Profile BigQuery data in an organization or folder

This page describes how to configure BigQuery data discovery at the level of an organization or folder. If you want to profile a project, see Profile BigQuery data in a single project.

For more information about the discovery service, see Data profiles.

To start profiling data, you create a scan configuration.

Before you begin

1. Confirm that you have the IAM permissions that are required to configure data profiles at the organization level.

   If you don't have the Organization Administrator (roles/resourcemanager.organizationAdmin) or Security Admin (roles/iam.securityAdmin) role, you can still create a scan configuration. However, after you create the scan configuration, someone with either of those roles must grant data profiling access to your service agent.

2. You must have an inspection template in each region where you have data to be profiled. If you want to use a single template for multiple regions, you can use a template that is stored in the global region. If organizational policies prevent you from creating a global inspection template, you must set a dedicated inspection template for each region. For more information, see Data residency considerations.

   This task lets you create an inspection template in the global region only. If you need dedicated inspection templates for one or more regions, you must create those templates before performing this task.

3. You can configure Sensitive Data Protection to send notifications to Pub/Sub when certain events occur, such as when Sensitive Data Protection profiles a new table. If you want to use this feature, you must first create a Pub/Sub topic.

To generate data profiles, you need a service agent container and a service agent within it. This task lets you create them automatically.

Create a scan configuration

1. Go to the Create scan configuration page.

   Go to Create scan configuration

2. Go to your organization. On the toolbar, click the project selector and select your organization.

The following sections provide more information about the steps in the Create scan configuration page. At the end of each section, click Continue.

Select a discovery type

Select BigQuery.

Select scope

Do one of the following:

• To configure profiling at the organization level, select Scan entire organization.
• To configure profiling at the level of a folder, select Scan selected folder. Click Browse and select the folder.

Manage schedules

If the default profiling frequency suits your needs, you can skip this section of the Create scan configuration page. This section is useful if you want to make fine-grained adjustments to the profiling frequency of all your data or certain subsets of your data. It's also useful if you don't want certain tables to ever be profiled, or you want them to be profiled once and then never again.

In this section, you create filters to specify certain subsets of your data that are of interest. For these subsets, you define whether Sensitive Data Protection should profile the tables and how often. Here, you also specify the types of changes that should cause a table to be reprofiled. Finally, you specify any conditions that each table in the subsets must meet before Sensitive Data Protection starts profiling the table.

To make fine-grained adjustments to profiling frequency, follow these steps:

1. Click Add schedule.

2. In the Filters section, you define one or more filters that specify which tables are in the schedule's scope.

   Specify at least one of the following:

   • A project ID or a regular expression that specifies one or more projects.
   • A dataset ID or a regular expression that specifies one or more datasets.
   • A table ID or a regular expression that specifies one or more tables.

   Regular expressions must follow the RE2 syntax.

   For example, if you want all tables in a project to be included in the filter, specify that project's ID and leave the two other fields blank.

   If you want to add more filters, click Add filter and repeat this step.

3. Click Frequency.

4. In the Frequency section, specify whether Sensitive Data Protection should profile the tables you defined in your filters, and if so, how often:

   • If you never want the tables to be profiled, turn off Profile the tables.

   • If you want the tables to be profiled at least once, leave Profile the tables on, and follow these steps:

     1. For When schema changes, specify how often Sensitive Data Protection should check if the selected tables had schema changes after they were last profiled. Only tables with schema changes will be reprofiled. Select one of the following:
     • Do not reprofile: Never reprofile after the initial profiles are generated.
     • Reprofile daily: Check for schema changes once every 24 hours and reprofile the updated tables.
     • Reprofile weekly: Check for schema changes once every 7 days and reprofile the updated tables.
     • Reprofile monthly: Check for schema changes once every 30 days and reprofile the updated tables.

     1. For Types of schema change, specify which types of schema changes should trigger a reprofile operation. Select one of the following:

        • New columns: Reprofile the tables that gained new columns.
        • Removed columns: Reprofile the tables that had columns removed.

        For example, suppose you have tables that gain new columns everyday, and you need to profile their contents each time. You can set When schema changes to Reprofile daily, and set Types of schema change to New columns.

     2. For When table changes , specify how often Sensitive Data Protection should check if the selected tables had any changes after they were last profiled. Only tables with changes will be reprofiled. Examples of table changes are row deletions and schema changes. Select one of the following:

     • Do not reprofile: Never reprofile after the initial profiles are generated.
     • Reprofile daily: Check for changes once every 24 hours and reprofile the updated tables.
     • Reprofile weekly: Check for changes once every 7 days and reprofile the updated tables.
     • Reprofile monthly: Check for changes once every 30 days and reprofile the updated tables.

     You must select a value that is the same as, or less frequent than, the value you set in the When schema changes field.

5. Click Conditions.

6. In Conditions section, specify any conditions that the tables, defined in your filters, must meet before Sensitive Data Protection profiles them. If you set minimum conditions and the time condition, Sensitive Data Protection only profiles tables that meet both types of conditions.

   • Minimum conditions: These conditions are useful if you want to delay profiling of a table until it has enough rows or until it reaches a certain age. Turn on the conditions you want to apply, and specify the minimum row count or duration.
   • Time condition: This condition is useful if you don't want old tables to ever be profiled. Turn on the time condition, and pick a date and time. Any table created on or before that date is excluded from profiling.

   Suppose you have the following configuration:

   • Minimum conditions

     • Minimum row count: 10 rows
     • Minimum duration: 24 hours

   • Time condition

     • Timestamp: 5/4/22, 11:59 PM

   In this case, Sensitive Data Protection excludes any tables created on or before May 4, 2022, 11:59 PM. Among the tables created after this date and time, Sensitive Data Protection profiles only the tables that either have 10 rows or are at least 24 hours old.

7. In the Tables to profile section, select one of the following, depending on the types of tables that you want to profile:

   • Profile all tables: Select this option if you want Sensitive Data Protection to profile all types of tables that match your filters and conditions.

     For table types that aren't supported, Sensitive Data Protection generates only partially populated profiles. Such profiles show errors indicating that the tables they pertain to aren't supported. Select this option if you want to see the partial profiles despite the error messages.

     When Sensitive Data Protection adds support for a new table type, it fully reprofiles tables of that type during the next scheduled run.

   • Profile supported tables: Select this option if you want Sensitive Data Protection to profile only the supported tables that match your filters and conditions. Unsupported tables won't have partial profiles.

   • Profile specific table types: Select this option if you want Sensitive Data Protection to profile only the types of tables that you select. In the list that appears, select one or more types.

     When Sensitive Data Protection adds support for a new table type, it doesn't automatically profile tables of that type. To profile newly supported table types, you must edit your scan configuration and select those types.

   If you don't select an option, Sensitive Data Protection profiles only BigQuery tables and shows errors for unsupported tables.

   Pricing for data profiling varies depending on the types of tables profiled. For more information, see Data profiling pricing.

8. Click Done.

9. If you want to add more schedules, click Add schedule and repeat the previous steps.

10. To reorder the schedules according to priority, use the up and down arrows. For example, if the filters in two different schedules match Table A, the schedule higher on the priority list takes precedence.

    The last schedule in the list is always the one labeled Default schedule. This default schedule covers the tables in your selected resource (organization or folder) that don't match any of the schedules you created. This default schedule follows the system default profiling frequency.

11. If you want to adjust the default schedule, click Edit schedule, and adjust the settings as needed.

Select inspection template

Depending on how you want to provide an inspection configuration, choose one of the following options. Regardless of which option you choose, Sensitive Data Protection scans your data in the region where that data is stored. That is, your data doesn't leave its region of origin.

Option 1: Create an inspection template

Choose this option if you want to create a new inspection template in the global region.

1. Click Create new inspection template.

2. Optional: To modify the default selection of infoTypes, click Manage infoTypes.

   For more information about how to manage built-in and custom infoTypes in this section, see Manage infoTypes through the Google Cloud console.

   You must have at least one infoType selected to continue.

3. Optional: Configure the inspection template further by adding rulesets and setting a confidence threshold. For more information, see Configure detection.

   When Sensitive Data Protection creates the scan configuration, it stores this new inspection template in the global region.

Option 2: Use an existing inspection template

Choose this option if you have existing inspection templates that you want to use.

1. Click Select existing inspection template.

2. Enter the full resource name of the inspection template that you want to use. The Region field is autopopulated with the name of the region where your inspection template is stored.

   The inspection template you enter must be in the same region as the data to be profiled. To respect data residency, Sensitive Data Protection doesn't use an inspection template outside its own region.

   To find the full resource name of an inspection template, follow these steps:

   1. Go to your inspection templates list. This page opens on a separate tab.

      Go to inspection templates

   2. Switch to the project that contains the inspection template that you want to use.

   3. On the Templates tab, click the template ID of the template that you want to use.

   4. On the page that opens, copy the full resource name of the template. The full resource name follows this format:

      projects/PROJECT_ID/locations/REGION/inspectTemplates/TEMPLATE_ID

   5. On the Create scan configuration page, in the Template name field, paste the full resource name of the template.

3. If you have data in another region, and you have an inspection template that you want to use for that region, follow these steps:

   1. Click Add inspection template.
   2. Enter the inspection template's full resource name.

   Repeat these steps for each region where you have a dedicated inspection template.

4. Optional: Add an inspection template that's stored in the global region. Sensitive Data Protection automatically uses that template for data in regions where you don't have a dedicated inspection template.

   Caution: If you don't include an inspection template that's stored in the global region, Sensitive Data Protection can't profile data in regions that don't have a dedicated inspection template. For more information, see Data residency considerations.

Add actions

In the following sections, you specify actions that you want Sensitive Data Protection to take after it generates the data profiles.

For information about how other Google Cloud services may charge you for configuring actions, see Pricing for exporting data profiles.

Publish to Chronicle

Metrics gathered from data profiles can add context to your Chronicle findings. The added context can help you determine the most important security issues to address. For example, if you're investigating a particular service agent in Chronicle, data profiles can provide insight into whether that service agent has access to tables that have high data risk levels.

To send your data profiles to your Chronicle account, turn on Publish to Chronicle.

If Chronicle isn't enabled for your organization, turning on this option has no effect.

Publish to Security Command Center

This action lets you send the calculated data risk and sensitivity levels of table data profiles to Security Command Center.

Security Command Center is Google Cloud's centralized vulnerability and threat reporting service. You can use insights from data profiles when you triage and develop response plans for your vulnerability and threat findings in Security Command Center.

Before you can use this action, Security Command Center must be activated at the organization level. Turning on Security Command Center at the organization level enables the flow of findings from integrated services like Sensitive Data Protection. Sensitive Data Protection works with both Security Command Center Standard and Premium.

If Security Command Center isn't activated at the organization level, Sensitive Data Protection findings won't appear in Security Command Center. For more information, see Check the activation level of Security Command Center.

To send the results of your data profiles to Security Command Center, make sure the Publish to Security Command Center option is turned on.

For more information, see Publish data profiles to Security Command Center.

Save data profile copies to BigQuery

Turning on Save data profile copies to BigQuery lets you keep a saved copy or history of all of your generated profiles. Doing so can be useful for creating audit reports and visualizing data profiles. You can also load this information into other systems.

Also, this option lets you see all of your data profiles in a single view, regardless of which region your data resides in. If you turn off this option, you can still view the data profiles in your dashboard. However, in your dashboard, you select one region at a time, and see only the data profiles for that region.

Note: When Sensitive Data Protection fails to profile a table, it periodically retries. To minimize noise in the exported data, Sensitive Data Protection exports only the successfully generated profiles to BigQuery. It skips the tables that it failed to profile.

To export copies of the data profiles to a BigQuery table, follow these steps:

1. Turn on Save data profile copies to BigQuery.

2. Enter the details of the BigQuery table where you want to save the data profiles:

   • For Project ID, enter the ID of an existing project where you want data profiles to be exported to.

   • For Dataset ID, enter the name of an existing dataset in the project where you want data profiles to be exported to.

   • For Table ID, enter a name for the BigQuery table where data profiles will be exported to. If you haven't created this table, Sensitive Data Protection automatically creates it for you using the name you provide.

Sensitive Data Protection starts exporting profiles from the time you turn on this option. Profiles that were generated before you turned on exporting aren't saved to BigQuery.

Note: Your service agent must have write access on the output table. If you don't have a service agent yet, Sensitive Data Protection lets you create one later in the Create scan configuration page.

Publish to Pub/Sub

Turning on Publish to Pub/Sub lets you take programmatic actions based on profiling results. You can use Pub/Sub notifications to develop a workflow for catching and remediating findings with significant data risk or sensitivity.

To send notifications to a Pub/Sub topic, follow these steps:

1. Turn on Publish to Pub/Sub.

   A list of options appears. Each option describes an event that causes Sensitive Data Protection to send a notification to Pub/Sub.

2. Select the events that should trigger a Pub/Sub notification.

   If you select Send a Pub/Sub notification each time a profile is updated, Sensitive Data Protection sends a notification when there's a change in the following table-level metrics:

   • Data risk
   • Sensitivity
   • Predicted infoTypes
   • Other infoTypes
   • Public
   • Encryption

3. For each event you select, follow these steps:

   1. Enter the name of the topic. The name must be in the following format:

      projects/PROJECT_ID/topics/TOPIC_ID
      

      Replace the following:

      • PROJECT_ID: the ID of the project associated with the Pub/Sub topic.
      • TOPIC_ID: the ID of the Pub/Sub topic.

   2. Specify whether to include the full table profile in the notification, or just the full resource name of the table that was profiled.

   3. Set the minimum data risk and sensitivity levels that must be met for Sensitive Data Protection to send a notification.

   4. Specify whether only one or both of the data risk and sensitivity conditions must be met. For example, if you choose AND, then both the data risk and the sensitivity conditions must be met before Sensitive Data Protection sends a notification.

Note: Your service agent must have publishing access on the Pub/Sub topic. An example of a role that has publishing access is the Pub/Sub Publisher role (roles/pubsub.publisher). If you don't have a service agent yet, Sensitive Data Protection lets you create one later in the Create scan configuration page. If there are configuration or permission issues with the Pub/Sub topic, Sensitive Data Protection retries sending the Pub/Sub notification for up to two weeks. After two weeks, the notification is discarded.

Send to Dataplex as tags

This action lets you create tags in Dataplex based on insights from data profiles. This action is only applied to new and updated profiles. Existing profiles that aren't updated aren't sent to Dataplex.

Dataplex is a Google Cloud service that unifies distributed data and automates data management and governance for that data. When you enable this action, tables that you profile are automatically tagged in Dataplex according to insights gathered from the data profiles. You can then search your organization and projects for tables with specific tag values.

To send the data profiles to Dataplex, make sure that the Send to Dataplex as tags option is turned on.

For more information, see Tag tables in Dataplex based on insights from data profiles.

Manage service agent container and billing

In this section, you specify the project to use as a service agent container. You can have Sensitive Data Protection automatically create a new project, or you can choose an existing project.

• If you don't have a service agent container, select Create a new project as a service agent container.

  Sensitive Data Protection creates a new project named DLP Service Agent Container. The service agent within this project will be used to authenticate to Sensitive Data Protection and other APIs. Sensitive Data Protection prompts you to select the account to bill for all billable operations related to this project, including operations that aren't related to data profiling.

  If you don't have the permissions needed to create projects, this option is disabled. For information on the required permissions, see Roles required to work with data profiles at the organization or folder level.

• If you have an existing service agent container that you want to reuse, select Select an existing service agent container. Then, click Browse to select the service agent container's project ID.

Regardless of whether you're using a newly created service agent or reusing an existing one, make sure it has read access to the data to be profiled.

Set location to store configuration

Click the Resource location list, and select the region where you want to store this scan configuration. All scan configurations that you later create will also be stored in this location.

Where you choose to store your scan configuration doesn't affect the data to be scanned. Also, it doesn't affect where the data profiles are stored. Your data is scanned in the same region where that data is stored. For more information, see Data residency considerations.

Note: If you already have an existing scan configuration, you can't change the value set in this field. All scan configurations are stored in the same location. If you want to change the location of all your scan configurations, you must delete them, recreate them, and store them in the new location.

Review and create

1. If you want to make sure that profiling doesn't start automatically after you create the scan configuration, select Create scan in paused mode.

   This option is useful in the following cases:

   • Your Google Cloud administrator still needs to grant data profiling access to the service agent.
   • You want to create multiple scan configurations and you want some configurations to override others.
   • You opted to save data profiles to BigQuery, and you want to make sure the service agent has write access to your output table.
   • You configured Pub/Sub notifications and you want to grant publishing access to the service agent.

2. Review your settings and click Create.

   Sensitive Data Protection creates the scan configuration and adds it to the discovery scan configurations list.

To view or manage your scan configurations, see Manage scan configurations.

If your service agent has the roles needed to access and profile your data, then Sensitive Data Protection starts scanning your data shortly after you create the scan configuration or resume a paused configuration. Otherwise, Sensitive Data Protection shows an error when you view the scan configuration details.

Note: We regularly improve our detection algorithm. If we find that your organization or project would benefit from a new improvement that we implement, we might automatically regenerate your data profiles and redo the actions in your scan configuration. You won't incur Sensitive Data Protection charges for this operation. However, because we will redo the actions, you might incur charges for your use of other Google Cloud services. For example, if you configured Sensitive Data Protection to save the data profiles to BigQuery, you might incur BigQuery charges.

What's next

• If you don't have the Organization Administrator (roles/resourcemanager.organizationAdmin) or Security Admin (roles/iam.securityAdmin) role, someone with one of those roles must grant data profiling access to your service agent.
• Learn how to estimate the cost of profiling data in an organization or folder.
• Learn how to view the data profiles.
• Learn how to manage scan configurations.
• Learn how to receive and parse Pub/Sub messages published by the data profiler.
• Learn how to troubleshoot issues with data profiles.