Scrittura dei DAG Airflow

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import datetime

from airflow import models

default_dag_args = {
    # The start_date describes when a DAG is valid / can be run. Set this to a
    # fixed point in time rather than dynamically, since it is evaluated every
    # time a DAG is parsed. See:
    # https://airflow.apache.org/faq.html#what-s-the-deal-with-start-date
    "start_date": datetime.datetime(2018, 1, 1),
}

# Define a DAG (directed acyclic graph) of tasks.
# Any task you create within the context manager is automatically added to the
# DAG object.
with models.DAG(
    "composer_sample_simple_greeting",
    schedule_interval=datetime.timedelta(days=1),
    default_args=default_dag_args,
) as dag:

Flusso d'aria 1

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import datetime

from airflow import models

default_dag_args = {
    # The start_date describes when a DAG is valid / can be run. Set this to a
    # fixed point in time rather than dynamically, since it is evaluated every
    # time a DAG is parsed. See:
    # https://airflow.apache.org/faq.html#what-s-the-deal-with-start-date
    "start_date": datetime.datetime(2018, 1, 1),
}

# Define a DAG (directed acyclic graph) of tasks.
# Any task you create within the context manager is automatically added to the
# DAG object.
with models.DAG(
    "composer_sample_simple_greeting",
    schedule_interval=datetime.timedelta(days=1),
    default_args=default_dag_args,
) as dag:

Operatori e attività

Gli operatori descrivono il lavoro da svolgere. Un'attività è un'istanza specifica di un operatore.

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from airflow.operators import bash_operator
from airflow.operators import python_operator

    def greeting():
        import logging

        logging.info("Hello World!")

    # An instance of an operator is called a task. In this case, the
    # hello_python task calls the "greeting" Python function.
    hello_python = python_operator.PythonOperator(
        task_id="hello", python_callable=greeting
    )

    # Likewise, the goodbye_bash task calls a Bash script.
    goodbye_bash = bash_operator.BashOperator(
        task_id="bye", bash_command="echo Goodbye."
    )

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from airflow.operators import bash_operator
from airflow.operators import python_operator

    def greeting():
        import logging

        logging.info("Hello World!")

    # An instance of an operator is called a task. In this case, the
    # hello_python task calls the "greeting" Python function.
    hello_python = python_operator.PythonOperator(
        task_id="hello", python_callable=greeting
    )

    # Likewise, the goodbye_bash task calls a Bash script.
    goodbye_bash = bash_operator.BashOperator(
        task_id="bye", bash_command="echo Goodbye."
    )

Relazioni attività

Le relazioni tra le attività descrivono l'ordine in cui il lavoro deve essere completato.

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# Define the order in which the tasks complete by using the >> and <<
# operators. In this example, hello_python executes before goodbye_bash.
hello_python >> goodbye_bash

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# Define the order in which the tasks complete by using the >> and <<
# operators. In this example, hello_python executes before goodbye_bash.
hello_python >> goodbye_bash

Esempio di flusso di lavoro DAG completo in Python

Il seguente flusso di lavoro è un modello DAG funzionante completo composto da due attività: un'attività hello_python e un'attività goodbye_bash:

Flusso d'aria 2

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import datetime

from airflow import models

from airflow.operators import bash_operator
from airflow.operators import python_operator

default_dag_args = {
    # The start_date describes when a DAG is valid / can be run. Set this to a
    # fixed point in time rather than dynamically, since it is evaluated every
    # time a DAG is parsed. See:
    # https://airflow.apache.org/faq.html#what-s-the-deal-with-start-date
    "start_date": datetime.datetime(2018, 1, 1),
}

# Define a DAG (directed acyclic graph) of tasks.
# Any task you create within the context manager is automatically added to the
# DAG object.
with models.DAG(
    "composer_sample_simple_greeting",
    schedule_interval=datetime.timedelta(days=1),
    default_args=default_dag_args,
) as dag:
    def greeting():
        import logging

        logging.info("Hello World!")

    # An instance of an operator is called a task. In this case, the
    # hello_python task calls the "greeting" Python function.
    hello_python = python_operator.PythonOperator(
        task_id="hello", python_callable=greeting
    )

    # Likewise, the goodbye_bash task calls a Bash script.
    goodbye_bash = bash_operator.BashOperator(
        task_id="bye", bash_command="echo Goodbye."
    )

    # Define the order in which the tasks complete by using the >> and <<
    # operators. In this example, hello_python executes before goodbye_bash.
    hello_python >> goodbye_bash

Flusso d'aria 1

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import datetime

from airflow import models

from airflow.operators import bash_operator
from airflow.operators import python_operator

default_dag_args = {
    # The start_date describes when a DAG is valid / can be run. Set this to a
    # fixed point in time rather than dynamically, since it is evaluated every
    # time a DAG is parsed. See:
    # https://airflow.apache.org/faq.html#what-s-the-deal-with-start-date
    "start_date": datetime.datetime(2018, 1, 1),
}

# Define a DAG (directed acyclic graph) of tasks.
# Any task you create within the context manager is automatically added to the
# DAG object.
with models.DAG(
    "composer_sample_simple_greeting",
    schedule_interval=datetime.timedelta(days=1),
    default_args=default_dag_args,
) as dag:
    def greeting():
        import logging

        logging.info("Hello World!")

    # An instance of an operator is called a task. In this case, the
    # hello_python task calls the "greeting" Python function.
    hello_python = python_operator.PythonOperator(
        task_id="hello", python_callable=greeting
    )

    # Likewise, the goodbye_bash task calls a Bash script.
    goodbye_bash = bash_operator.BashOperator(
        task_id="bye", bash_command="echo Goodbye."
    )

    # Define the order in which the tasks complete by using the >> and <<
    # operators. In this example, hello_python executes before goodbye_bash.
    hello_python >> goodbye_bash

Per ulteriori informazioni sulla definizione dei DAG di Airflow, consulta il tutorial di Airflow e i concetti di Airflow.

Operatori Airflow

I seguenti esempi mostrano alcuni tra gli operatori Airflow più diffusi. Per un riferimento autorevole degli operatori Airflow, consulta gli articoli Riferimento per gli operatori e gli hook e l'Indice provider.

BashOperator

Utilizza BashOperator per eseguire programmi a riga di comando.

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from airflow.operators import bash

    # Create BigQuery output dataset.
    make_bq_dataset = bash.BashOperator(
        task_id="make_bq_dataset",
        # Executing 'bq' command requires Google Cloud SDK which comes
        # preinstalled in Cloud Composer.
        bash_command=f"bq ls {bq_dataset_name} || bq mk {bq_dataset_name}",
    )

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from airflow.operators import bash_operator

    # Create BigQuery output dataset.
    make_bq_dataset = bash_operator.BashOperator(
        task_id="make_bq_dataset",
        # Executing 'bq' command requires Google Cloud SDK which comes
        # preinstalled in Cloud Composer.
        bash_command=f"bq ls {bq_dataset_name} || bq mk {bq_dataset_name}",
    )

Cloud Composer esegue i comandi forniti in uno script Bash su un worker Airflow. Il worker è un container Docker basato su Debian e include diversi pacchetti.

PythonOperator

Utilizza PythonOperator per eseguire codice Python arbitrario.

Cloud Composer esegue il codice Python in un container che include pacchetti per la versione dell'immagine di Cloud Composer utilizzata nel tuo ambiente.

Per installare pacchetti Python aggiuntivi, consulta la pagina relativa all'installazione delle dipendenze Python.

Operatori di Google Cloud

Per eseguire attività che utilizzano i prodotti Google Cloud, utilizza gli operatori di Google Cloud Airflow. Ad esempio, gli operatori di BigQuery eseguono query ed elaborano dati in BigQuery.

Esistono molti altri operatori Airflow per Google Cloud e singoli servizi forniti da Google Cloud. Per l'elenco completo, consulta gli Operatori di Google Cloud.

Flusso d'aria 2

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from airflow.providers.google.cloud.operators import bigquery
from airflow.providers.google.cloud.transfers import bigquery_to_gcs

    bq_recent_questions_query = bigquery.BigQueryInsertJobOperator(
        task_id="bq_recent_questions_query",
        configuration={
            "query": {
                "query": RECENT_QUESTIONS_QUERY,
                "useLegacySql": False,
                "destinationTable": {
                    "projectId": project_id,
                    "datasetId": bq_dataset_name,
                    "tableId": bq_recent_questions_table_id,
                },
            }
        },
        location=location,
    )

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from airflow.contrib.operators import bigquery_operator

    # Query recent StackOverflow questions.
    bq_recent_questions_query = bigquery_operator.BigQueryOperator(
        task_id="bq_recent_questions_query",
        sql="""
        SELECT owner_display_name, title, view_count
        FROM `bigquery-public-data.stackoverflow.posts_questions`
        WHERE creation_date < CAST('{max_date}' AS TIMESTAMP)
            AND creation_date >= CAST('{min_date}' AS TIMESTAMP)
        ORDER BY view_count DESC
        LIMIT 100
        """.format(
            max_date=max_query_date, min_date=min_query_date
        ),
        use_legacy_sql=False,
        destination_dataset_table=bq_recent_questions_table_id,
    )

EmailOperator

Utilizza EmailOperator per inviare email da un DAG. Per inviare email da un ambiente Cloud Composer, devi configurare il tuo ambiente per l'utilizzo di SendGrid.

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from airflow.operators import email

    # Send email confirmation (you will need to set up the email operator
    # See https://cloud.google.com/composer/docs/how-to/managing/creating#notification
    # for more info on configuring the email operator in Cloud Composer)
    email_summary = email.EmailOperator(
        task_id="email_summary",
        to="{{var.value.email}}",
        subject="Sample BigQuery notify data ready",
        html_content="""
        Analyzed Stack Overflow posts data from {min_date} 12AM to {max_date}
        12AM. The most popular question was '{question_title}' with
        {view_count} views. Top 100 questions asked are now available at:
        {export_location}.
        """.format(
            min_date=min_query_date,
            max_date=max_query_date,
            question_title=(
                "{{ ti.xcom_pull(task_ids='bq_read_most_popular', "
                "key='return_value')[0][0] }}"
            ),
            view_count=(
                "{{ ti.xcom_pull(task_ids='bq_read_most_popular', "
                "key='return_value')[0][1] }}"
            ),
            export_location=output_file,
        ),
    )

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from airflow.operators import email_operator

    # Send email confirmation
    email_summary = email_operator.EmailOperator(
        task_id="email_summary",
        to="{{var.value.email}}",
        subject="Sample BigQuery notify data ready",
        html_content="""
        Analyzed Stack Overflow posts data from {min_date} 12AM to {max_date}
        12AM. The most popular question was '{question_title}' with
        {view_count} views. Top 100 questions asked are now available at:
        {export_location}.
        """.format(
            min_date=min_query_date,
            max_date=max_query_date,
            question_title=(
                "{{ ti.xcom_pull(task_ids='bq_read_most_popular', "
                "key='return_value')[0][0] }}"
            ),
            view_count=(
                "{{ ti.xcom_pull(task_ids='bq_read_most_popular', "
                "key='return_value')[0][1] }}"
            ),
            export_location=output_file,
        ),
    )

Notifiche in caso di errore dell'operatore

Imposta email_on_failure su True per inviare una notifica via email in caso di errore di un operatore nel DAG. Per inviare notifiche email da un ambiente Cloud Composer, devi configurare il tuo ambiente per l'utilizzo di SendGrid.

Flusso d'aria 2

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from airflow import models

default_dag_args = {
    "start_date": yesterday,
    # Email whenever an Operator in the DAG fails.
    "email": "{{var.value.email}}",
    "email_on_failure": True,
    "email_on_retry": False,
    "retries": 1,
    "retry_delay": datetime.timedelta(minutes=5),
    "project_id": project_id,
}

with models.DAG(
    "composer_sample_bq_notify",
    schedule_interval=datetime.timedelta(weeks=4),
    default_args=default_dag_args,
) as dag:

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