Triggering DAGs

This page describes how to use Cloud Functions for event-based DAG triggers.

While Airflow is designed to run DAGs on a regular schedule, you can trigger DAGs in response to events, such as a change in a Cloud Storage bucket or a message pushed to Cloud Pub/Sub. To accomplish this, Cloud Composer DAGs can be triggered by Cloud Functions.

The example in this guide runs a DAG every time a change occurs in a Cloud Storage bucket. Object-change metadata are passed into the DAG's config.

Enabling APIs for your project

Enable the Google Cloud Functions and Cloud Identity and Google Identity and Access Management (IAM) APIs.

Enable the APIs

Granting blob signing permissions to the Cloud Functions Service Account

To authenticate to Cloud IAP, grant the Appspot Service Account (used by Cloud Functions) the Service Account Token Creator role on itself. To do this, execute the following command in the gcloud command-line tool or Cloud Shell:

gcloud iam service-accounts add-iam-policy-binding \
your-project-id@appspot.gserviceaccount.com \
--member=serviceAccount:your-project-id@appspot.gserviceaccount.com \
--role=roles/iam.serviceAccountTokenCreator

Creating your function

Create a function with the below index.js and package.json, filling in the first four constants (see Create a Function).

When you have finished, your function should resemble the following.

index.js

/**
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

/**
 * Triggered from a message on a Cloud Storage bucket.
 *
 * IAP authorization based on:
 * https://stackoverflow.com/questions/45787676/how-to-authenticate-google-cloud-functions-for-access-to-secure-app-engine-endpo
 * and
 * https://cloud.google.com/iap/docs/authentication-howto
 *
 * @param {!Object} event The Cloud Functions event.
 * @param {!Function} callback The callback function.
 */
exports.triggerDag = function triggerDag(event, callback) {
  // Fill in your Composer environment information here.

  // The project that holds your function
  const PROJECT_ID = 'your-project-id';
  // Navigate to your webserver's login page and get this from the URL
  const CLIENT_ID = 'your-iap-client-id';
  // This should be part of your webserver's URL:
  // {tenant-project-id}.appspot.com
  const WEBSERVER_ID = 'your-tenant-project-id';
  // The name of the DAG you wish to trigger
  const DAG_NAME = 'gcsResponseDag';

  // Other constants
  const WEBSERVER_URL = 'https://' + WEBSERVER_ID +
      '.appspot.com/api/experimental/dags/' + DAG_NAME + '/dag_runs';
  const USER_AGENT = 'gcf-event-trigger';
  const BODY = {'conf': JSON.stringify(event.data)}

  // Make the request
  authorizeIap(
      CLIENT_ID, PROJECT_ID, USER_AGENT,
      function iapAuthorizationCallback(err, jwt, idToken) {
        if (err) {
          return callback(err);
        }
        makeIapPostRequest(
            WEBSERVER_URL, BODY, idToken, USER_AGENT, jwt, callback);
      })
};

/**
 * @param {string} clientId The client id associated with the Composer webserver application.
 * @param {string} projectId The id for the project containing the Cloud Function.
 * @param {string} userAgent The user agent string which will be provided with the webserver request.
 * @param {!Function} callback A callback accepting error, jwt, and idToken arguments.
 */
function authorizeIap(clientId, projectId, userAgent, callback) {
  const request = require('request');

  const SERVICE_ACCOUNT = [projectId, '@appspot.gserviceaccount.com'].join('');

  var options = {
    url: [
      'http://metadata.google.internal/computeMetadata/v1/instance/service-accounts/',
      SERVICE_ACCOUNT, '/token'
    ].join(''),
    headers: {'User-Agent': userAgent, 'Metadata-Flavor': 'Google'}
  };
  // Obtain an Oauth2 access token for the appspot service account
  request(options, function obtainAccessTokenCallback(err, res, body) {
    if (err) {
      return callback(err);
    }
    if (body.error) {
      return callback(body);
    }
    var tokenResponse = JSON.parse(body);
    var accessToken = tokenResponse.access_token;
    var jwtHeader = new Buffer(JSON.stringify({alg: 'RS256', typ: 'JWT'}))
                        .toString('base64');
    var iat = Math.floor(new Date().getTime() / 1000);
    var claims = {
      iss: SERVICE_ACCOUNT,
      aud: 'https://www.googleapis.com/oauth2/v4/token',
      iat: iat,
      exp: iat + 60,
      target_audience: clientId
    };
    var jwtClaimset = new Buffer(JSON.stringify(claims)).toString('base64');
    var toSign = [jwtHeader, jwtClaimset].join('.');
    var options = {
      url: [
        'https://iam.googleapis.com/v1/projects/', projectId,
        '/serviceAccounts/', SERVICE_ACCOUNT, ':signBlob'
      ].join(''),
      method: 'POST',
      json: {'bytesToSign': new Buffer(toSign).toString('base64')},
      headers: {
        'User-Agent': userAgent,
        'Authorization': ['Bearer', accessToken].join(' ')
      }
    };
    // Request service account signature on header and claimset
    request(options, function signJsonClaimCallback(err, res, body) {
      if (err) {
        return callback(err);
      }
      if (body.error) {
        return callback(body);
      }
      var jwtSignature = body.signature;
      var jwt = [jwtHeader, jwtClaimset, jwtSignature].join('.');
      var options = {
        url: 'https://www.googleapis.com/oauth2/v4/token',
        form: {
          grant_type: 'urn:ietf:params:oauth:grant-type:jwt-bearer',
          assertion: jwt
        }
      };
      // Request oauth id token with jwt header, claims, and signature
      request.post(options, function getIdTokenCallback(err, res, body) {
        if (err) {
          return callback(err);
        }
        if (body.error) {
          return callback(body);
        }
        var idToken = JSON.parse(body).id_token;
        callback(null, jwt, idToken);
      });
    });
  });
}

/**
 * @param {string} url The url that the post request targets.
 * @param {string} body The body of the post request.
 * @param {string} idToken Bearer token used to authorize the iap request.
 * @param {string} userAgent The user agent to identify the requester.
 * @param {string} jwt A Json web token used to authenticate the request.
 * @param {!Function} callback The Cloud Functions callback.
 */
function makeIapPostRequest(url, body, idToken, userAgent, jwt, callback) {
  const request = require('request');

  request.post(
      {
        url: url,
        form: {
          grant_type: 'urn:ietf:params:oauth:grant-type:jwt-bearer',
          assertion: jwt
        }
      },
      function makeIapPostRequestCallback(err, res) {
        if (err) {
          return callback(err);
        }

        var options = {
          url: url,
          headers: {
            'User-Agent': userAgent,
            'Authorization': ['Bearer', idToken].join(' ')
          },
          method: 'POST',
          json: body
        };
        request(options, function(err, res, body) {
          callback(err);
        });
      });
}

Update your package.json with the following dependencies.

package.json

{
  "name": "composer-trigger-dag-example",
  "version": "0.0.1",
  "dependencies": {
    "request": ">=2.83"
  }
}

Setting up your DAG

The following DAG contains a BashOperator which prints object-change metadata. In order for it to run in response to Cloud Functions events, copy it into your environment's DAGs folder (see Manage DAGs).

gcs_response_dag.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
#
"""DAG running in response to a Cloud Storage bucket change."""
import datetime

import airflow
from airflow.operators import bash_operator

default_args = {
    'owner': 'Composer Example',
    'depends_on_past': False,
    'email': [''],
    'email_on_failure': False,
    'email_on_retry': False,
    'retries': 1,
    'retry_delay': datetime.timedelta(minutes=5),
    'start_date': datetime.datetime(2017,1,1),
}

# Not scheduled, trigger only
with airflow.DAG(
    'gcsResponseDag', default_args=default_args, schedule_interval=None) as dag:

  # Prints the dag_run's configuration, which includes information about the
  # Cloud Storage object change.
  print_gcs_info = bash_operator.BashOperator(
      task_id='print_gcs_info', bash_command='echo {{ dag_run.conf }}')

Testing your function

Upload a file to your Cloud Storage bucket. You should see that the DAG has been triggered and information about the Cloud Storage change has been logged by the BashOperator.

What's next

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