.documents()) {
          cities.push_back(doc.Get("name").string_value());
          std::cout << "" << cities.back() << '\n';
        }
      } else {
        std::cout << "Listen failed: " << error << '\n';
      }
    });
snippets.cpp
Node.js
const query = db.collection('cities').where('state', '==', 'CA');

const observer = query.onSnapshot(querySnapshot => {
  console.log(`Received query snapshot of size ${querySnapshot.size}`);
  // ...
}, err => {
  console.log(`Encountered error: ${err}`);
});
index.js
Go
// Snippet coming soon
PHP
// Not supported in the PHP client library
Unity
Query query = db.Collection("cities").WhereEqualTo("State", "CA");

ListenerRegistration listener = query.Listen(snapshot => {
  Debug.Log("Callback received query snapshot.");
  Debug.Log("Current cities in California:");
  foreach (DocumentSnapshot documentSnapshot in snapshot.Documents) {
    Debug.Log(documentSnapshot.Id);
  }
});
C#
CollectionReference citiesRef = db.Collection("cities");
Query query = db.Collection("cities").WhereEqualTo("State", "CA");

FirestoreChangeListener listener = query.Listen(snapshot =>
{
    Console.WriteLine("Callback received query snapshot.");
    Console.WriteLine("Current cities in California:");
    foreach (DocumentSnapshot documentSnapshot in snapshot.Documents)
    {
        Console.WriteLine(documentSnapshot.Id);
    }
});
Program.cs
Ruby
// Snippet coming soon

每当查询结果发生更改时（即添加、移除或修改文档时），快照处理程序都将收到一个新的查询快照。

查看快照之间的更改

查看不同的查询快照之间发生的查询结果实际更改（而非简单地使用整个查询快照）通常很有用。例如，您可能希望在添加、删除和修改单个文档时保留缓存。

Web
db.collection("cities").where("state", "==", "CA")
    .onSnapshot((snapshot) => {
        snapshot.docChanges().forEach((change) => {
            if (change.type === "added") {
                console.log("New city: ", change.doc.data());
            }
            if (change.type === "modified") {
                console.log("Modified city: ", change.doc.data());
            }
            if (change.type === "removed") {
                console.log("Removed city: ", change.doc.data());
            }
        });
    });
test.firestore.js
Swift
db.collection("cities").whereField("state", isEqualTo: "CA")
    .addSnapshotListener { querySnapshot, error in
        guard let snapshot = querySnapshot else {
            print("Error fetching snapshots: \(error!)")
            return
        }
        snapshot.documentChanges.forEach { diff in
            if (diff.type == .added) {
                print("New city: \(diff.document.data())")
            }
            if (diff.type == .modified) {
                print("Modified city: \(diff.document.data())")
            }
            if (diff.type == .removed) {
                print("Removed city: \(diff.document.data())")
            }
        }
    }
ViewController.swift
Objective-C
[[[self.db collectionWithPath:@"cities"] queryWhereField:@"state" isEqualTo:@"CA"]
    addSnapshotListener:^(FIRQuerySnapshot *snapshot, NSError *error) {
      if (snapshot == nil) {
        NSLog(@"Error fetching documents: %@", error);
        return;
      }
      for (FIRDocumentChange *diff in snapshot.documentChanges) {
        if (diff.type == FIRDocumentChangeTypeAdded) {
          NSLog(@"New city: %@", diff.document.data);
        }
        if (diff.type == FIRDocumentChangeTypeModified) {
          NSLog(@"Modified city: %@", diff.document.data);
        }
        if (diff.type == FIRDocumentChangeTypeRemoved) {
          NSLog(@"Removed city: %@", diff.document.data);
        }
      }
    }];
ViewController.m
Java
Android
db.collection("cities")
        .whereEqualTo("state", "CA")
        .addSnapshotListener(new EventListener<QuerySnapshot>() {
            @Override
            public void onEvent(@Nullable QuerySnapshot snapshots,
                                @Nullable FirebaseFirestoreException e) {
                if (e != null) {
                    Log.w(TAG, "listen:error", e);
                    return;
                }

                for (DocumentChange dc : snapshots.getDocumentChanges()) {
                    switch (dc.getType()) {
                        case ADDED:
                            Log.d(TAG, "New city: " + dc.getDocument().getData());
                            break;
                        case MODIFIED:
                            Log.d(TAG, "Modified city: " + dc.getDocument().getData());
                            break;
                        case REMOVED:
                            Log.d(TAG, "Removed city: " + dc.getDocument().getData());
                            break;
                    }
                }

            }
        });
DocSnippets.java
Kotlin+KTX
Android
db.collection("cities")
        .whereEqualTo("state", "CA")
        .addSnapshotListener { snapshots, e ->
            if (e != null) {
                Log.w(TAG, "listen:error", e)
                return@addSnapshotListener
            }

            for (dc in snapshots!!.documentChanges) {
                when (dc.type) {
                    DocumentChange.Type.ADDED -> Log.d(TAG, "New city: ${dc.document.data}")
                    DocumentChange.Type.MODIFIED -> Log.d(TAG, "Modified city: ${dc.document.data}")
                    DocumentChange.Type.REMOVED -> Log.d(TAG, "Removed city: ${dc.document.data}")
                }
            }
        }
DocSnippets.kt
Java
db.collection("cities")
    .whereEqualTo("state", "CA")
    .addSnapshotListener(new EventListener<QuerySnapshot>() {
      @Override
      public void onEvent(@Nullable QuerySnapshot snapshots,
                          @Nullable FirestoreException e) {
        if (e != null) {
          System.err.println("Listen failed: " + e);
          return;
        }

        for (DocumentChange dc : snapshots.getDocumentChanges()) {
          switch (dc.getType()) {
            case ADDED:
              System.out.println("New city: " + dc.getDocument().getData());
              break;
            case MODIFIED:
              System.out.println("Modified city: " + dc.getDocument().getData());
              break;
            case REMOVED:
              System.out.println("Removed city: " + dc.getDocument().getData());
              break;
            default:
              break;
          }
        }
      }
    });
ListenDataSnippets.java
C++
db->Collection("cities")
    .WhereEqualTo("state", FieldValue::String("CA"))
    .AddSnapshotListener([](const QuerySnapshot& snapshot, Error error) {
      if (error == Error::kErrorOk) {
        for (const DocumentChange& dc : snapshot.DocumentChanges()) {
          switch (dc.type()) {
            case DocumentChange::Type::kAdded:
              std::cout << "New city: "
                        << dc.document().Get("name").string_value() << '\n';
              break;
            case DocumentChange::Type::kModified:
              std::cout << "Modified city: "
                        << dc.document().Get("name").string_value() << '\n';
              break;
            case DocumentChange::Type::kRemoved:
              std::cout << "Removed city: "
                        << dc.document().Get("name").string_value() << '\n';
              break;
          }
        }
      } else {
        std::cout << "Listen failed: " << error << '\n';
      }
    });
snippets.cpp
Python

# Create an Event for notifying main thread.
delete_done = threading.Event()

# Create a callback on_snapshot function to capture changes
def on_snapshot(col_snapshot, changes, read_time):
    print(u'Callback received query snapshot.')
    print(u'Current cities in California: ')
    for change in changes:
        if change.type.name == 'ADDED':
            print(f'New city: {change.document.id}')
        elif change.type.name == 'MODIFIED':
            print(f'Modified city: {change.document.id}')
        elif change.type.name == 'REMOVED':
            print(f'Removed city: {change.document.id}')
            delete_done.set()

col_query = db.collection(u'cities').where(u'state', u'==', u'CA')

# Watch the collection query
query_watch = col_query.on_snapshot(on_snapshot)

snippets.py
Node.js
const observer = db.collection('cities').where('state', '==', 'CA')
  .onSnapshot(querySnapshot => {
    querySnapshot.docChanges().forEach(change => {
      if (change.type === 'added') {
        console.log('New city: ', change.doc.data());
      }
      if (change.type === 'modified') {
        console.log('Modified city: ', change.doc.data());
      }
      if (change.type === 'removed') {
        console.log('Removed city: ', change.doc.data());
      }
    });
  });
index.js
Go
// Snippet coming soon
PHP
// Not supported in the PHP client library
Unity
        Query query = db.Collection("cities").WhereEqualTo("State", "CA");

        ListenerRegistration listener = query.Listen(snapshot =>
        {
            foreach (DocumentChange change in snapshot.GetChanges())
            {
                if (change.ChangeType == DocumentChange.Type.Added)
                {
                    Debug.Log(String.Format("New city: {0}", change.Document.Id));
                }
                else if (change.ChangeType == DocumentChange.Type.Modified)
                {
                    Debug.Log(String.Format("Modified city: {0}", change.Document.Id));
                }
                else if (change.ChangeType == DocumentChange.Type.Removed)
                {
                    Debug.Log(String.Format("Removed city: {0}", change.Document.Id));
                }
            }
        });
    }
}
C#
CollectionReference citiesRef = db.Collection("cities");
Query query = db.Collection("cities").WhereEqualTo("State", "CA");

FirestoreChangeListener listener = query.Listen(snapshot =>
{
    foreach (DocumentChange change in snapshot.Changes)
    {
        if (change.ChangeType.ToString() == "Added")
        {
            Console.WriteLine("New city: {0}", change.Document.Id);
        }
        else if (change.ChangeType.ToString() == "Modified")
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Modified city: {0}", change.Document.Id);
        }
        else if (change.ChangeType.ToString() == "Removed")
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Removed city: {0}", change.Document.Id);
        }
    }
});
Program.cs
Ruby
// Snippet coming soon

初始状态可以直接来自服务器，也可以来自本地缓存。如果在本地缓存中有可用的状态，则查询快照最初将使用缓存的数据填充，并在客户端与服务器状态一致时使用服务器数据进行更新。

分离监听器

当不再需要监听数据时，您必须分离监听器，以便停止调用事件回调函数。这样客户端可以停止使用带宽来接收更新。例如：

Web
var unsubscribe = db.collection("cities")
    .onSnapshot(() => {
      // Respond to data
      // ...
    });

// Later ...

// Stop listening to changes
unsubscribe();
test.firestore.js
Swift
let listener = db.collection("cities").addSnapshotListener { querySnapshot, error in
    // ...
}

// ...

// Stop listening to changes
listener.remove()
ViewController.swift
Objective-C
id<FIRListenerRegistration> listener = [[self.db collectionWithPath:@"cities"]
    addSnapshotListener:^(FIRQuerySnapshot *snapshot, NSError *error) {
      // ...
}];

// ...

// Stop listening to changes
[listener remove];
ViewController.m
Java
Android
Query query = db.collection("cities");
ListenerRegistration registration = query.addSnapshotListener(
        new EventListener<QuerySnapshot>() {
            // ...
        });

// ...

// Stop listening to changes
registration.remove();
DocSnippets.java
Kotlin+KTX
Android
val query = db.collection("cities")
val registration = query.addSnapshotListener { snapshots, e ->
    // ...
}

// ...

// Stop listening to changes
registration.remove()
DocSnippets.kt
Java
Query query = db.collection("cities");
ListenerRegistration registration = query.addSnapshotListener(
    new EventListener<QuerySnapshot>() {
      // ...
    });

// ...

// Stop listening to changes
registration.remove();
ListenDataSnippets.java
Python
# Terminate watch on a document
doc_watch.unsubscribe()
snippets.py
C++
// Add a listener
Query query = db->Collection("cities");
ListenerRegistration registration = query.AddSnapshotListener(
    [](const QuerySnapshot& snapshot, Error error) { /* ... */ });
// Stop listening to changes
registration.Remove();
snippets.cpp
Node.js
const unsub = db.collection('cities').onSnapshot(() => {
});

// ...

// Stop listening for changes
unsub();
index.js
Go
// Snippet coming soon
PHP
// Not supported in the PHP client library
Unity
listener.Stop();
C#
await listener.StopAsync();
Program.cs
Ruby
// Snippet coming soon

处理侦听错误

侦听有时候可能会失败 - 可能的原因有很多，例如：安全权限、您在尝试侦听无效的查询。（详细了解有效和无效查询。）要处理这些失败，您可以在附加快照监听器时提供错误回调函数。发生错误后，侦听器将不再收到任何事件，因此无需分离侦听器。

Web
db.collection("cities")
    .onSnapshot((snapshot) => {
        // ...
    }, (error) => {
        // ...
    });
test.firestore.js
Swift
db.collection("cities")
    .addSnapshotListener { querySnapshot, error in
        if let error = error {
            print("Error retreiving collection: \(error)")
        }
    }
ViewController.swift
Objective-C
[[self.db collectionWithPath:@"cities"]
    addSnapshotListener:^(FIRQuerySnapshot *snapshot, NSError *error) {
      if (error != nil) {
        NSLog(@"Error retreving collection: %@", error);
      }
    }];
ViewController.m
Java
Android
db.collection("cities")
        .addSnapshotListener(new EventListener<QuerySnapshot>() {
            @Override
            public void onEvent(@Nullable QuerySnapshot snapshots,
                                @Nullable FirebaseFirestoreException e) {
                if (e != null) {
                    Log.w(TAG, "listen:error", e);
                    return;
                }

                for (DocumentChange dc : snapshots.getDocumentChanges()) {
                    if (dc.getType() == Type.ADDED) {
                        Log.d(TAG, "New city: " + dc.getDocument().getData());
                    }
                }

            }
        });
DocSnippets.java
Kotlin+KTX
Android
db.collection("cities")
        .addSnapshotListener { snapshots, e ->
            if (e != null) {
                Log.w(TAG, "listen:error", e)
                return@addSnapshotListener
            }

            for (dc in snapshots!!.documentChanges) {
                if (dc.type == DocumentChange.Type.ADDED) {
                    Log.d(TAG, "New city: ${dc.document.data}")
                }
            }
        }
DocSnippets.kt
Java
db.collection("cities")
    .addSnapshotListener(new EventListener<QuerySnapshot>() {
      @Override
      public void onEvent(@Nullable QuerySnapshot snapshots,
                          @Nullable FirestoreException e) {
        if (e != null) {
          System.err.println("Listen failed: " + e);
          return;
        }

        for (DocumentChange dc : snapshots.getDocumentChanges()) {
          if (dc.getType() == Type.ADDED) {
            System.out.println("New city: " + dc.getDocument().getData());
          }
        }
      }
    });
ListenDataSnippets.java
Python
// Snippet coming soon
C++
// This is not yet supported.
Node.js
db.collection('cities')
  .onSnapshot((snapshot) => {
    //...
  }, (error) => {
    //...
  });
index.js
Go
// Snippet coming soon
PHP
// Not supported in the PHP client library
Unity
// Not supported in the Unity SDK.
C#
// Snippet coming soon
Ruby
// Snippet coming soon

后续步骤