Ethereum Mainnet example queries

This page provides Blockchain Analytics query examples for Ethereum Mainnet.

See the BigQuery documentation for instructions on using BigQuery.

View the first and last block indexed

This query tells you how fresh the data is.

In the Google Cloud console, go to the BigQuery page.

The following query is loaded into the Editor field:

SELECT
  MIN(block_number) AS `First block`,
  MAX(block_number) AS `Newest block`,
  COUNT(1) AS `Total number of blocks`
FROM
  bigquery-public-data.goog_blockchain_ethereum_mainnet_us.blocks;

The following shows an example result:

Example result
First block	Newest block	Total number of blocks
0	17665654	17665655

Visualize the number of transactions by day over the last 6 months

This query lists the total number of transactions for each day for the last six months.

In the Google Cloud console, go to the BigQuery page.

Go to BigQuery

The following query is loaded into the Editor field:

SELECT
  TIMESTAMP_TRUNC(block_timestamp, DAY) AS timestamp1, COUNT(1) AS txn_count
FROM
  bigquery-public-data.goog_blockchain_ethereum_mainnet_us.transactions
WHERE
  block_timestamp >= CAST(DATE_SUB(CURRENT_DATE(), INTERVAL 6 MONTH) AS TIMESTAMP)
GROUP BY timestamp1
ORDER BY timestamp1

The following shows an example result:

Example result
timestamp1	txn_count
2023-01-10 00:00:00.000000 UTC	1061055
2023-01-11 00:00:00.000000 UTC	1083178
2023-01-12 00:00:00.000000 UTC	1085563
2023-01-13 00:00:00.000000 UTC	1076328
2023-01-14 00:00:00.000000 UTC	1107804
2023-01-15 00:00:00.000000 UTC	1000777
2023-01-16 00:00:00.000000 UTC	1057284
2023-01-17 00:00:00.000000 UTC	1018353
2023-01-18 00:00:00.000000 UTC	1118225
2023-01-19 00:00:00.000000 UTC	1007125
2023-01-20 00:00:00.000000 UTC	1024504

Daily slot utilization

Count the number of blocks added each calendar day since The Merge. Since then, there are 7200 slots available for blocks, but not every slot is used.

In the Google Cloud console, go to the BigQuery page.

Go to BigQuery

The following query is loaded into the Editor field:

SELECT
  DATE(block_timestamp) AS block_date,
  COUNT(block_number) AS daily_blocks,
  7200 - COUNT(block_number) AS skipped_slots
FROM
  bigquery-public-data.goog_blockchain_ethereum_mainnet_us.blocks
WHERE
  DATE(block_timestamp) BETWEEN DATE("2022-09-16") AND CURRENT_DATE("UTC") - 1 /* Only count complete days after The Merge */
GROUP BY block_date

The following shows an example result:

Example result
block_date	daily_blocks	skipped_slots
2023-06-26	7105	95
2023-06-25	7109	91
2023-06-24	7110	90
2023-06-23	7111	89
2023-06-22	7114	86
2023-06-21	7135	65
2023-06-20	7120	80
2023-06-19	7121	79
2023-06-18	7126	74
2023-06-17	7142	58

Total Staked ETH withdrawal

Lossless example with UDF workaround for UINT256

In the Google Cloud console, go to the BigQuery page.

Go to BigQuery

The following query is loaded into the Editor field:

WITH withdrawals AS (
  SELECT
    w.amount_lossless AS amount,
    DATE(b.block_timestamp) AS block_date
  FROM
    bigquery-public-data.goog_blockchain_ethereum_mainnet_us.blocks AS b
    CROSS JOIN UNNEST(withdrawals) AS w
)
SELECT
  block_date,
  bqutil.fn.bignumber_div(bqutil.fn.bignumber_sum(ARRAY_AGG(amount)), "1000000000") AS eth_withdrawn
FROM
  withdrawals
GROUP BY 1 ORDER BY 1 DESC

Lossy example

In the Google Cloud console, go to the BigQuery page.

Go to BigQuery

The following query is loaded into the Editor field:

WITH withdrawals AS (
  SELECT
    u.amount AS amount
  FROM
    bigquery-public-data.goog_blockchain_ethereum_mainnet_us.blocks
    CROSS JOIN UNNEST(withdrawals) AS u
)
SELECT
  SUM(withdrawals.amount) / POW(10,9) AS total_eth_withdrawn
FROM
  withdrawals

Earned mining transaction fees since EIP-1559

Since EIP-1559, the base fees of transactions are burned and the miners only earn the priority fees. The following query computes the total amount of fees earned by the miners since the London hard fork.

In the Google Cloud console, go to the BigQuery page.

Go to BigQuery

The following query is loaded into the Editor field:

WITH tgas AS (
  SELECT t.block_number, gas_used, effective_gas_price FROM
    bigquery-public-data.goog_blockchain_ethereum_mainnet_us.receipts AS r
    JOIN bigquery-public-data.goog_blockchain_ethereum_mainnet_us.transactions AS t
    ON t.block_number = r.block_number AND t.transaction_hash = r.transaction_hash
)
SELECT
  /* Cast needed to avoid INT64 overflow when doing multiplication. */
  SUM(CAST(tgas.effective_gas_price - b.base_fee_per_gas AS BIGNUMERIC) * tgas.gas_used)
FROM
  bigquery-public-data.goog_blockchain_ethereum_mainnet_us.blocks b JOIN tgas
  ON b.block_number = tgas.block_number
WHERE
  b.block_number >= 12965000 /* The London hard fork. */

The following shows an example result:

Example results
f0_
645681358899882340722378

Skipped Beacon Chain slots

Find the epoch and slot numbers for missing, forked, or otherwise skipped slots since the Beacon Chain upgrade.

In the Google Cloud console, go to the BigQuery page.

Go to BigQuery

The following query is loaded into the Editor field:

CREATE TEMP FUNCTION SlotNumber(slot_time TIMESTAMP) AS (
  (SELECT DIV(TIMESTAMP_DIFF(slot_time, "2020-12-01 12:00:23 UTC", SECOND), 12))
);

CREATE TEMP FUNCTION EpochNumber(slot_time TIMESTAMP) AS (
  (SELECT DIV(SlotNumber(slot_time), 32))
);

/* Beacon Chain slot timestamps. */
WITH slots AS (
  /* Directly generate the first day's slots. */
  SELECT * FROM UNNEST(GENERATE_TIMESTAMP_ARRAY("2020-12-01 12:00:23 UTC", "2020-12-01 23:59:59 UTC", INTERVAL 12 SECOND)) AS slot_time
  UNION ALL
  /* Join dates and times to generate up to yesterday's slots. Attempting this directly overflows the generator functions. */
  SELECT TIMESTAMP(DATETIME(date_part, TIME(time_part))) AS slot_time
  FROM UNNEST(GENERATE_DATE_ARRAY("2020-12-02", CURRENT_DATE("UTC") - 1)) AS date_part
  CROSS JOIN
  UNNEST(GENERATE_TIMESTAMP_ARRAY("1970-01-01 00:00:11 UTC", "1970-01-01 23:59:59 UTC", INTERVAL 12 SECOND)) AS time_part
)
SELECT
  EpochNumber(slot_time) AS epoch,
  SlotNumber(slot_time) AS slot,
  slot_time,
  FORMAT("https://beaconcha.in/slot/%d", SlotNumber(slot_time)) AS beaconchain_url,
FROM
  slots LEFT JOIN bigquery-public-data.goog_blockchain_ethereum_mainnet_us.blocks
  ON slot_time = block_timestamp
WHERE
  block_number IS NULL AND slot_time BETWEEN "2022-09-15 06:42:59 UTC" AND CURRENT_TIMESTAMP()
ORDER BY slot_time DESC;

The following shows an example result:

Example result
epoch	slot	slot_time	beaconchain_url
211159	6757113	2023-06-27 23:42:59 UTC	https://beaconcha.in/slot/6757113
211159	6757088	2023-06-27 23:37:59 UTC	https://beaconcha.in/slot/6757088
211158	6757061	2023-06-27 23:32:35 UTC	https://beaconcha.in/slot/6757061
211145	6756660	2023-06-27 22:12:23 UTC	https://beaconcha.in/slot/6756660
211145	6756642	2023-06-27 22:08:47 UTC	https://beaconcha.in/slot/6756642
211142	6756564	2023-06-27 21:53:11 UTC	https://beaconcha.in/slot/6756564
211136	6756379	2023-06-27 21:16:11 UTC	https://beaconcha.in/slot/6756379
211136	6756374	2023-06-27 21:15:11 UTC	https://beaconcha.in/slot/6756374
211135	6756320	2023-06-27 21:04:23 UTC	https://beaconcha.in/slot/6756320
211132	6756225	2023-06-27 20:45:23 UTC	https://beaconcha.in/slot/6756225

USDC token issuance

Analyze the net issuance of USDC over the first week of March 2023.

In the Google Cloud console, go to the BigQuery page.

Go to BigQuery

The following query is loaded into the Editor field:

CREATE TEMP FUNCTION IFMINT(input STRING, ifTrue ANY TYPE, ifFalse ANY TYPE) AS (
  CASE
    WHEN input LIKE "0x40c10f19%" THEN ifTrue
    ELSE ifFalse
  END
);

CREATE TEMP FUNCTION USD(input FLOAT64) AS (
  CAST(input AS STRING FORMAT "$999,999,999,999")
);

SELECT
  DATE(block_timestamp) AS `Date`,
  USD(SUM(IFMINT(input, 1, -1) * CAST(CONCAT("0x", LTRIM(SUBSTRING(input, IFMINT(input, 75, 11), 64), "0")) AS FLOAT64) / 1000000)) AS `Total Supply Change`,
FROM
  bigquery-public-data.goog_blockchain_ethereum_mainnet_us.transactions
WHERE
  DATE(block_timestamp) BETWEEN "2023-03-01" AND "2023-03-07"
  AND to_address = "0xa0b86991c6218b36c1d19d4a2e9eb0ce3606eb48" -- USDC Coin Token
  AND (
    input LIKE "0x42966c68%" -- Burn
    OR input LIKE "0x40c10f19%" -- Mint
  )
GROUP BY `Date`
ORDER BY `Date` DESC;

The following shows an example result:

Example result
Date	Total Supply Change
2023-03-07	-$257,914,457
2023-03-06	-$223,014,422
2023-03-05	$200,060,388
2023-03-04	$234,929,175
2023-03-03	$463,882,301
2023-03-02	$631,198,459
2023-03-01	$172,338,818

Top 10 USDC Account Balances

Analyze the current top holders of USDC tokens.

In the Google Cloud console, go to the BigQuery page.

Go to BigQuery

The following query is loaded into the Editor field:

WITH Transfers AS (
  SELECT address token, to_address account, 0 _out, CAST(quantity AS BIGNUMERIC) _in
  FROM `bigquery-public-data.goog_blockchain_ethereum_mainnet_us.token_transfers`

  UNION ALL

  SELECT address token, from_address account, CAST(quantity AS BIGNUMERIC) _out, 0 _in
  FROM `bigquery-public-data.goog_blockchain_ethereum_mainnet_us.token_transfers`
)

/* Top 10 Holders of USDC */
SELECT account, (SUM(_in) - SUM(_out)) / 1000000 balance
FROM Transfers
WHERE token = '0xa0b86991c6218b36c1d19d4a2e9eb0ce3606eb48'
GROUP BY account
ORDER BY balance DESC
LIMIT 10;

The following shows an example result:

Example result
account	balance
0xcee284f754e854890e311e3280b767f80797180d	934249404.099105
0x40ec5b33f54e0e8a33a975908c5ba1c14e5bbbdf	608860969.753471
0x47ac0fb4f2d84898e4d9e7b4dab3c24507a6d503	422999999.84
0x0a59649758aa4d66e25f08dd01271e891fe52199	382469988.743467
0xd54f502e184b6b739d7d27a6410a67dc462d69c8	335866305.446392
0x99c9fc46f92e8a1c0dec1b1747d010903e884be1	300569267.063296
0xda9ce944a37d218c3302f6b82a094844c6eceb17	231000000
0x51edf02152ebfb338e03e30d65c15fbf06cc9ecc	230000000.000002
0x7713974908be4bed47172370115e8b1219f4a5f0	218307714.860457
0x78605df79524164911c144801f41e9811b7db73d	211737271.4

Top 5 most active traders of BAYC tokens

Analyze which EOAs have transferred the most Bored Ape NFTs.

In the Google Cloud console, go to the BigQuery page.

Go to BigQuery

The following query is loaded into the Editor field:

WITH Transfers AS (
  SELECT address AS token, to_address AS account, COUNT(*) transfer_count
  FROM `bigquery-public-data.goog_blockchain_ethereum_mainnet_us.token_transfers`
  GROUP BY token, account

  UNION ALL

  SELECT address AS token, from_address AS account, COUNT(*) transfer_count
  FROM `bigquery-public-data.goog_blockchain_ethereum_mainnet_us.token_transfers`
  WHERE from_address != '0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000'
  GROUP BY token, account
)

SELECT account, SUM(transfer_count) quantity
FROM Transfers LEFT JOIN `bigquery-public-data.goog_blockchain_ethereum_mainnet_us.accounts` ON account = address
WHERE NOT is_contract AND token = '0xbc4ca0eda7647a8ab7c2061c2e118a18a936f13d' /* BAYC */
GROUP BY account
ORDER BY quantity DESC
LIMIT 5;

The following shows an example result:

Example result
account	quantity
0xed2ab4948ba6a909a7751dec4f34f303eb8c7236	6036
0x020ca66c30bec2c4fe3861a94e4db4a498a35872	2536
0xd387a6e4e84a6c86bd90c158c6028a58cc8ac459	2506
0x8ae57a027c63fca8070d1bf38622321de8004c67	2162
0x721931508df2764fd4f70c53da646cb8aed16ace	968

Average daily price of WETH in USDC on Uniswap

View the average daily swap price in the Uniswap USDC/WETH 0.05% fee pool.

In the Google Cloud console, go to the BigQuery page.

Go to BigQuery

The following query is loaded into the Editor field:

With Swaps AS (
  SELECT block_timestamp, transaction_hash,
    STRING(args[0]) sender,
    STRING(args[1]) recipient,
    SAFE_CAST(STRING(args[2]) AS BIGNUMERIC) amount0, /* USDC amount */
    SAFE_CAST(STRING(args[3]) AS BIGNUMERIC) amount1, /* WETH amount */
    SAFE_CAST(STRING(args[4]) AS BIGNUMERIC) sqrtPriceX96,
    CAST(STRING(args[5]) AS BIGNUMERIC) liquidity,
    CAST(STRING(args[6]) AS INT64) tick
  FROM `bigquery-public-data.blockchain_analytics_ethereum_mainnet_us.decoded_events`
  WHERE event_signature = 'Swap(address,address,int256,int256,uint160,uint128,int24)' /* Uniswap v3 Swaps */
  AND address = '0x88e6a0c2ddd26feeb64f039a2c41296fcb3f5640' /* USDC/ETH 0.05% Pool */
),
EtherUSDC AS (
  SELECT block_timestamp,
    ABS(amount0) / 1000000 usdc_amount, /* USDC uses 6 decimals */
    ABS(amount1) / 1000000000000000000 eth_amount, /* WETH uses 18 decimals */
    ABS(SAFE_DIVIDE(amount0, amount1)) * 1000000000000 usd_eth /* USDC/ETH has 12 decimal difference */
  FROM Swaps
)

SELECT EXTRACT(DATE FROM block_timestamp) `date`, CAST(AVG(usd_eth) AS STRING FORMAT '$9,999.00') `avg_price`, COUNT(*) `swap_count`
FROM EtherUSDC
WHERE usdc_amount >= 1.00 /* Ignore miniscule swaps */
GROUP BY `date`
ORDER BY `date` DESC

The following shows an example result:

Example result
date	avg_price	swap_count
2023-10-03	$1,658.24	3819
2023-10-02	$1,704.98	5136
2023-10-01	$1,689.63	3723
2023-09-30	$1,675.90	2988
2023-09-29	$1,665.99	4173