Manage GPU workloads

This page describes how to enable and manage graphics processing unit (GPU) workloads on Google Distributed Cloud Edge. To take advantage of this functionality, you must have a Distributed Cloud Edge hardware configuration that contains GPUs. GPU support is disabled by default. You must explicitly enable GPU support on your Distributed Cloud Edge cluster. Keep in mind that Distributed Cloud Edge Servers don't support GPU workloads.

To plan for and order such a configuration, choose configuration 2 in the following documents:

If your Distributed Cloud Edge rack includes GPUs, you can configure your Distributed Cloud Edge workloads to use GPU resources.

Distributed Cloud Edge workloads can run in containers and on virtual machines:

GPU workloads running in containers. When you enable GPU support, all GPU resources on your Distributed Cloud Edge cluster are initially allocated to workloads running in containers. The GPU driver for running GPU-based containerized workloads is included in Distributed Cloud Edge. Within each container, GPU libraries are mounted at /opt/nvidia.
GPU workloads running on virtual machines. To run a GPU-based workload on a virtual machine, you must allocate GPU resources on the target Distributed Cloud Edge node to virtual machines, as described later on this page. Doing so bypasses the built-in GPU driver and passes the GPUs directly through to virtual machines. You must manually install a compatible GPU driver on each virtual machine's guest operating system. You must also secure all the licensing required to run specialized GPU drivers on your virtual machines.

To confirm that GPUs are present on a Distributed Cloud Edge node, verify that the node has the vm.cluster.gke.io.gpu=true label. If the label is not present on the node, then there are no GPUs installed on the corresponding Distributed Cloud Edge physical machine.

Enable GPU support

To enable GPU support for your workloads, you must create or modify the VMRuntime custom resource that contains the enableGPU parameter with its value set to true, and then apply it to your Distributed Cloud Edge cluster. For example:

apiVersion: vm.cluster.gke.io/v1
kind: VMRuntime
metadata:
  name: vmruntime
spec:
  # Enable GPU support
  enableGPU: true

Depending on the type of cluster on which you want to enable the VM Runtime on GDC virtual machine subsystem, do one of the following:

For Cloud control plane clusters on which you have not yet enabled the VM Runtime on GDC virtual machine subsystem, you must manually create the VMRuntime resource.
For Cloud control plane clusters on which you have already enabled the VM Runtime on GDC virtual machine subsystem, you must edit the existing VMRuntime resource
For local control plane clusters, you must edit the existing VMRuntime resource.

This same VMRuntime resource also configures VM Runtime on GDC support on your cluster by using the enable parameter. Make sure that you configure the two parameters according to your workload needs. You do not have to enable VM Runtime on GDC support to enable GPU support on your Distributed Cloud Edge cluster.

The following table describes the available configurations.

`enable` value	`enableGPU` value	Resulting configuration
`false`	`false`	Workloads run only in containers and cannot use GPU resources.
`false`	`true`	Workloads run only in containers and can use GPU resources.
`true`	`true`	Workloads can run on virtual machines and in containers. Both types of workloads can use GPU resources.
`true`	`false`	Workloads can run on virtual machines and in containers. Neither type of workload can use GPU resources.

Verify that GPU support has been enabled

To verify that GPU support has been enabled on your cluster, use the following command:

kubectl get pods --namespace vm-system

The command returns output similar to the following example:

NAME                                         READY   STATUS     RESTARTS  AGE
...
gpu-controller-controller-manager-vbv4w      2/2     Running    0         31h
kubevirt-gpu-dp-daemonset-gxj7g              1/1     Running    0         31h
nvidia-gpu-dp-daemonset-bq2vj                1/1     Running    0         31h
...

In the output, you can verify that the GPU controller Pods have been deployed and are running in the vm-system namespace.

Allocate GPU resources

By default, when you enable GPU support on your Distributed Cloud Edge cluster, all GPU resources on each node in the cluster are allocated to containerized workloads. To customize the allocation of GPU resources on each node, complete the steps in this section.

Configure GPU resource allocation

To allocate GPU resources on a Distributed Cloud Edge node, use the following command to edit the GPUAllocation custom resource on the target node:
```
kubectl edit gpuallocation NODE_NAME --namespace vm-system
```
Replace NODE_NAME with the name of the target Distributed Cloud Edge node.

In the following example, the command's output shows the factory-default GPU resource allocation. By default, all GPU resources are allocated to containerized (pod) workloads, and no GPU resources are allocated to virtual machine (vm) workloads:
```
...
spec:
  pod:   2  # Number of GPUs allocated for container workloads
  vm:    0  # Number of GPUs allocated for VM workloads
```
Set your GPU resource allocations as follows:
- To allocate a GPU resource to containerized workloads, increase the value of the pod field and decrease the value of the vm field by the same amount.
- To allocate a GPU resource to virtual machine workloads, increase the value of the vm field and decrease the value of the pod field by the same amount.
The total number of allocated GPU resources must not exceed the number of GPUs installed on the physical Distributed Cloud Edge machine on which the node runs; otherwise, the node rejects the invalid allocation.

In the following example, two GPU resources have been reallocated from containerized (pod) workloads to virtual machine (vm) workloads:
```
...
spec:
  pod:   0  # Number of GPUs allocated for container workloads
  vm:    2  # Number of GPUs allocated for VM workloads
```
When you finish, apply the modified GPUAllocation resource to your cluster and wait for its status to change to AllocationFulfilled.

Check GPU resource allocation

To check your GPU resource allocation, use the following command:

kubectl describe gpuallocations NODE_NAME --namespace vm-system

Replace NODE_NAME with the name of the target Distributed Cloud Edge node.

The command returns output similar to the following example:

 Name:         mynode1
 ...
 spec:
   node:  mynode1
   pod:   2  # Number of GPUs allocated for container workloads
   vm:    0  # Number of GPUs allocated for VM workloads
 Status:
   Allocated:  true
   Conditions:
     Last Transition Time:  2022-09-23T03:14:10Z
     Message:
     Observed Generation:   1
     Reason:                AllocationFulfilled
     Status:                True
     Type:                  AllocationStatus
     Last Transition Time:  2022-09-23T03:14:16Z
     Message:
     Observed Generation:   1
     Reason:                DeviceStateUpdated
     Status:                True
     Type:                  DeviceStateUpdated
   Consumption:
     pod:         0/2   # Number of GPUs currently consumed by container workloads
     vm:          0/0   # Number of GPUs currently consumed by VM workloads
   Device Model:  Tesla T4
 Events:          <none>

Configure a container to use GPU resources

To configure a container running on Distributed Cloud Edge to use GPU resources, configure its specification as shown in the following example, and then apply it to your cluster:

  apiVersion: v1
  kind: Pod
  metadata:
    name: my-gpu-pod
  spec:
    containers:
    - name: my-gpu-container
      image: CUDA_TOOLKIT_IMAGE
      command: ["/bin/bash", "-c", "--"]
      args: ["while true; do sleep 600; done;"]
      env:
      resources:
        requests:
        nvidia.com/gpu-pod-TESLA_T4: 2
        limits:
        nvidia.com/gpu-pod-TESLA_T4: 2
    nodeSelector:
      kubernetes.io/hostname: NODE_NAME

Replace the following:

CUDA_TOOLKIT_IMAGE: the full path and name of the NVIDIA CUDA toolkit image. The version of the CUDA toolkit must match the version of the NVIDIA driver running on your Distributed Cloud Edge cluster. To determine your NVIDIA driver version, see the Distributed Cloud Edge release notes. To find the matching CUDA toolkit version, see CUDA Compatibility.
NODE_NAME: the name of the target Distributed Cloud Edge node.

Configure a virtual machine to use GPU resources

To configure a virtual machine running on Distributed Cloud Edge to use GPU resources, configure its VirtualMachine resource specification as shown in the following example, and then apply it to your cluster:

apiVersion: vm.cluster.gke.io/v1
kind: VirtualMachine
...
spec:
  ...
  gpu:
    model: nvidia.com/gpu-vm-TESLA_T4
    quantity: 2