本页介绍了如何使用 Cloud Key Management Service (Cloud KMS) 创建封装的密钥,之后可以使用该密钥向敏感数据保护的 Cloud Data Loss Prevention API 发出 deidentify
和 reidentify
请求。
使用加密密钥对内容进行去标识化和重标识的过程称为“假名化”(或“令牌化”)。如需了解此过程的概念信息,请参阅假名化。
如需查看演示如何创建封装密钥、对内容进行令牌化和重标识令牌化内容的端到端示例,请参阅快速入门:对敏感文本进行去标识化和重标识。
您可以在 5 至 10 分钟内完成本主题中的步骤,但不包括准备工作步骤。
准备工作
- Sign in to your Google Cloud account. If you're new to Google Cloud, create an account to evaluate how our products perform in real-world scenarios. New customers also get $300 in free credits to run, test, and deploy workloads.
- Install the Google Cloud CLI.
-
To initialize the gcloud CLI, run the following command:
gcloud init
-
Create or select a Google Cloud project.
-
Create a Google Cloud project:
gcloud projects create PROJECT_ID
Replace
PROJECT_ID
with a name for the Google Cloud project you are creating. -
Select the Google Cloud project that you created:
gcloud config set project PROJECT_ID
Replace
PROJECT_ID
with your Google Cloud project name.
-
-
Make sure that billing is enabled for your Google Cloud project.
-
Enable the Sensitive Data Protection and Cloud KMS APIs:
gcloud services enable dlp.googleapis.com
cloudkms.googleapis.com -
Grant roles to your user account. Run the following command once for each of the following IAM roles:
roles/dlp.user
gcloud projects add-iam-policy-binding PROJECT_ID --member="user:USER_IDENTIFIER" --role=ROLE
- Replace
PROJECT_ID
with your project ID. -
Replace
USER_IDENTIFIER
with the identifier for your user account. For example,user:myemail@example.com
. - Replace
ROLE
with each individual role.
- Replace
- Install the Google Cloud CLI.
-
To initialize the gcloud CLI, run the following command:
gcloud init
-
Create or select a Google Cloud project.
-
Create a Google Cloud project:
gcloud projects create PROJECT_ID
Replace
PROJECT_ID
with a name for the Google Cloud project you are creating. -
Select the Google Cloud project that you created:
gcloud config set project PROJECT_ID
Replace
PROJECT_ID
with your Google Cloud project name.
-
-
Make sure that billing is enabled for your Google Cloud project.
-
Enable the Sensitive Data Protection and Cloud KMS APIs:
gcloud services enable dlp.googleapis.com
cloudkms.googleapis.com -
Grant roles to your user account. Run the following command once for each of the following IAM roles:
roles/dlp.user
gcloud projects add-iam-policy-binding PROJECT_ID --member="user:USER_IDENTIFIER" --role=ROLE
- Replace
PROJECT_ID
with your project ID. -
Replace
USER_IDENTIFIER
with the identifier for your user account. For example,user:myemail@example.com
. - Replace
ROLE
with each individual role.
- Replace
第 1 步:创建密钥环和密钥
在开始此步骤之前,请先确定您希望 Sensitive Data Protection 处理去标识化和重标识请求的位置。创建 Cloud KMS 密钥时,您必须将其存储在 global
位置或用于敏感数据保护请求的同一区域中。否则,Sensitive Data Protection 请求将失败。
您可以在敏感数据保护位置中找到受支持位置的列表。记下所选区域的名称(例如 us-west1
)。
此步骤使用 global
作为所有 API 请求的位置。如果要使用其他区域,请将 global
替换为区域名称。
创建密钥环:
gcloud kms keyrings create "dlp-keyring" \ --location "global"
创建密钥:
gcloud kms keys create "dlp-key" \ --location "global" \ --keyring "dlp-keyring" \ --purpose "encryption"
列出密钥环和密钥:
gcloud kms keys list \ --location "global" \ --keyring "dlp-keyring"
您将获得以下输出:
NAME PURPOSE ALGORITHM PROTECTION_LEVEL LABELS PRIMARY_ID PRIMARY_STATE projects/PROJECT_ID/locations/global/keyRings/dlp-keyring/cryptoKeys/dlp-key ENCRYPT_DECRYPT GOOGLE_SYMMETRIC_ENCRYPTION SOFTWARE 1 ENABLED
在此输出中,
PROJECT_ID
是您的项目 ID。NAME
下的路径是您的 Cloud KMS 密钥的完整资源名称。请记下此路径,去标识化和重标识请求将需要它。
第 2 步:创建 base64 编码的 AES 密钥
本部分介绍如何创建高级加密标准 (AES) 密钥并采用 base64 格式进行编码。
创建 128 位、192 位或 256 位 AES 密钥。以下命令使用
openssl
在当前目录中创建一个 256 位密钥:openssl rand -out "./aes_key.bin" 32
文件
aes_key.bin
已添加到当前目录。将 AES 密钥编码为 base64 字符串:
base64 -i ./aes_key.bin
您将看到类似于以下内容的输出:
uEDo6/yKx+zCg2cZ1DBwpwvzMVNk/c+jWs7OwpkMc/s=
第 3 步:使用 Cloud KMS 密钥封装 AES 密钥
本部分介绍如何使用第 1 步中创建的 Cloud KMS 密钥来封装第 2 步中创建的 base64 编码的 AES 密钥。
如需封装 AES 密钥,请使用 curl
将以下请求发送至 Cloud KMS API projects.locations.keyRings.cryptoKeys.encrypt
:
curl "https://cloudkms.googleapis.com/v1/projects/PROJECT_ID/locations/global/keyRings/dlp-keyring/cryptoKeys/dlp-key:encrypt" \
--request "POST" \
--header "Authorization:Bearer $(gcloud auth application-default print-access-token)" \
--header "content-type: application/json" \
--data "{\"plaintext\": \"BASE64_ENCODED_AES_KEY\"}"
请替换以下内容:
您从 Cloud KMS 获得的响应类似于以下 JSON:
{ "name": "projects/PROJECT_ID/locations/global/keyRings/dlp-keyring/cryptoKeys/dlp-key/cryptoKeyVersions/1", "ciphertext": "CiQAYuuIGo5DVaqdE0YLioWxEhC8LbTmq7Uy2G3qOJlZB7WXBw0SSQAjdwP8ZusZJ3Kr8GD9W0vaFPMDksmHEo6nTDaW/j5sSYpHa1ym2JHk+lUgkC3Zw5bXhfCNOkpXUdHGZKou1893O8BDby/82HY=", "ciphertextCrc32c": "901327763", "protectionLevel": "SOFTWARE" }
在此输出中,PROJECT_ID
是您的项目 ID。
记下您获得的响应中的 ciphertext
值。这是封装的密钥。
后续步骤
详细了解如何通过加密密钥将数据令牌化。
完成演示如何创建封装的密钥、对内容进行令牌化和重标识令牌化内容的端到端示例。