El 15 de septiembre del 2026, todos los entornos de Cloud Composer 1 y Cloud Composer 2 versión 2.0.x alcanzarán el final de su ciclo de vida previsto y no podrás usarlos. Te recomendamos que planifiques la migración a Cloud Composer 3.
En esta página se explica cómo definir variables de entorno en tu entorno de Cloud Composer.
Puedes usar variables de entorno como alternativa a las variables de Airflow cuando proporciones la configuración del tiempo de ejecución de tus DAGs. Las variables de Airflow se definen en la base de datos de Airflow, mientras que las variables de entorno se definen en el contenedor del trabajador de Airflow.
Por ejemplo, puedes usar el nombre de una variable de entorno tal cual en un comando que ejecute un BashOperator, obtener este valor del objeto os.environ del DAG o usar una variable de Airflow.
Las variables de entorno son persistentes. Una vez que especifiques una variable de entorno, Airflow seguirá usándola hasta que la elimines de tu entorno.
Cloud Composer define sus propias variables de entorno reservadas para controlar los entornos.
Formato de nombre
Las variables de entorno deben coincidir con la expresión regular [a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_]*.
Opciones de configuración de Airflow
No se pueden especificar variables que cambien las opciones de configuración de Apache Airflow.
Las variables no pueden usar el formato AIRFLOW__{SECTION}__{KEY} ni coincidir con la expresión regular AIRFLOW__[A-Z0-9_]+__[A-Z0-9_]+. Por ejemplo, no es posible definir AIRFLOW__WEBSERVER__DAG_DEFAULT_VIEW.
En el parámetro updateMask, especifica la máscara config.softwareConfig.envVariables para sustituir todas las variables por las variables especificadas. Las variables que no especifiques se eliminarán.
En el cuerpo de la solicitud, especifica las variables y sus valores:
[[["Es fácil de entender","easyToUnderstand","thumb-up"],["Me ofreció una solución al problema","solvedMyProblem","thumb-up"],["Otro","otherUp","thumb-up"]],[["Es difícil de entender","hardToUnderstand","thumb-down"],["La información o el código de muestra no son correctos","incorrectInformationOrSampleCode","thumb-down"],["Me faltan las muestras o la información que necesito","missingTheInformationSamplesINeed","thumb-down"],["Problema de traducción","translationIssue","thumb-down"],["Otro","otherDown","thumb-down"]],["Última actualización: 2025-08-29 (UTC)."],[[["\u003cp\u003eThis document outlines how to manage environment variables within Cloud Composer environments, which can be used as an alternative to Airflow variables for runtime configurations.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eEnvironment variables are persistent and are stored within the Airflow worker's container, and are set outside of the Airflow database.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eThere are specific rules for naming variables and restrictions on using variables to alter Airflow's configuration.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eCloud Composer reserves a set of variable names that cannot be used, as they are reserved for internal processes, and these should not be referred to in your DAGs.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eEnvironment variables can be set when creating a new environment or modified in existing environments through the Google Cloud console, gcloud commands, the API, or Terraform.\u003c/p\u003e\n"]]],[],null,["# Set environment variables\n\n\u003cbr /\u003e\n\n\u003cbr /\u003e\n\n\n**Cloud Composer 3** \\| [Cloud Composer 2](/composer/docs/composer-2/set-environment-variables \"View this page for Cloud Composer 2\") \\| [Cloud Composer 1](/composer/docs/composer-1/set-environment-variables \"View this page for Cloud Composer 1\")\n\n\u003cbr /\u003e\n\n\u003cbr /\u003e\n\n\u003cbr /\u003e\n\n\u003cbr /\u003e\n\n\u003cbr /\u003e\n\n\u003cbr /\u003e\n\nThis page explains how to set environment variables in your\nCloud Composer environment.\n\nYou can use environment variables as an alternative to\n[Airflow variables](https://airflow.apache.org/docs/apache-airflow/stable/core-concepts/variables.html) when providing runtime configuration\nfor your DAGs. Airflow variables are set in the Airflow database, while\nenvironment variables are set in the Airflow worker's container.\n\nAs an example, you can use an environment variable's name as is in a command\nthat is run by a BashOperator, or get this value from the `os.environ` object\nin the DAG, or use an Airflow variable instead.\n\nEnvironment variables are persistent. Once you specify an environment variable,\nAirflow keeps using it until you remove the variable from your environment.\n| **Important:** It's not possible to use environment variables to configure Airflow. [Override Airflow configuration options](/composer/docs/composer-3/override-airflow-configurations) instead.\n\nCloud Composer sets its own reserved environment variables for controlling\nenvironments.\n\nName format\n-----------\n\nEnvironment variables must match the regular expression\n`[a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_]*`.\n\nAirflow configuration options\n-----------------------------\n\nIt is not possible to specify variables that change Apache Airflow\nconfiguration options.\n\nThe variables cannot use the `AIRFLOW__{SECTION}__{KEY}` format or match the\nregular expression `AIRFLOW__[A-Z0-9_]+__[A-Z0-9_]+`. For example, it is not\npossible to set `AIRFLOW__WEBSERVER__DAG_DEFAULT_VIEW`.\n\nInstead, you can [override Airflow configuration options](/composer/docs/composer-3/override-airflow-configurations).\n\nReserved variables\n------------------\n\nThe following variable names are reserved by Cloud Composer. It is\nnot possible to create variables with these names.\n\n- `AIRFLOW_DATABASE_VERSION`\n- `AIRFLOW_HOME`\n- `AIRFLOW_SRC_DIR`\n- `AIRFLOW_WEBSERVER`\n- `AUTO_GKE`\n- `CLOUDSDK_METRICS_ENVIRONMENT`\n- `CLOUD_LOGGING_ONLY`\n- `COMPOSER_AGENT_BUILD_SERVICE_ACCOUNT`\n- `COMPOSER_ENVIRONMENT`\n- `COMPOSER_GKE_LOCATION`\n- `COMPOSER_GKE_NAME`\n- `COMPOSER_GKE_ZONE`\n- `COMPOSER_LOCATION`\n- `COMPOSER_OPERATION_UUID`\n- `COMPOSER_PYTHON_VERSION`\n- `COMPOSER_VERSION`\n- `CONTAINER_NAME`\n- `C_FORCE_ROOT`\n- `DAGS_FOLDER`\n- `GCE_METADATA_TIMEOUT`\n- `GCP_PROJECT`\n- `GCP_TENANT_PROJECT`\n- `GCSFUSE_EXTRACTED`\n- `GCS_BUCKET`\n- `GKE_CLUSTER_NAME`\n- `GKE_IN_TENANT`\n- `GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS`\n\n- `GOOGLE_CLOUD_PROJECT`\n\n- `MAJOR_VERSION`\n\n- `MINOR_VERSION`\n\n- `PATH`\n\n- `PIP_DISABLE_PIP_VERSION_CHECK`\n\n- `PORT`\n\n- `PROJECT_ID`\n\n- `PYTHONPYCACHEPREFIX`\n\n- `PYTHONWARNINGS`\n\n- `REDIS_PASSWORD`\n\n- `REDIS_PORT`\n\n- `REDIS_USER`\n\n- `SQL_DATABASE`\n\n- `SQL_HOST`\n\n- `SQL_INSTANCE`\n\n- `SQL_PASSWORD`\n\n- `SQL_PROJECT`\n\n- `SQL_REGION`\n\n- `SQL_USER`\n\n| **Caution:** Cloud Composer uses these reserved names for variables that are used by its processes. Don't refer to reserved names in your DAGs. Values of these variables can change without notice.\n\nSet environment variables for new environments\n----------------------------------------------\n\nYou can specify environment variables when you create an environment. For more\ninformation, see [Create environments](/composer/docs/composer-3/create-environments#overrides-env-vars).\n\nSet environment variables for existing environments\n---------------------------------------------------\n\n### Console\n\nTo set environment variables for an existing environment:\n\n1. In Google Cloud console, go to the **Environments** page.\n\n [Go to Environments](https://console.cloud.google.com/composer/environments)\n2. In the list of environments, click the name of your environment.\n The **Environment details** page opens.\n\n3. Go to the **Environment variables** tab and click **Edit**.\n\n4. Add, change, or delete environment variables for your environment:\n\n - In the **Name** field, specify the variable name.\n - In the **Value** field, specify the variable value.\n - To add an extra variable, click **Add environment variable**.\n - To delete a variable, hold the pointer over a variable, then click **Delete item**.\n\n### gcloud\n\nFollowing arguments control environment variables:\n\n- `--update-env-variables` specifies a comma-separated list of environment\n variables to create or update.\n\n- `--remove-env-variables` specifies a comma-separated list of environment\n variables to delete.\n\n- `--clear-env-variables` deletes all existing environment variables.\n\n gcloud composer environments update \\\n \u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eENVIRONMENT_NAME\u003c/var\u003e \\\n --location \u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eLOCATION\u003c/var\u003e \\\n --update-env-variables=\u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"devsite-syntax-nv\"\u003eNAME\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/var\u003e=\u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eVALUE\u003c/var\u003e\n\nReplace:\n\n- `ENVIRONMENT_NAME` with the name of the environment.\n- `LOCATION` with the region where the environment is located.\n- `NAME` with the name of the variable that you want to create or update.\n- `VALUE` with the value for the variable.\n- To add more than one variable, separate the definitions with commas: `NAME=VALUE,NAME=VALUE,...`.\n\nExample: \n\n gcloud composer environments update \\\n example-environment \\\n --location us-central1 \\\n --update-env-variables=EXAMPLE_VARIABLE=True,ANOTHER_VARIABLE=test\n\n### API\n\nConstruct an [`environments.patch`](/composer/docs/reference/rest/v1/projects.locations.environments/patch) API request.\n\nIn this request:\n\n1. In the `updateMask` parameter, specify the\n `config.softwareConfig.envVariables` mask to replace all existing\n variables with the specified variables. Variables that you don't specify\n are deleted.\n\n2. In the request body, specify variables and their values:\n\n {\n \"config\": {\n \"softwareConfig\": {\n \"envVariables\": {\n \"\u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eVAR_NAME\u003c/var\u003e\": \"\u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eVAR_VALUE\u003c/var\u003e\"\n }\n }\n }\n }\n\n Replace:\n - `VAR_NAME` with the name of the environment variable.\n - `VAR_VALUE` with the value of the environment variable.\n - To add more than one variable, add extra entries for variables to `envVariables`.\n\nExample: \n\n // PATCH https://composer.googleapis.com/v1/projects/example-project/\n // locations/us-central1/environments/example-environment?updateMask=\n // config.softwareConfig.envVariables\n {\n \"config\": {\n \"softwareConfig\": {\n \"envVariables\": {\n \"EXAMPLE_VARIABLE\": \"True\",\n \"ANOTHER_VARIABLE\": \"test\"\n }\n }\n }\n }\n\n### Terraform\n\nThe `env_variables` block in the `software_config` block specifies\nenvironment variables. \n\n resource \"google_composer_environment\" \"example\" {\n provider = google-beta\n name = \"\u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eENVIRONMENT_NAME\u003c/var\u003e\"\n region = \"\u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eLOCATION\u003c/var\u003e\"\n\n config {\n\n software_config {\n\n env_variables = {\n \u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"devsite-syntax-na\"\u003eVAR_NAME\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/var\u003e = \"\u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eVAR_VALUE\u003c/var\u003e\"\n }\n\n }\n }\n }\n\nReplace:\n\n- `ENVIRONMENT_NAME` with the name of the environment.\n- `LOCATION` with the region where the environment is located.\n- `VAR_NAME` with the name of the environment variable.\n- `VAR_VALUE` with the value of the environment variable.\n- To add more than one variable, add extra entries for variables to `env_variables`.\n\nExample: \n\n resource \"google_composer_environment\" \"example\" {\n provider = google-beta\n name = \"example-environment\"\n region = \"us-central1\"\n\n config {\n\n software_config {\n\n env_variables = {\n EXAMPLE_VARIABLE = \"True\"\n ANOTHER_VARIABLE = \"test\"\n }\n }\n }\n }\n\nWhat's next\n-----------\n\n- [Override Airflow configuration options](/composer/docs/composer-3/override-airflow-configurations)\n- [Update environments](/composer/docs/composer-3/update-environments)"]]