加密直播

本页介绍了如何加密直播内容。通过 Live Stream API 不会创建或管理加密密钥或许可 。相反，您必须使用第三方数字版权管理 (DRM) 这些功能的提供商为您的 Pod 创建加密密钥后 请使用以下代码将这些键传递给 Live Stream API： Secret Manager。

加密设置在 Channel 设置中指定。直播开始后，Live Stream API 视频流水线会开始对您的内容进行加密。输出清单包含在您选择的媒体播放器中解密内容所需的信息。

受支持的配置

流式传输协议 容器 DRM 系统 加密方案
HLS TS ClearKey aes128
HLS TS ClearKey sampleAes
HLS TS FairPlay sampleAes
HLS fMP4 FairPlay 仅限 mpegCenc cbcs
MPEG-DASH fMP4 ClearKey mpegCenc cenc 或 cbcs
MPEG-DASH fMP4 Widevine mpegCenc cenc 或 cbcs
HLS fMP4 Widevine mpegCenc cenc 或 cbcs
MPEG-DASH fMP4 PlayReady mpegCenc cenc 或 cbcs
HLS fMP4 PlayReady mpegCenc cenc 或 cbcs

将加密密钥添加到 Secret Manager

在开始之前，请使用您选择的第三方 DRM 提供商创建加密密钥。

Live Stream API 要求您的 Secret 包含以下 JSON 格式的加密密钥以及其他必要信息。

如需了解每个字段的说明，请参阅 DRM 协议文档。请注意，您需要从蛇形命名法 JSON 格式的驼峰式大小写。

示例 JSON

{
  "encryptionKeys": [
    {
      // Key for FairPlay configuration.
      "keyId": "d569cb35bd0548c7a99d92feb381df13",
      "key": "f1967daca83e81f38d80aa741e7b32c2",
      "iv": "8d80aa741e7b32c2f1967daca83e81f3",
      "keyUri": "skd://d569cb35bd0548c7a99d92feb381df13",
      "matchers": [
        {
          "muxStreams": ["ts_fairplay"]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      // Key for Widevine configurations.
      "keyId": "44ec248b048c43a6a6ee58a752c6f9f8",
      "key": "f1967daca83e81f38d80aa741e7b32c2",
      "keyUri": "skd://44ec248b048c43a6a6ee58a752c6f9f8",
      "matchers": [
        {
          "muxStreams": [
            "fmp4_widevine_cenc_video",
            "fmp4_widevine_cenc_audio",
            "fmp4_widevine_cbcs_video",
            "fmp4_widevine_cbcs_audio"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      // Key for PlayReady configurations.
      "keyId": "8beed229709f480bb6004ec0f33e82d1",
      "key": "ad20cd838f354dcc8a77c443d08ff09f",
      "keyUri": "skd://8beed229709f480bb6004ec0f33e82d1",
      "matchers": [
        {
          "muxStreams": [
            "fmp4_playready_cenc_video",
            "fmp4_playready_cenc_audio",
            "fmp4_playready_cbcs_video",
            "fmp4_playready_cbcs_audio"
          ]
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      // Key for all ClearKey configurations.
      "keyId": "3d9dccb479c64adbb6e514790caa7822",
      "key": "f1967daca83e81f38d80aa741e7b32c2",
      "keyUri": "https://example.com/keys/3d9dccb479c64adbb6e514790caa7822.bin",
      "iv": "8d80aa741e7b32c2f1967daca83e81f3"
      // No `matchers` field. This is the default key to use when none of the keys above match.
    }
  ]
}

如果您的加密配置（例如，FairPlay）要求明确 初始化矢量 (IV)，但未包含该矢量，则 API 将使用 keyId：表示 iv 的值。

如需添加加密密钥，请执行以下任一操作：

  • 手动添加和配置密钥。使用上述 JSON 数据，按照创建 Secret 中的步骤将加密密钥添加到 Secret Manager。

  • 实现 key publisher，以获取任何所需的加密密钥并 将它们作为 Secret 版本写入 Secret Manager。查看示例 作为 Cloud Run 函数运行的实现。

然后，执行以下操作以配置加密密钥：

  1. 为您的 Secret 配置 IAM 权限，以便 Live Stream API 可以访问 Secret 内容。为此，请将 secretmanager.secretAccessor 角色分配给 service-PROJECT_NUMBER@gcp-sa-livestream.iam.gserviceaccount.com 服务账号（这类似于服务账号有权访问 Cloud Storage 存储分区）。
  2. 找到您创建的 Secret 版本的资源名称（例如 projects/PROJECT_NUMBER/secrets/SECRET_ID/versions/VERSION_ID）。您需要此名称才能配置渠道。

配置渠道

加密设置使用 Channel 级别 encryptions 数组中的对象指定。唯一标识符 (id) 会分配给每项不同的配置每个 muxStream 均使用 来指明要使用的加密配置，或忽略该标识符 字段保持未加密状态。

JSON 格式

{
  // other channel settings …
  "encryptions": [
    {
      // Identifier for this encryption configuration, to be specified in muxStream(s).
      "id": string,
      // Configuration for secrets stored in Google Secret Manager.
      "secretManagerKeySource": {
        // The name of the Secret Version containing the encryption key.
        // `projects/{project}/secrets/{secret_id}/versions/{version_number}`
        // Using {version_number} of `latest` is not supported.
        "secretVersion": string
      },
      // DRM system(s) that will be used. At least one must be specified. If a DRM system
      // is omitted, it will be considered disabled.
      "drmSystems": {
        // Widevine configuration.
        "widevine": {},
        // FairPlay configuration.
        "fairplay": {},
        // PlayReady configuration.
        "playready": {},
        // ClearKey configuration.
        "clearkey": {}
      },
      // Union field encryption_mode can be only one of the following:
      // Configuration for HLS AES-128 encryption.
      "aes128": {},
      // Configuration for HLS SAMPLE-AES encryption.
      "sampleAes": {},
      // Configuration for MPEG-DASH Common Encryption (MPEG-CENC).
      "mpegCenc": {
        // Specify the encryption scheme. Supported schemes:
        // - `cenc` - AES-CTR subsample
        // - `cbcs`- AES-CBC subsample pattern
        "scheme": string
      }
      // End of list of possible types for union field encryption_mode.
    }
    // Any other encryption configurations.
  ],
  "muxStreams": [
    {
      // Unique identifier for the muxStream.
      "key": string,
      // Identifier of the encryption configuration for the muxStream.
      "encryptionId": string
      // … other muxStream settings.
    }
    // Other muxStreams.
  ],

  // Other channel settings.
}

示例（ClearKey）

以下示例在 HLS 清单中配置了 AES-128 和 SAMPLE-AES muxStream，在 DASH 清单中配置了 MPEG-CENC muxStream（cenc 和 cbcs）：

"elementaryStreams": [
  {
    "key": "es_video",
    "videoStream": {
      "h264": {
        "profile": "main",
        "heightPixels": 600,
        "widthPixels": 800,
        "bitrateBps": 1000000,
        "frameRate": 60,
      },
    },
  },
  {
    "key": "es_audio",
    "audioStream": {
      "codec": "aac",
      "channelCount": 2,
      "bitrateBps": 160000
    }
  }
],
"encryptions": [
  {
    "id": "aes-128",
    "secretManagerKeySource": {
      "secretVersion": "projects/12345/secrets/key-1/versions/1"
    },
    "drmSystems": {"clearkey": {}},
    "aes128": {}
  },
  {
    "id": "sample-aes",
    "secretManagerKeySource": {
      "secretVersion": "projects/12345/secrets/key-1/versions/1"
    },
    "drmSystems": {"clearkey": {}},
    "sampleAes": {}
  },
  {
    "id": "cenc",
    "secretManagerKeySource": {
      "secretVersion": "projects/12345/secrets/key-1/versions/1"
    },
    "drmSystems": {"clearkey": {}},
    "mpegCenc": {
      "scheme": "cenc"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "cbcs",
    "secretManagerKeySource": {
      "secretVersion": "projects/12345/secrets/key-1/versions/1"
    },
    "drmSystems": {"clearkey": {}},
    "mpegCenc": {
      "scheme": "cbcs"
    }
  }
],
"muxStreams": [
  {
    "key": "ts_aes128",
    "container": "ts",
    "elementaryStreams": ["es_video", "es_audio"],
    "segmentSettings": {"segmentDuration": "2s"},
    "encryptionId": "aes-128"
  },
  {
    "key": "ts_sampleaes",
    "container": "ts",
    "elementaryStreams": ["es_video", "es_audio"],
    "segmentSettings": {"segmentDuration": "2s"},
    "encryptionId": "sample-aes"
  },
  {
    "key": "fmp4_cenc_video",
    "container": "fmp4",
    "elementaryStreams": ["es_video"],
    "segmentSettings": {"segmentDuration": "2s"},
    "encryptionId": "cenc"
  },
  {
    "key": "fmp4_cenc_audio",
    "container": "fmp4",
    "elementaryStreams": ["es_audio"],
    "segmentSettings": {"segmentDuration": "2s"},
    "encryptionId": "cenc"
  },
  {
    "key": "fmp4_cbcs_video",
    "container": "fmp4",
    "elementaryStreams": ["es_video"],
    "segmentSettings": {"segmentDuration": "2s"},
    "encryptionId": "cbcs"
  },
  {
    "key": "fmp4_cbcs_audio",
    "container": "fmp4",
    "elementaryStreams": ["es_audio"],
    "segmentSettings": {"segmentDuration": "2s"},
    "encryptionId": "cbcs"
  }
],
"manifests": [
  {
    "key": "manifest_aes128_hls",
    "fileName": "manifest_aes128.m3u8",
    "type": "HLS",
    "muxStreams": ["ts_aes128"],
    "maxSegmentCount": 10
  },
  {
    "key": "manifest_sampleaes_hls",
    "fileName": "manifest_sampleaes.m3u8",
    "type": "HLS",
    "muxStreams": ["ts_sampleaes"],
    "maxSegmentCount": 10
  },
  {
    "key": "manifest_cenc_dash",
    "fileName": "manifest_cenc.mpd",
    "type": "DASH",
    "muxStreams": ["fmp4_cenc_video", "fmp4_cenc_audio"],
    "maxSegmentCount": 10
  },
  {
    "key": "manifest_cbcs_dash",
    "fileName": "manifest_cbcs.mpd",
    "type": "DASH",
    "muxStreams": ["fmp4_cbcs_video", "fmp4_cbcs_audio"],
    "maxSegmentCount": 10
  }
]

示例 (FP/PR/Widevine)

以下示例配置了 FairPlay/SAMPLE-AES、Widevine/MPEG-CENC （cenc 和 cbcs）和 PlayReady/MPEG-CENC（cenc 和 cbcs）muxStreams。 HLS 和 DASH 中包含 Widevine 和 PlayReady muxStream 清单。

"elementaryStreams": [
  {
    "key": "es_video",
    "videoStream": {
      "h264": {
        "profile": "main",
        "heightPixels": 600,
        "widthPixels": 800,
        "bitrateBps": 1000000,
        "frameRate": 60,
      },
    },
  },
  {
    "key": "es_audio",
    "audioStream": {
      "codec": "aac",
      "channelCount": 2,
      "bitrateBps": 160000
    }
  }
],
"encryptions": [
  {
    "id": "fairplay",
    "secretManagerKeySource": {
      "secretVersion": "projects/12345/secrets/key-1/versions/1"
    },
    "drmSystems": {"fairplay": {}},
    "sampleAes": {}
  },
  {
    "id": "widevine-cenc",
    "secretManagerKeySource": {
      "secretVersion": "projects/12345/secrets/key-1/versions/1"
    },
    "drmSystems": {"widevine": {}},
    "mpegCenc": {
      "scheme": "cenc"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "widevine-cbcs",
    "secretManagerKeySource": {
      "secretVersion": "projects/12345/secrets/key-1/versions/1"
    },
    "drmSystems": {"widevine": {}},
    "mpegCenc": {
      "scheme": "cbcs"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "playready-cenc",
    "secretManagerKeySource": {
      "secretVersion": "projects/12345/secrets/key-1/versions/1"
    },
    "drmSystems": {"playready": {}},
    "mpegCenc": {
      "scheme": "cenc"
    }
  },
  {
    "id": "playready-cbcs",
    "secretManagerKeySource": {
      "secretVersion": "projects/12345/secrets/key-1/versions/1"
    },
    "drmSystems": {"playready": {}},
    "mpegCenc": {
      "scheme": "cbcs"
    }
  }
],
"muxStreams": [
  {
    "key": "ts_fairplay",
    "container": "ts",
    "elementaryStreams": ["es_video", "es_audio"],
    "segmentSettings": {"segmentDuration": "2s"},
    "encryptionId": "fairplay"
  },
  {
    "key": "fmp4_widevine_cenc_video",
    "container": "fmp4",
    "elementaryStreams": ["es_video"],
    "segmentSettings": {"segmentDuration": "2s"},
    "encryptionId": "widevine-cenc"
  },
  {
    "key": "fmp4_widevine_cenc_audio",
    "container": "fmp4",
    "elementaryStreams": ["es_audio"],
    "segmentSettings": {"segmentDuration": "2s"},
    "encryptionId": "widevine-cenc"
  },
  {
    "key": "fmp4_widevine_cbcs_video",
    "container": "fmp4",
    "elementaryStreams": ["es_video"],
    "segmentSettings": {"segmentDuration": "2s"},
    "encryptionId": "widevine-cbcs"
  },
  {
    "key": "fmp4_widevine_cbcs_audio",
    "container": "fmp4",
    "elementaryStreams": ["es_audio"],
    "segmentSettings": {"segmentDuration": "2s"},
    "encryptionId": "widevine-cbcs"
  },
  {
    "key": "fmp4_playready_cenc_video",
    "container": "fmp4",
    "elementaryStreams": ["es_video"],
    "segmentSettings": {"segmentDuration": "2s"},
    "encryptionId": "playready-cenc"
  },
  {
    "key": "fmp4_playready_cenc_audio",
    "container": "fmp4",
    "elementaryStreams": ["es_audio"],
    "segmentSettings": {"segmentDuration": "2s"},
    "encryptionId": "playready-cenc"
  },
  {
    "key": "fmp4_playready_cbcs_video",
    "container": "fmp4",
    "elementaryStreams": ["es_video"],
    "segmentSettings": {"segmentDuration": "2s"},
    "encryptionId": "playready-cbcs"
  },
  {
    "key": "fmp4_playready_cbcs_audio",
    "container": "fmp4",
    "elementaryStreams": ["es_audio"],
    "segmentSettings": {"segmentDuration": "2s"},
    "encryptionId": "playready-cbcs"
  }
],
"manifests": [
  {
    "key": "manifest_fairplay_hls",
    "fileName": "manifest_fairplay.m3u8",
    "type": "HLS",
    "muxStreams": ["ts_fairplay"],
    "maxSegmentCount": 10
  },
  {
    "key": "manifest_widevine_cenc_hls",
    "fileName": "manifest_widevine_cenc.m3u8",
    "type": "HLS",
    "muxStreams": ["fmp4_widevine_cenc_video", "fmp4_widevine_cenc_audio"],
    "maxSegmentCount": 10
  },
  {
    "key": "manifest_widevine_cbcs_hls",
    "fileName": "manifest_widevine_cbcs.m3u8",
    "type": "HLS",
    "muxStreams": ["fmp4_widevine_cbcs_video", "fmp4_widevine_cbcs_audio"],
    "maxSegmentCount": 10
  },
  {
    "key": "manifest_widevine_cenc_dash",
    "fileName": "manifest_widevine_cenc.mpd",
    "type": "DASH",
    "muxStreams": ["fmp4_widevine_cenc_video", "fmp4_widevine_cenc_audio"],
    "maxSegmentCount": 10
  },
  {
    "key": "manifest_widevine_cbcs_dash",
    "fileName": "manifest_widevine_cbcs.mpd",
    "type": "DASH",
    "muxStreams": ["fmp4_widevine_cbcs_video", "fmp4_widevine_cbcs_audio"],
    "maxSegmentCount": 10
  },
  {
    "key": "manifest_playready_cenc_hls",
    "fileName": "manifest_playready_cenc.m3u8",
    "type": "HLS",
    "muxStreams": ["fmp4_playready_cenc_video", "fmp4_playready_cenc_audio"],
    "maxSegmentCount": 10
  },
  {
    "key": "manifest_playready_cbcs_hls",
    "fileName": "manifest_playready_cbcs.m3u8",
    "type": "HLS",
    "muxStreams": ["fmp4_playready_cbcs_video", "fmp4_playready_cbcs_audio"],
    "maxSegmentCount": 10
  },
  {
    "key": "manifest_playready_cenc_dash",
    "fileName": "manifest_playready_cenc.mpd",
    "type": "DASH",
    "muxStreams": ["fmp4_playready_cenc_video", "fmp4_playready_cenc_audio"],
    "maxSegmentCount": 10
  },
  {
    "key": "manifest_playready_cbcs_dash",
    "fileName": "manifest_playready_cbcs.mpd",
    "type": "DASH",
    "muxStreams": ["fmp4_playready_cbcs_video", "fmp4_playready_cbcs_audio"],
    "maxSegmentCount": 10
  }
]

确定要使用的 JSON 配置后，请照常创建渠道。

开始直播

创建频道后，请启动频道 和 发送输入流。

频道启动后，Live Stream API 会从 Secret Manager 提取由 secretVersion 标识的加密密钥。如果 Live Stream API 无法提取密钥或密钥采用无法识别的格式，渠道状态将变为 STREAMING_ERROR。如果密钥 成功提取后，该频道的状态会像往常一样变为 AWAITING_INPUT。

直播开始后，Live Stream API 会开始根据创建时提供的配置对输出内容进行加密。

监控输出

加密的输出流包含经过修改的清单，其中包含所需信息 解密要播放的内容。

清单示例

以下清单显示了解密关联内容所需的信息。

HLS AES-128/ClearKey

#EXTM3U
#EXT-X-VERSION:7
#EXT-X-TARGETDURATION:4
#EXT-X-MEDIA-SEQUENCE:0
#EXT-X-DISCONTINUITY-SEQUENCE:0
#EXT-X-KEY:METHOD=AES-128,URI="https://example.com/keys/3d9dccb479c64adbb6e514790caa7822.bin",IV=0x8d80aa741e7b32c2f1967daca83e81f3
#EXT-X-PROGRAM-DATE-TIME:2022-10-12T20:08:22.870Z
#EXTINF:2.576778
segment-0000000000.ts
#EXT-X-PROGRAM-DATE-TIME:2022-10-12T20:08:25.447Z
#EXTINF:2.000000
segment-0000000001.ts
#EXT-X-PROGRAM-DATE-TIME:2022-10-12T20:08:27.447Z
#EXTINF:2.000000
segment-0000000002.ts
#EXT-X-PROGRAM-DATE-TIME:2022-10-12T20:08:29.447Z
#EXTINF:2.000000
segment-0000000003.ts

HLS 示例-AES/FairPlay

#EXTM3U
#EXT-X-VERSION:7
#EXT-X-TARGETDURATION:4
#EXT-X-MEDIA-SEQUENCE:0
#EXT-X-DISCONTINUITY-SEQUENCE:0
#EXT-X-KEY:METHOD=SAMPLE-AES,URI="skd://d569cb35bd0548c7a99d92feb381df13",KEYFORMAT="com.apple.streamingkeydelivery",KEYFORMATVERSIONS="1"
#EXT-X-PROGRAM-DATE-TIME:2022-10-12T20:08:22.870Z
#EXTINF:2.576778
segment-0000000000.ts
#EXT-X-PROGRAM-DATE-TIME:2022-10-12T20:08:25.447Z
#EXTINF:2.000000
segment-0000000001.ts
#EXT-X-PROGRAM-DATE-TIME:2022-10-12T20:08:27.447Z
#EXTINF:2.000000
segment-0000000002.ts
#EXT-X-PROGRAM-DATE-TIME:2022-10-12T20:08:29.447Z
#EXTINF:2.000000
segment-0000000003.ts

HLS MPEG-CENC/Widevine

#EXTM3U
#EXT-X-VERSION:7
#EXT-X-TARGETDURATION:4
#EXT-X-MEDIA-SEQUENCE:0
#EXT-X-DISCONTINUITY-SEQUENCE:0
#EXT-X-KEY:METHOD=SAMPLE-AES-CTR,URI="data:text/plain;base64,AAAAOHBzc2gAAAAA7e+LqXnWSs6jyCfSEAB3Gcrj/8kFtioyiVbJMh9I49yVmwY=",KEYFORMAT="urn:uuid:edef8ba9-79d6-4ace-a3c8-27dcd51d21ed",KEYFORMATVERSIONS="1"
#EXT-X-MAP:URI="segment-initialization_segment_0000000000.m4s"
#EXT-X-PROGRAM-DATE-TIME:2022-10-12T20:08:22.870Z
#EXTINF:2.576778
segment-0000000000.m4s
#EXT-X-PROGRAM-DATE-TIME:2022-10-12T20:08:25.447Z
#EXTINF:2.000000
segment-0000000001.m4s
#EXT-X-PROGRAM-DATE-TIME:2022-10-12T20:08:27.447Z
#EXTINF:2.000000
segment-0000000002.m4s
#EXT-X-PROGRAM-DATE-TIME:2022-10-12T20:08:29.447Z
#EXTINF:2.000000
segment-0000000003.m4s

DASH MPEG-CENC/Widevine

<AdaptationSet segmentAlignment="true" maxWidth="800" maxHeight="600">
  <Representation mimeType="video/mp4" id="fmp4_widevine_cenc_video" codecs="avc1.4d001f">
    <ContentProtection value="cenc" schemeIdUri="urn:mpeg:dash:mp4protection:2011" cenc:default_KID="44ec248b-048c-43a6-a6ee-58a752c6f9f8"/>
    <ContentProtection schemeIdUri="urn:uuid:edef8ba9-79d6-4ace-a3c8-27dcd51d21ed" value="Widevine">
      <cenc:pssh>AAAAOHBzc2gAAAAA7e+LqXnWSs6jCfc1R0h7QAAABgSEAB3Gcrj/8kFklokiVbJMh9VmwY=</cenc:pssh>
    </ContentProtection>
  </Representation>
</AdaptationSet>
<AdaptationSet segmentAlignment="true" mimeType="audio/mp4" id="1" label="fmp4_widevine_cenc_audio">
  <Representation id="fmp4_widevine_cenc_audio" codecs="mp4a.40.2">
    <ContentProtection value="cenc" schemeIdUri="urn:mpeg:dash:mp4protection:2011" cenc:default_KID="44ec248b-048c-43a6-a6ee-58a752c6f9f8"/>
    <ContentProtection schemeIdUri="urn:uuid:edef8ba9-79d6-4ace-a3c8-27dcd51d21ed" value="Widevine">
      <cenc:pssh>AAAAOHBzc2gAAAAA7e+LqXnWSs6jCfc1R0h7QAAABgSEAB3Gcrj/8kFklokiVbJMh9VmwY=</cenc:pssh>
    </ContentProtection>
  </Representation>
</AdaptationSet>

建议使用基于 HLS.js 的播放器进行 HLS/TS 解密。建议使用基于 Shaka Player 的播放器进行 DASH/fMP4 解密。

PlayReady“cenc”运行 Windows 的实体机器支持 scheme 10 搭配 Microsoft Edge 浏览器、Xbox One（1703 或更低版本）和部分 非 Windows 设备（例如智能电视）。PlayReady 全新《cbcs》架构为 仅支持 Xbox One 1709 版或更高版本。如需了解详情，请参阅 PlayReady 内容加密模式。

更新加密密钥

如需将渠道切换到新的加密密钥，请执行以下操作：

  1. 停止频道。
  2. 更新频道的加密设置。
  3. 启动频道。