Supported frameworks list

This page lists the supported frameworks and their constituent packages for the following services:

For an in-depth explanation of the framework support policy, see Vertex AI framework support policy.

Supported frameworks for custom training

Vertex AI uses container images to configure cloud resources to service your training requests. The following versions are supported for custom training prebuilt containers:

TensorFlow

ML framework version Supported accelerators (and CUDA version, if applicable) End of patch and support date End of availability Supported images
2.15 (Python 3.10) TPU only Oct 23, 2024 Oct 23, 2025
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-tpu.2-15.cp310:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-tpu.2-15.cp310:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-tpu.2-15.cp310:latest
2.14 (Python 3.10) CPU only Sep 26, 2024 Sep 26, 2025
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-cpu.2-14.py310:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-cpu.2-14.py310:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-cpu.2-14.py310:latest
2.14 (Python 3.10) GPU (CUDA 11.x) Sep 26, 2024 Sep 26, 2025
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-gpu.2-14.py310:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-gpu.2-14.py310:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-gpu.2-14.py310:latest
2.13 (Python 3.10) CPU only Jul 5, 2024 Jul 5, 2025
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-cpu.2-13.py310:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-cpu.2-13.py310:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-cpu.2-13.py310:latest
2.13 (Python 3.10) GPU (CUDA 11.x) Jul 5, 2024 Jul 5, 2025
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-gpu.2-13.py310:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-gpu.2-13.py310:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-gpu.2-13.py310:latest
2.12 (Python 3.10) CPU only Jun 30, 2024 Jun 30, 2025
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-cpu.2-12.py310:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-cpu.2-12.py310:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-cpu.2-12.py310:latest
2.12 (Python 3.10) GPU (CUDA 11.x) Jun 30, 2024 Jun 30, 2025
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-gpu.2-12.py310:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-gpu.2-12.py310:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-gpu.2-12.py310:latest
2.12 (Python 3.8) TPU only Jun 30, 2024 Jun 30, 2025
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-tpu.2-12:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-tpu.2-12:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-tpu.2-12:latest
2.11 (Python 3.10) CPU only Nov 15, 2023 Nov 15, 2024
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-cpu.2-11.py310:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-cpu.2-11.py310:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-cpu.2-11.py310:latest
2.11 (Python 3.10) GPU (CUDA 11.x) Nov 15, 2023 Nov 15, 2024
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-gpu.2-11.py310:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-gpu.2-11.py310:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-gpu.2-11.py310:latest
2.11 (Python 3.7) CPU only Nov 15, 2023 Nov 15, 2024
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-cpu.2-11:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-cpu.2-11:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-cpu.2-11:latest
2.11 (Python 3.7) GPU (CUDA 11.x) Nov 15, 2023 Nov 15, 2024
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-gpu.2-11:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-gpu.2-11:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-gpu.2-11:latest
2.9 (Python 3.10) CPU only Nov 15, 2023 Nov 15, 2024
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-cpu.2-9.py310:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-cpu.2-9.py310:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-cpu.2-9.py310:latest
2.9 (Python 3.10) GPU (CUDA 11.x) Nov 15, 2023 Nov 15, 2024
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-gpu.2-9.py310:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-gpu.2-9.py310:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-gpu.2-9.py310:latest
2.9 (Python 3.7) CPU only Nov 15, 2023 Nov 15, 2024
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-cpu.2-9:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-cpu.2-9:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-cpu.2-9:latest
2.9 (Python 3.7) GPU (CUDA 11.x) Nov 15, 2023 Nov 15, 2024
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-gpu.2-9:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-gpu.2-9:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-gpu.2-9:latest
2.8 (Python 3.10) CPU only Nov 15, 2023 Nov 15, 2024
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-cpu.2-8.py310:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-cpu.2-8.py310:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-cpu.2-8.py310:latest
2.8 (Python 3.10) GPU (CUDA 11.x) Nov 15, 2023 Nov 15, 2024
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-gpu.2-8.py310:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-gpu.2-8.py310:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-gpu.2-8.py310:latest
2.8 (Python 3.7) CPU only Nov 15, 2023 Nov 15, 2024
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-cpu.2-8:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-cpu.2-8:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-cpu.2-8:latest
2.8 (Python 3.7) GPU (CUDA 11.x) Nov 15, 2023 Nov 15, 2024
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-gpu.2-8:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-gpu.2-8:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-gpu.2-8:latest
2.7 (Python 3.7) CPU only Sep 1, 2023 Sep 1, 2024
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-cpu.2-7:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-cpu.2-7:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-cpu.2-7:latest
2.7 (Python 3.7) GPU (CUDA 11.x) Sep 1, 2023 Sep 1, 2024
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-gpu.2-7:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-gpu.2-7:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-gpu.2-7:latest
2.6 (Python 3.7) CPU only Sep 1, 2023 Sep 1, 2024
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-cpu.2-6:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-cpu.2-6:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-cpu.2-6:latest
2.6 (Python 3.7) GPU (CUDA 11.x) Sep 1, 2023 Sep 1, 2024
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-gpu.2-6:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-gpu.2-6:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-gpu.2-6:latest
2.5 (Python 3.7) CPU only Sep 1, 2023 Sep 1, 2024
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-cpu.2-5:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-cpu.2-5:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-cpu.2-5:latest
2.5 (Python 3.7) GPU (CUDA 11.x) Sep 1, 2023 Sep 1, 2024
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-gpu.2-5:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-gpu.2-5:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-gpu.2-5:latest
2.4 (Python 3.7) CPU only Sep 1, 2023 Sep 1, 2024
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-cpu.2-4:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-cpu.2-4:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-cpu.2-4:latest
2.4 (Python 3.7) GPU (CUDA 11.x) Sep 1, 2023 Sep 1, 2024
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-gpu.2-4:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-gpu.2-4:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-gpu.2-4:latest
2.3 (Python 3.7) CPU only Sep 1, 2023 Sep 1, 2024
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-cpu.2-3:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-cpu.2-3:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-cpu.2-3:latest
2.3 (Python 3.7) GPU (CUDA 11.x) Sep 1, 2023 Sep 1, 2024
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-gpu.2-3:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-gpu.2-3:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-gpu.2-3:latest
2.2 (Python 3.7) CPU only Sep 1, 2023 Sep 1, 2024
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-cpu.2-2:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-cpu.2-2:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-cpu.2-2:latest
2.2 (Python 3.7) GPU (CUDA 11.x) Sep 1, 2023 Sep 1, 2024
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-gpu.2-2:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-gpu.2-2:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-gpu.2-2:latest
2.1 (Python 3.7) CPU only Sep 1, 2023 Sep 1, 2024
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-cpu.2-1:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-cpu.2-1:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-cpu.2-1:latest
2.1 (Python 3.7) GPU (CUDA 11.x) Sep 1, 2023 Sep 1, 2024
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-gpu.2-1:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-gpu.2-1:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-gpu.2-1:latest
1.15 (Python 3.7) CPU only Sep 1, 2023 Sep 1, 2024
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-cpu.1-15:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-cpu.1-15:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-cpu.1-15:latest
1.15 (Python 3.7) GPU (CUDA 11.x) Sep 1, 2023 Sep 1, 2024
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-gpu.1-15:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-gpu.1-15:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/tf-gpu.1-15:latest

PyTorch

ML framework version Supported accelerators (and CUDA version, if applicable) End of patch and support date End of availability Supported images
2.3 (Python 3.10) CPU only Apr 24, 2025 Apr 24, 2026
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-xla.2-3.py310:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-xla.2-3.py310:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-xla.2-3.py310:latest
2.3 (Python 3.10) GPU only (CUDA 12.x) Apr 24, 2025 Apr 24, 2026
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-gpu.2-3.py310:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-gpu.2-3.py310:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-gpu.2-3.py310:latest
2.2 (Python 3.10) CPU only Jan 30, 2025 Oct 23, 2026
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-xla.2-2.py310:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-xla.2-2.py310:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-xla.2-2.py310:latest
2.2 (Python 3.10) GPU only (CUDA 12.x) Jan 30, 2025 Jan 30, 2026
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-gpu.2-2.py310:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-gpu.2-2.py310:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-gpu.2-2.py310:latest
2.1 (Python 3.10) CPU only Oct 4, 2024 Oct 4, 2025
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-xla.2-1.py310:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-xla.2-1.py310:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-xla.2-1.py310:latest
2.1 (Python 3.10) GPU only (CUDA 12.x) Oct 4, 2024 Oct 4, 2025
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-gpu.2-1.py310:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-gpu.2-1.py310:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-gpu.2-1.py310:latest
2.1 (Python 3.8) TPU only Oct 23, 2024 Oct 23, 2025
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-tpu.2-1.cp310:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-tpu.2-1.cp310:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-tpu.2-1.cp310:latest
2.0 (Python 3.10) CPU only Mar 15, 2024 Mar 15, 2025
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-xla.2-0.py310:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-xla.2-0.py310:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-xla.2-0.py310:latest
2.0 (Python 3.10) GPU only (CUDA 11.x) Mar 15, 2024 Mar 15, 2025
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-gpu.2-0.py310:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-gpu.2-0.py310:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-gpu.2-0.py310:latest
2.0 (Python 3.8) TPU only May 15, 2024 May 15, 2025
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-tpu.2-0:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-tpu.2-0:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-tpu.2-0:latest
1.13 (Python 3.10) CPU or GPU (CUDA 11.x) May 15, 2024 May 15, 2025
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-gpu.1-13.py310:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-gpu.1-13.py310:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-gpu.1-13.py310:latest
1.13 (Python 3.7) CPU or GPU (CUDA 11.x) Dec 8, 2023 Dec 8, 2024
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-gpu.1-13:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-gpu.1-13:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-gpu.1-13:latest
1.12 (Python 3.10) CPU or GPU (CUDA 11.x) May 15, 2024 May 15, 2025
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-gpu.1-12.py310:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-gpu.1-12.py310:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-gpu.1-12.py310:latest
1.12 (Python 3.7) CPU or GPU (CUDA 11.x) Sep 1, 2023 Sep 1, 2024
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-gpu.1-12:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-gpu.1-12:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-gpu.1-12:latest
1.11 (Python 3.7) CPU only Sep 1, 2023 Sep 1, 2024
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-xla.1-11:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-xla.1-11:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-xla.1-11:latest
1.11 (Python 3.7) GPU (CUDA 11.x) Sep 1, 2023 Sep 1, 2024
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-gpu.1-11:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-gpu.1-11:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-gpu.1-11:latest
1.10 (Python 3.7) CPU only Sep 1, 2023 Sep 1, 2024
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-xla.1-10:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-xla.1-10:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-xla.1-10:latest
1.10 (Python 3.7) GPU (CUDA 11.x) Sep 1, 2023 Sep 1, 2024
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-gpu.1-10:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-gpu.1-10:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-gpu.1-10:latest
1.9 (Python 3.7) CPU only Sep 1, 2023 Sep 1, 2024
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-xla.1-9:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-xla.1-9:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-xla.1-9:latest
1.9 (Python 3.7) GPU (CUDA 11.x) Sep 1, 2023 Sep 1, 2024
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-gpu.1-9:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-gpu.1-9:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-gpu.1-9:latest
1.7 (Python 3.7) CPU only Sep 1, 2023 Sep 1, 2024
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-xla.1-7:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-xla.1-7:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-xla.1-7:latest
1.7 (Python 3.7) GPU (CUDA 11.x) Sep 1, 2023 Sep 1, 2024
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-gpu.1-7:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-gpu.1-7:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-gpu.1-7:latest
1.6 (Python 3.7) CPU only Sep 1, 2023 Sep 1, 2024
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-xla.1-6:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-xla.1-6:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-xla.1-6:latest
1.6 (Python 3.7) GPU (CUDA 11.x) Sep 1, 2023 Sep 1, 2024
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-gpu.1-6:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-gpu.1-6:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-gpu.1-6:latest
1.4 (Python 3.7) CPU only Sep 1, 2023 Sep 1, 2024
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-cpu.1-4:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-cpu.1-4:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-cpu.1-4:latest
1.4 (Python 3.7) GPU (CUDA 11.x) Sep 1, 2023 Sep 1, 2024
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-gpu.1-4:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-gpu.1-4:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/pytorch-gpu.1-4:latest

scikit-learn

ML framework version Supported accelerators (and CUDA version, if applicable) End of patch and support date End of availability Supported images
1.0 (Python 3.10) CPU only June 30, 2024 June 30, 2025
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/sklearn-cpu.1-0:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/sklearn-cpu.1-0:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/sklearn-cpu.1-0:latest
1.0 (Python 3.10) GPU (CUDA 11.x) June 30, 2024 June 30, 2025
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/sklearn-gpu.1-0:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/sklearn-gpu.1-0:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/sklearn-gpu.1-0:latest
0.23 (Python 3.7) CPU only Sep 1, 2023 Sep 1, 2024
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/scikit-learn-cpu.0-23:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/scikit-learn-cpu.0-23:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/scikit-learn-cpu.0-23:latest

XGBoost

ML framework version Supported accelerators (and CUDA version, if applicable) End of patch and support date End of availability Supported images
1.6 (Python 3.10) CPU only June 30, 2024 June 30, 2025
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/xgboost-cpu.1-6:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/xgboost-cpu.1-6:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/xgboost-cpu.1-6:latest
1.6 (Python 3.10) GPU (CUDA 11.x) June 30, 2024 June 30, 2025
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/xgboost-gpu.1-6:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/xgboost-gpu.1-6:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/xgboost-gpu.1-6:latest
1.1 (Python 3.7) CPU only Nov 15, 2023 Nov 15, 2024
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/xgboost-cpu.1-1:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/xgboost-cpu.1-1:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/xgboost-cpu.1-1:latest

Supported frameworks for predictions and explanations

Vertex AI uses container images to configure cloud resources to service your prediction requests. The following versions are supported for prebuilt containers for predictions and explanations:

TensorFlow

ML framework version Supported accelerators (and CUDA version, if applicable) End of patch and support date End of availability Supported images
2.13 CPU only Nov 28, 2024 Nov 28, 2025
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/tf2-cpu.2-13:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/tf2-cpu.2-13:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/tf2-cpu.2-13:latest
2.13 GPU (CUDA 12.x) Nov 28, 2024 Nov 28, 2025
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/tf2-gpu.2-13:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/tf2-gpu.2-13:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/tf2-gpu.2-13:latest
2.12 CPU only June 30, 2024 June 30, 2025
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/tf2-cpu.2-12:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/tf2-cpu.2-12:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/tf2-cpu.2-12:latest
2.12 GPU (CUDA 11.x) June 30, 2024 June 30, 2025
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/tf2-gpu.2-12:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/tf2-gpu.2-12:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/tf2-gpu.2-12:latest
2.11 CPU only Nov 15, 2023 Nov 15, 2024
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/tf2-cpu.2-11:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/tf2-cpu.2-11:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/tf2-cpu.2-11:latest
2.11 GPU (CUDA 11.x) Nov 15, 2023 Nov 15, 2024
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/tf2-gpu.2-11:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/tf2-gpu.2-11:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/tf2-gpu.2-11:latest
2.10 CPU only Nov 15, 2023 Nov 15, 2024
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/tf2-cpu.2-10:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/tf2-cpu.2-10:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/tf2-cpu.2-10:latest
2.10 GPU (CUDA 11.x) Nov 15, 2023 Nov 15, 2024
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/tf2-gpu.2-10:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/tf2-gpu.2-10:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/tf2-gpu.2-10:latest
2.9 CPU only Nov 15, 2023 Nov 15, 2024
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/tf2-cpu.2-9:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/tf2-cpu.2-9:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/tf2-cpu.2-9:latest
2.9 GPU (CUDA 11.x) Nov 15, 2023 Nov 15, 2024
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/tf2-gpu.2-9:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/tf2-gpu.2-9:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/tf2-gpu.2-9:latest
2.8 CPU only Nov 15, 2023 Nov 15, 2024
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/tf2-cpu.2-8:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/tf2-cpu.2-8:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/tf2-cpu.2-8:latest
2.8 GPU (CUDA 11.x) Nov 15, 2023 Nov 15, 2024
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/tf2-gpu.2-8:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/tf2-gpu.2-8:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/tf2-gpu.2-8:latest
2.7 CPU only Nov 15, 2023 Nov 15, 2024
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/tf2-cpu.2-7:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/tf2-cpu.2-7:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/tf2-cpu.2-7:latest
2.7 GPU (CUDA 11.x) Nov 15, 2023 Nov 15, 2024
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/tf2-gpu.2-7:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/tf2-gpu.2-7:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/tf2-gpu.2-7:latest
2.6 CPU only Nov 15, 2023 Nov 15, 2024
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/tf2-cpu.2-6:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/tf2-cpu.2-6:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/tf2-cpu.2-6:latest
2.6 GPU (CUDA 11.x) Nov 15, 2023 Nov 15, 2024
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/tf2-gpu.2-6:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/tf2-gpu.2-6:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/tf2-gpu.2-6:latest
2.5 CPU only Nov 15, 2023 Nov 15, 2024
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/tf2-cpu.2-5:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/tf2-cpu.2-5:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/tf2-cpu.2-5:latest
2.5 GPU (CUDA 11.x) Nov 15, 2023 Nov 15, 2024
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/tf2-gpu.2-5:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/tf2-gpu.2-5:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/tf2-gpu.2-5:latest
2.4 CPU only Nov 15, 2023 Nov 15, 2024
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/tf2-cpu.2-4:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/tf2-cpu.2-4:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/tf2-cpu.2-4:latest
2.4 GPU (CUDA 11.x) Nov 15, 2023 Nov 15, 2024
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/tf2-gpu.2-4:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/tf2-gpu.2-4:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/tf2-gpu.2-4:latest
2.3 CPU only Nov 15, 2023 Nov 15, 2024
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/tf2-cpu.2-3:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/tf2-cpu.2-3:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/tf2-cpu.2-3:latest
2.3 GPU (CUDA 11.x) Nov 15, 2023 Nov 15, 2024
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/tf2-gpu.2-3:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/tf2-gpu.2-3:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/tf2-gpu.2-3:latest
2.2 CPU only Nov 15, 2023 Nov 15, 2024
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/tf2-cpu.2-2:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/tf2-cpu.2-2:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/tf2-cpu.2-2:latest
2.2 GPU (CUDA 11.x) Nov 15, 2023 Nov 15, 2024
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/tf2-gpu.2-2:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/tf2-gpu.2-2:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/tf2-gpu.2-2:latest
2.1 CPU only Nov 15, 2023 Nov 15, 2024
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/tf2-cpu.2-1:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/tf2-cpu.2-1:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/tf2-cpu.2-1:latest
2.1 GPU (CUDA 11.x) Nov 15, 2023 Nov 15, 2024
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/tf2-gpu.2-2:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/tf2-gpu.2-2:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/tf2-gpu.2-2:latest
1.15 CPU only Nov 15, 2023 Nov 15, 2024
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/tf-cpu.1-15:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/tf-cpu.1-15:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/tf-cpu.1-15:latest
1.15 GPU (CUDA 11.x) Nov 15, 2023 Nov 15, 2024
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/tf-gpu.1-15:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/tf-gpu.1-15:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/tf-gpu.1-15:latest

Optimized TensorFlow runtime

The following container images use the optimized TensorFlow runtime. For more information, see Use the optimized TensorFlow runtime.

ML framework version Supported accelerators (and CUDA version, if applicable) End of patch and support date End of availability Supported images
nightly CPU only Not applicable Not applicable
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai-restricted/prediction/tf_opt-cpu.nightly:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai-restricted/prediction/tf_opt-cpu.nightly:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai-restricted/prediction/tf_opt-cpu.nightly:latest
nightly GPU (CUDA 12.x) Not applicable Not applicable
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai-restricted/prediction/tf_opt-gpu.nightly:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai-restricted/prediction/tf_opt-gpu.nightly:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai-restricted/prediction/tf_opt-gpu.nightly:latest
nightly Cloud TPU Not applicable Not applicable
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai-restricted/prediction/tf_opt-tpu.nightly:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai-restricted/prediction/tf_opt-tpu.nightly:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai-restricted/prediction/tf_opt-tpu.nightly:latest
2.16 CPU only Apr 26, 2024 Apr 26, 2025
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai-restricted/prediction/tf_opt-cpu.2-16:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai-restricted/prediction/tf_opt-cpu.2-16:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai-restricted/prediction/tf_opt-cpu.2-16:latest
2.16 GPU (CUDA 12.x) Apr 26, 2024 Apr 26, 2025
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai-restricted/prediction/tf_opt-gpu.2-16:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai-restricted/prediction/tf_opt-gpu.2-16:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai-restricted/prediction/tf_opt-gpu.2-16:latest
2.16 Cloud TPU Apr 26, 2024 Apr 26, 2025
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai-restricted/prediction/tf_opt-tpu.2-16:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai-restricted/prediction/tf_opt-tpu.2-16:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai-restricted/prediction/tf_opt-tpu.2-16:latest
2.15 CPU only Aug 15, 2024 Aug 15, 2025
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai-restricted/prediction/tf_opt-cpu.2-15:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai-restricted/prediction/tf_opt-cpu.2-15:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai-restricted/prediction/tf_opt-cpu.2-15:latest
2.15 GPU (CUDA 12.x) Aug 15, 2024 Aug 15, 2025
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai-restricted/prediction/tf_opt-gpu.2-15:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai-restricted/prediction/tf_opt-gpu.2-15:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai-restricted/prediction/tf_opt-gpu.2-15:latest
2.15 Cloud TPU Aug 15, 2024 Aug 15, 2025
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai-restricted/prediction/tf_opt-tpu.2-15:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai-restricted/prediction/tf_opt-tpu.2-15:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai-restricted/prediction/tf_opt-tpu.2-15:latest
2.14 CPU only Aug 15, 2024 Aug 15, 2025
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai-restricted/prediction/tf_opt-cpu.2-14:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai-restricted/prediction/tf_opt-cpu.2-14:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai-restricted/prediction/tf_opt-cpu.2-14:latest
2.14 GPU (CUDA 12.x) Aug 15, 2024 Aug 15, 2025
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai-restricted/prediction/tf_opt-gpu.2-14:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai-restricted/prediction/tf_opt-gpu.2-14:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai-restricted/prediction/tf_opt-gpu.2-14:latest
2.13 CPU only Aug 15, 2024 Aug 15, 2025
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai-restricted/prediction/tf_opt-cpu.2-13:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai-restricted/prediction/tf_opt-cpu.2-13:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai-restricted/prediction/tf_opt-cpu.2-13:latest
2.13 GPU (CUDA 11.x) Aug 15, 2024 Aug 15, 2025
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai-restricted/prediction/tf_opt-gpu.2-13:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai-restricted/prediction/tf_opt-gpu.2-13:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai-restricted/prediction/tf_opt-gpu.2-13:latest
2.12 CPU only May 15, 2024 May 15, 2025
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai-restricted/prediction/tf_opt-cpu.2-12:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai-restricted/prediction/tf_opt-cpu.2-12:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai-restricted/prediction/tf_opt-cpu.2-12:latest
2.12 GPU (CUDA 11.x) May 15, 2024 May 15, 2025
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai-restricted/prediction/tf_opt-gpu.2-12:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai-restricted/prediction/tf_opt-gpu.2-12:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai-restricted/prediction/tf_opt-gpu.2-12:latest
2.11 CPU only Nov 15, 2023 Nov 15, 2024
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai-restricted/prediction/tf_opt-cpu.2-11:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai-restricted/prediction/tf_opt-cpu.2-11:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai-restricted/prediction/tf_opt-cpu.2-11:latest
2.11 GPU (CUDA 11.x) Nov 15, 2023 Nov 15, 2024
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai-restricted/prediction/tf_opt-gpu.2-11:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai-restricted/prediction/tf_opt-gpu.2-11:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai-restricted/prediction/tf_opt-gpu.2-11:latest
2.10 CPU only Nov 15, 2023 Nov 15, 2024
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai-restricted/prediction/tf_opt-cpu.2-10:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai-restricted/prediction/tf_opt-cpu.2-10:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai-restricted/prediction/tf_opt-cpu.2-10:latest
2.10 GPU (CUDA 11.x) Nov 15, 2023 Nov 15, 2024
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai-restricted/prediction/tf_opt-gpu.2-10:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai-restricted/prediction/tf_opt-gpu.2-10:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai-restricted/prediction/tf_opt-gpu.2-10:latest
2.9 CPU only Nov 15, 2023 Nov 15, 2024
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai-restricted/prediction/tf_opt-cpu.2-9:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai-restricted/prediction/tf_opt-cpu.2-9:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai-restricted/prediction/tf_opt-cpu.2-9:latest
2.9 GPU (CUDA 11.x) Nov 15, 2023 Nov 15, 2024
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai-restricted/prediction/tf_opt-gpu.2-9:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai-restricted/prediction/tf_opt-gpu.2-9:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai-restricted/prediction/tf_opt-gpu.2-9:latest
2.8 CPU only Nov 15, 2023 Nov 15, 2024
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai-restricted/prediction/tf_opt-cpu.2-8:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai-restricted/prediction/tf_opt-cpu.2-8:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai-restricted/prediction/tf_opt-cpu.2-8:latest
2.8 GPU (CUDA 11.x) Nov 15, 2023 Nov 15, 2024
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai-restricted/prediction/tf_opt-gpu.2-8:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai-restricted/prediction/tf_opt-gpu.2-8:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai-restricted/prediction/tf_opt-gpu.2-8:latest

PyTorch

ML framework version Supported accelerators (and CUDA version, if applicable) End of patch and support date End of availability Supported images
2.1 (Python 3.9) CPU only Dec 01, 2024 Dec 01, 2025
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/pytorch-cpu.2-1:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/pytorch-cpu.2-1:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/pytorch-cpu.2-1:latest
2.1 (Python 3.9) GPU (CUDA 12.x) Dec 01, 2024 Dec 01, 2025
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/pytorch-gpu.2-1:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/pytorch-gpu.2-1:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/pytorch-gpu.2-1:latest
2.1 (Python 3.9) Cloud TPU Dec 01, 2024 Dec 01, 2025
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/pytorch-tpu.2-1:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/pytorch-tpu.2-1:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/pytorch-tpu.2-1:latest
2.0 (Python 3.9) CPU only Jul 27, 2024 Jul 27, 2025
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/pytorch-cpu.2-0:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/pytorch-cpu.2-0:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/pytorch-cpu.2-0:latest
2.0 (Python 3.9) GPU (CUDA 11.x) Jul 27, 2024 Jul 27, 2025
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/pytorch-gpu.2-0:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/pytorch-gpu.2-0:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/pytorch-gpu.2-0:latest
1.13 (Python 3.8) CPU only May 15, 2024 May 15, 2025
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/pytorch-cpu.1-13:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/pytorch-cpu.1-13:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/pytorch-cpu.1-13:latest
1.13 (Python 3.8) GPU (CUDA 11.x) May 15, 2024 May 15, 2025
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/pytorch-gpu.1-13:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/pytorch-gpu.1-13:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/pytorch-gpu.1-13:latest
1.12 CPU only May 15, 2024 May 15, 2025
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/pytorch-cpu.1-12:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/pytorch-cpu.1-12:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/pytorch-cpu.1-12:latest
1.12 GPU (CUDA 11.x) May 15, 2024 May 15, 2025
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/pytorch-gpu.1-12:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/pytorch-gpu.1-12:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/pytorch-gpu.1-12:latest
1.11 CPU only May 15, 2024 May 15, 2025
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/pytorch-cpu.1-11:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/pytorch-cpu.1-11:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/pytorch-cpu.1-11:latest
1.11 GPU (CUDA 11.x) May 15, 2024 May 15, 2025
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/pytorch-gpu.1-11:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/pytorch-gpu.1-11:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/pytorch-gpu.1-11:latest

scikit-learn

ML framework version Supported accelerators (and CUDA version, if applicable) End of patch and support date End of availability Supported images
1.3 (Python 3.10) CPU only Nov 28, 2024 Nov 28, 2025
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/sklearn-cpu.1-3:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/sklearn-cpu.1-3:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/sklearn-cpu.1-3:latest
1.2 (Python 3.10) CPU only June 30, 2024 June 30, 2025
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/sklearn-cpu.1-2:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/sklearn-cpu.1-2:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/sklearn-cpu.1-2:latest
1.0 CPU only Nov 15, 2023 Nov 15, 2024
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/sklearn-cpu.1-0:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/sklearn-cpu.1-0:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/sklearn-cpu.1-0:latest
0.24 CPU only Nov 15, 2023 Nov 15, 2024
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/sklearn-cpu.0-24:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/sklearn-cpu.0-24:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/sklearn-cpu.0-24:latest
0.23 CPU only Nov 15, 2023 Nov 15, 2024
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/sklearn-cpu.0-23:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/sklearn-cpu.0-23:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/sklearn-cpu.0-23:latest
0.22 CPU only Nov 15, 2023 Nov 15, 2024
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/sklearn-cpu.0-22:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/sklearn-cpu.0-22:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/sklearn-cpu.0-22:latest
0.20 CPU only Nov 15, 2023 Nov 15, 2024
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/sklearn-cpu.0-20:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/sklearn-cpu.0-20:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/sklearn-cpu.0-20:latest

XGBoost

ML framework version Supported accelerators (and CUDA version, if applicable) End of patch and support date End of availability Supported images
1.7 (Python 3.10) CPU only June 30, 2024 June 30, 2025
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/xgboost-cpu.1-7:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/xgboost-cpu.1-7:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/xgboost-cpu.1-7:latest
1.6 CPU only Nov 15, 2023 Nov 15, 2024
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/xgboost-cpu.1-6:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/xgboost-cpu.1-6:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/xgboost-cpu.1-6:latest
1.5 CPU only Nov 15, 2023 Nov 15, 2024
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/xgboost-cpu.1-5:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/xgboost-cpu.1-5:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/xgboost-cpu.1-5:latest
1.4 CPU only Nov 15, 2023 Nov 15, 2024
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/xgboost-cpu.1-4:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/xgboost-cpu.1-4:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/xgboost-cpu.1-4:latest
1.3 CPU only Nov 15, 2023 Nov 15, 2024
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/xgboost-cpu.1-3:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/xgboost-cpu.1-3:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/xgboost-cpu.1-3:latest
1.2 CPU only Nov 15, 2023 Nov 15, 2024
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/xgboost-cpu.1-2:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/xgboost-cpu.1-2:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/xgboost-cpu.1-2:latest
1.1 CPU only Nov 15, 2023 Nov 15, 2024
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/xgboost-cpu.1-1:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/xgboost-cpu.1-1:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/xgboost-cpu.1-1:latest
0.90 CPU only Nov 15, 2023 Nov 15, 2024
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/xgboost-cpu.0-90:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/xgboost-cpu.0-90:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/xgboost-cpu.0-90:latest
0.82 CPU only Nov 15, 2023 Nov 15, 2024
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/xgboost-cpu.0-82:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/xgboost-cpu.0-82:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/prediction/xgboost-cpu.0-82:latest

Supported versions of Ray on Vertex AI

Ray on Vertex AI container images are available. The following versions of prebuilt containers are supported:

Ray version Supported accelerators (and CUDA version, if applicable) End of patch and support date End of availability Supported images
2.33.0 (Python 3.10) CPU only September 16, 2025 September 16, 2026
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/ray-cpu.2-33.py310:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/ray-cpu.2-33.py310:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/ray-cpu.2-33.py310:latest
2.33.0 (Python 3.10) GPU (CUDA 11.x) September 16, 2025 September 16, 2026
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/ray-gpu.2-33.py310:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/ray-gpu.2-33.py310:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/ray-gpu.2-33.py310:latest
2.9.3 (Python 3.10) CPU only May 7, 2025 May 7, 2026
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/ray-cpu.2-9.py310:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/ray-cpu.2-9.py310:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/ray-cpu.2-9.py310:latest
2.9.3 (Python 3.10) GPU (CUDA 11.x) May 7, 2025 May 7, 2026
  • us-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/ray-gpu.2-9.py310:latest
  • europe-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/ray-gpu.2-9.py310:latest
  • asia-docker.pkg.dev/vertex-ai/training/ray-gpu.2-9.py310:latest

Supported frameworks for pipelines

Vertex AI Pipelines supports the following ML framework SDK versions:

Since these frameworks are periodically updated to patch bugs and vulnerabilities, it's recommended that you always use the latest patch version and stay within the end of support date. Customer support is not provided if a version is beyond the end of support date. For more information, see Vertex AI framework support policy.

In general, follow these guidelines while using pipeline templates:

  • Stay up-to-date with the latest patch version of the ML framework.

  • Upgrade new and existing pipeline templates to the latest minor version of the ML framework at least once every 12 months.

  • When a new major version of an ML framework is made available, migrate new and existing pipeline templates to the new major version within 24 months.

Kubeflow Pipelines SDK

KFP is the most commonly used framework for authoring and orchestrating pipelines in Vertex AI Pipelines. Vertex AI Pipelines can execute pipeline definitions compiled using KFP into the pipeline_spec Intermediate Representation (IR YAML format) v2.0 or later.

Vertex AI Pipelines supports the following versions of the KFP SDK:

Framework Release date End of support date
KFP SDK 2 Jun 20, 2023 Not applicable
KFP SDK 1.8 Sep 3, 2021 Dec 20, 2024

The latest version of the KFP SDK will drop support for end-of-life Python versions on the day they are declared end-of-life. The only exception to this is Python 3.7, for which support will be dropped on April 23, 2024.

TensorFlow Extended (TFX) SDK

TensorFlow releases a new minor version of the TensorFlow Extended (TFX) SDK about every quarter. You can still run pipelines compiled from older versions of the SDK, but only the latest minor version of the SDK receives patches. Therefore, we recommend you keep up-to-date with the latest minor version.

Framework Release date End of support date
TensorFlow Extended SDK 1.15 April 29, 2024 April 29, 2025
TensorFlow Extended SDK 1.14 September 6, 2023 September 6, 2024
TensorFlow Extended SDK 1.13 May 3, 2023 May 3, 2024
TensorFlow Extended SDK 1.12 Dec 19, 2022 Dec 19, 2023
TensorFlow Extended SDK 1.11 Nov 23, 2022 Nov 23, 2023
TensorFlow Extended SDK 1.10 Oct 4, 2022 Oct 4, 2023
TensorFlow Extended SDK 1.9 Jul 15, 2022 Jul 15, 2023
TensorFlow Extended SDK 1.8 May 25, 2022 May 25, 2023

Google Cloud Pipeline Components

Vertex AI Pipelines publishes and regularly patches the following Python packages and container images to assist in KFP definitions:

Framework Release date End of patch and support date End of availability date Supported images
Google Cloud Pipeline Components 2 Jun 20, 2023 Not applicable Not applicable gcr.io/ml-pipeline/google-cloud-pipeline-components:latest
Google Cloud Pipeline Components 1 Feb 25, 2022 Dec 20, 2024 Jun 20, 2025 gcr.io/ml-pipeline/google-cloud-pipeline-components:1.0.*

The latest version of the Google Cloud Pipeline Components SDK will drop support for end-of-life Python versions on the day they are declared end-of-life. The only exception to this is Python 3.7, for which support will be dropped on April 23, 2024.

Supported frameworks for Vertex AI Workbench user-managed notebooks

Vertex AI Workbench user-managed notebooks supports the ML framework versions in the following tables. To find a specific VERSION_DATE for an image, see Listing the available versions.

Base versions

ML framework version Current patch version Supported accelerators End of patch and support date End of availability date Image family name
Base-CPU (Python 3.10 / Debian 11) Not applicable (N/A) CPU only Jul 1, 2024 Jul 1, 2025 common-cpu-VERSION_DATE-debian-11
Base-cu122 (Python 3.10) CUDA 12.2 GPU (CUDA 12.2) Jan 8, 2025 Jan 8, 2026 common-cu122-VERSION_DATE-debian-11-py310
Base-cu121 (Python 3.10) CUDA 12.1 GPU (CUDA 12.1) Feb 28, 2024 Feb 28, 2025 common-cu121-VERSION_DATE-debian-11-py310
Base-cu118 (Python 3.10) CUDA 11.8 GPU (CUDA 11.8) Jul 1, 2024 Jul 1, 2025 common-cu118-VERSION_DATE-debian-11-py310
Base-cu113 (Python 3.10) CUDA 11.3 GPU (CUDA 11.3) Jan 1, 2024 Jan 1, 2025 common-cu113-VERSION_DATE-debian-11-py310
Base-cu113 (Python 3.7) CUDA 11.3 GPU (CUDA 11.3) Sep 18, 2023 Sep 18, 2024 common-cu113-VERSION_DATE-py37
Base-cu110 (Python 3.7) CUDA 11.0 GPU (CUDA 11.0) Sep 18, 2023 Sep 18, 2024 common-cu110-VERSION_DATE-py37
Base-CPU (Python 3.7) Not applicable (N/A) CPU only Sep 18, 2023 Sep 18, 2024 common-cpu-VERSION_DATE-debian-10

TensorFlow versions

ML framework version Current patch version Supported accelerators End of patch and support date End of availability date Image family name
2.17 (Python 3.10) 2.17.0 CPU only Jul 11, 2025 Jul 11, 2026 tf-2-17-cpu-VERSION_DATE-py310
2.17 (Python 3.10) 2.17.0 GPU (CUDA 12.3) Jul 11, 2025 Jul 11, 2026 tf-2-17-cu123-VERSION_DATE-py310
2.16 (Python 3.10) 2.16.2 CPU only Jun 28, 2025 Jun 28, 2026 tf-2-16-cpu-VERSION_DATE-py310
2.16 (Python 3.10) 2.16.2 GPU (CUDA 12.3) Jun 28, 2025 Jun 28, 2026 tf-2-16-cu123-VERSION_DATE-py310
2.15 (Python 3.10) 2.15.0 CPU only Nov 14, 2024 Nov 14, 2025 tf-2-15-cpu-VERSION_DATE-py310
2.15 (Python 3.10) 2.15.0 GPU (CUDA 12.1) Nov 14, 2024 Nov 14, 2025 tf-2-15-cu121-VERSION_DATE-py310
2.14 (Python 3.10) 2.14.0 CPU only Sep 26, 2024 Sep 26, 2025 tf-2-14-cpu-VERSION_DATE-py310
2.14 (Python 3.10) 2.14.0 GPU (CUDA 11.8) Sep 26, 2024 Sep 26, 2025 tf-2-14-cu118-VERSION_DATE-py310
2.13 (Python 3.10) 2.13.0 CPU only Jul 5, 2024 Jul 5, 2025 tf-2-13-cpu-VERSION_DATE-py310
2.13 (Python 3.10) 2.13.0 GPU (CUDA 11.8) Jul 5, 2024 Jul 5, 2025 tf-2-13-cu118-VERSION_DATE-py310
2.12 (Python 3.10) 2.12.0 CPU only June 30, 2024 June 30, 2025 tf-2-12-cpu-VERSION_DATE-py310
2.12 (Python 3.10) 2.12.0 GPU (CUDA 11.8) Jan 18, 2024 Jan 18, 2025 tf-2-12-cu113-VERSION_DATE-py310
2.11 (Python 3.10) 2.11.0 CPU only Nov 15, 2023 Nov 15, 2024 tf-2-11-cpu-VERSION_DATE-py310
2.11 (Python 3.10) 2.11.0 GPU (CUDA 11.3) Nov 15, 2023 Nov 15, 2024 tf-2-11-cu113-VERSION_DATE-py310
2.11 2.11.0 CPU only Nov 15, 2023 Nov 15, 2024 tf-2-11-cpu-VERSION_DATE-py37
2.11 2.11.0 GPU (CUDA 11.3) Nov 15, 2023 Nov 15, 2024 tf-2-11-cu113-VERSION_DATE-py37
2.10 2.10.1 CPU only Nov 15, 2023 Nov 15, 2024 tf-2-10-cpu-VERSION_DATE-py37
2.10 2.10.1 GPU (CUDA 11.3) Nov 15, 2023 Nov 15, 2024 tf-2-10-cu113-VERSION_DATE-py37
2.9 2.9.3 CPU only Nov 15, 2023 Nov 15, 2024 tf-2-9-cpu-VERSION_DATE-py37
2.9 2.9.3 GPU (CUDA 11.3) Nov 15, 2023 Nov 15, 2024 tf-2-9-cu113-VERSION_DATE-py37
2.8 2.8.4 CPU only Nov 15, 2023 Nov 15, 2024 tf-2-8-cpu-VERSION_DATE-py37
2.8 2.8.4 GPU (CUDA 11.3) Nov 15, 2023 Nov 15, 2024 tf-2-8-cu113-VERSION_DATE-py37
2.6 (py39) 2.6.5 CPU only Sep 1, 2023 Sep 1, 2024 tf-2-6-cpu-VERSION_DATE-py39
2.6 (py39) 2.6.5 GPU (CUDA 11.3) Sep 1, 2023 Sep 1, 2024 tf-2-6-cu110-VERSION_DATE-py39
2.6 (py37) 2.6.5 CPU only Sep 18, 2023 Sep 18, 2024 tf-2-6-cpu-VERSION_DATE-py37
2.6 (py37) 2.6.5 GPU (CUDA 11.3) Sep 18, 2023 Sep 18, 2024 tf-2-6-cu110-VERSION_DATE-py37
2.3 2.3.4 CPU only Sep 1, 2023 Sep 1, 2024 tf-2-3-cpu
2.3 2.3.4 GPU (CUDA 11.3) Sep 1, 2023 Sep 1, 2024 tf-2-3-cu110-VERSION_DATE

PyTorch versions

ML framework version Current patch version Supported accelerators End of patch and support date End of availability date Image family name
2.2 (Python 3.10) 2.2.0 CUDA 12.1 Jan 30, 2025 Jan 30, 2026 pytorch-2-2-VERSION_DATE-py310
2.1 (Python 3.10) 2.1.0 CUDA 12.1 Oct 4, 2024 Oct 4, 2025 pytorch-2-1-VERSION_DATE-py310
2.0 (Python 3.10) 2.0.0 CUDA 11.8 Mar 15, 2024 Mar 15, 2025 pytorch-2-0-VERSION_DATE-py310
1.13 (Python 3.10) 1.13.1 CUDA 11.3 Dec 8, 2023 Dec 8, 2024 pytorch-1-13-VERSION_DATE-py310
1.13 1.13.1 CUDA 11.3 Dec 8, 2023 Dec 8, 2024 pytorch-1-13-VERSION_DATE-py37
1.12 1.12.1 CUDA 11.3 Sep 1, 2023 Sep 1, 2024 pytorch-1-12-VERSION_DATE-py310

What's next