App Engine standard environment for Python 2.7 release notes

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July 30, 2024

In the App Engine page in the Google Cloud console, you can now filter your existing App Engine versions by runtime lifecycle stages. After you apply this filter, the console displays a warning icon for App Engine versions that are approaching end of support, have reached end of support, are deprecated, and are decomissioned.

July 12, 2024

Deployments for new projects might be impacted from the following changes to org policies:

  • Starting in May 2024, Google Cloud enforces secure-by-default organization policies for all organization resources. This policy prevents App Engine from granting the Editor role to the App Engine default services accounts by default.

  • Starting in June 2024, Cloud Build has changed the default behavior for how Cloud Build uses service accounts in new projects. This change is detailed in Cloud Build Service Account Change. As a result of this change, new projects deploying versions for the first time may be using the default App Engine service account with insufficient permissions for deploying versions.

If you are impacted by this change you can do one of the following:

  • Grant the Editor role to the App Engine default service account.

  • Review the Cloud Build guidance on changes to the default service account and opt out of these changes.

March 12, 2024

You can't use the latest version of dev_appserver.py to locally run your applications for runtimes that reached end of support. To continue using an archived version of dev_appserver.py, see Use the local development server after runtimes reach the end of support.

January 31, 2024

Python 2.7 has reached end of support on January 31, 2024. Your existing Python 2.7 applications will continue to run and receive traffic. However, App Engine might block re-deployments of applications that use runtimes after their end of support date. We recommend that you migrate to the latest supported version of Python.

December 21, 2023

A warning message now appears before you publish a container image to a public repository.

September 27, 2023

If you need to re-enable deployments for Python 2.7 apps during the legacy runtime end of support period (starting January 30, 2024), you can define a new organization policy with constraints/appengine.runtimeDeploymentExemption. This policy constraint can be used before the end of support date. Learn more about enabling deployments for runtimes reaching end of support.

August 07, 2023

Accessing a service that's prohibited by the Internal or Internal and Cloud Load Balancing ingress setting now results in a 404 rather than 403 error code.

April 18, 2023

If you use the local development server to simulate an App Engine app in production, you must now run dev_appserver.py with Python 3 and set the CLOUDSDK_DEVAPPSERVER_PYTHON environment variable in your shell to the path of your Python 2 interpreter. Learn more about the required setup steps.

December 21, 2022

The option to update a Serverless VPC Access connector is now available in preview. This feature allows you to edit the machine (instance) type, as well as the minimum and maximum number of instances.

May 18, 2022

Specifying a user-managed service account for each App Engine version during deployment is now generally available.

April 13, 2022

The App Engine legacy bundled services for Python 3 are now available at the General Availability release level. These APIs can be accessed through language-idiomatic libraries. Calls to these API are billed according to the standard rates.

March 24, 2022

Support for Serverless VPC Access connectors in Shared VPC host projects is now at general availability (GA). Learn about the advantages of this method and how to configure connectors in host projects.

January 28, 2022

Builds are now handled by regional Cloud Build pools within the selected App Engine region. To view build logs, go to Cloud Build in the Cloud Console, select the History page, and select the region you would like to filter by.

November 03, 2021

Egress settings for Serverless VPC Access are now generally available. Egress settings allow you to specify whether or not to send traffic with external destinations through your Serverless VPC Access connector, which is necessary if you want to set up a static outbound IP address for your App Engine service.

September 20, 2021

Previously, Legacy API calls made from the App Engine standard environment after the request had finished would immediately return with an error. API calls after the request has finished are now allowed. These API calls are billed according to the standard rates.

July 21, 2021

Egress settings are now available for Serverless VPC Access. Egress settings allow you to specify whether or not to send traffic with external destinations through your Serverless VPC Access connector, which is necessary if you want to set up a static outbound IP address for your App Engine service.

June 30, 2021

Specifying a user-managed service account for each App Engine version during deployment is now available in preview. This feature lets you grant different privileges to each version, based on the specific tasks it performs, and avoid granting more privileges than necessary.

Requests from newly created or updated App Engine Cron jobs sent to the App Engine standard environment now come from 0.1.0.2. For Cron jobs created with older gcloud versions (earlier than 326.0.0), Cron requests will come from 0.1.0.1. Previously, these requests only came from 0.1.0.1. See Understanding the App Engine firewall for more information.

June 14, 2021

App Engine is now available in the us-west1 (Oregon), asia-southeast1 (Singapore), and asia-east1 (Taiwan) regions.

April 27, 2021

Automatic scaling elements min_instances and min_idle_instances will now only apply to versions of a service that have been configured to receive traffic. This change is to reduce unexpected billing due to instances running old versions that are not intended to receive traffic.

April 14, 2021

Serverless VPC Access support for Shared VPC is now generally available.

April 13, 2021

App Engine is now available in the europe-central2 region (Warsaw).

March 26, 2021

App Engine standard environment provides a new metric, CPU Utilization, which indicates the CPU utilization average over all active instances. For more information, see Google Cloud metrics.

November 12, 2020

You can use network ingress controls so your app only receives requests that are sent from your project's VPC or that are routed through the Cloud Load Balancing load balancer. This feature is now generally available.

September 25, 2020

If you use Cloud Load Balancing, you can use network ingress controls so your app only receives requests that are routed through the load balancer.

July 23, 2020

July 08, 2020

External HTTP(S) Load Balancing is now supported for App Engine via Serverless network endpoint groups. Notably, this feature allows you to use Cloud CDN with App Engine.
This feature is available in Beta.

June 08, 2020

App Engine is now available in the asia-southeast2 region (Jakarta).

May 14, 2020

To get a fine-grained view of billing data for each resource used by your App Engine services, you can apply labels to the services, export your billing data to BigQuery, and run queries. For more information, see Labeling App Engine resources.

May 11, 2020

Updated Python SDK to version 1.9.91.

April 20, 2020

App Engine is now available in the us-west4 region (Las Vegas, NV).

April 13, 2020

Quotas for sockets have been removed. There is no longer a limit on the number of socket connections or the amount of data your Python 2 app can send and receive through a socket.

April 08, 2020

Updated Python SDK to version 1.9.90.

March 25, 2020

Updated Python SDK to version 1.9.89.

March 13, 2020

App Engine is now available in the asia-northeast3 region (Seoul).

March 06, 2020

App Engine is now available in the us-west3 region (Salt Lake City, Utah).

March 05, 2020

Updated Python SDK to version 1.9.89.

February 11, 2020

App Engine is changing the URLs that you use to send requests to your apps. URLs now include a region ID to help Google route your requests more efficiently and reliably. For example, an app can receive requests at https://<var>PROJECT_ID</var>.<var>REGION_ID</var>.r.appspot.com. This new URL is optional for existing apps and is provided for all new apps.

To ensure a smooth transition, we are slowly updating App Engine to use region IDs. If we haven't updated your Google Cloud project yet, you won't see a region ID for your app. Since the ID is optional for existing apps, you don't need to update URLs or make other changes once the region ID is available for your existing apps.

February 06, 2020

  • You can no longer apply new spending limits to projects. Existing spending limits will continue to work. For more information on how you can limit app costs, see Limiting Costs.

December 11, 2019

October 30, 2019

  • Updated Python SDK to version 1.9.87.

July 30, 2019

  • The AppCfg tooling and the legacy standalone App Engine SDK, delivered through the GoogleAppEngineLauncher.dmg, GoogleAppEngine.msi, and google_appengine.zip files, are now deprecated. Google will shut down and remove support on July 30, 2020.

June 03, 2019

  • Updated Python SDK to version 1.9.86.

April 18, 2019

  • App Engine is now available in the asia-northeast2 region (Osaka, Japan).

April 15, 2019

  • App Engine is now available in the europe-west6 region (Zürich, Switzerland).

April 09, 2019

  • Serverless VPC Access is now in beta. Serverless VPC Access enables your app to connect to internal resources in your VPC network, such as Compute Engine VM instances, Memorystore instances, and more.

March 28, 2019

  • Updated Python SDK to version 1.9.85.

March 05, 2019

  • Updated Python SDK to version 1.9.84.

February 13, 2019

  • Updated Python SDK to version 1.9.83.

January 17, 2019

  • Updated Python SDK to version 1.9.82.

January 11, 2019

  • The Python 3 runtime has been updated to version 3.7.2.

January 02, 2019

  • Updated Python SDK to version 1.9.88.

December 21, 2018

  • Added select, mmap, grp, fcntl, spwd modules to the Python interpreter.
  • Added fork, waitpid, chown, execv, fchmod, fchown, ftruncate, kill, lchown, lstat, readline, setuid functions to the os module.

December 14, 2018

December 12, 2018

  • All apps have been switched to BSD network sockets. No changes to apps are required.
  • Updated Python SDK to version 1.9.81.

November 16, 2018

  • nginx is now the default web server. No changes to apps are required.

November 08, 2018

  • Minor bug fixes.
  • Updated Python SDK to version 1.9.80.
  • Updated Python SDK to version 1.9.80.

October 31, 2018

  • The Python 3 runtime has been updated to Python version 3.7.1.
  • The Python 3 runtime supports recursive entries in the requirements.txt file.

October 25, 2018

  • Minor bug fixes.
  • Updated Python SDK to version 1.9.78.

October 22, 2018

  • App Engine is now available in the asia-east2 region (Hong Kong).

October 15, 2018

  • All apps on the Python 2.7 runtime now run in the gVisor sandbox.
  • App Engine is now available in the asia-east2 region (Hong Kong).
  • All Python 2.7 apps now run on 64-bit Python interpreter.

October 04, 2018

  • Updated Python SDK to version 1.9.77.

September 26, 2018

  • Allow using locally installed grpcio as a workaround for import failures on dev_appserver.
  • Updated Python SDK to version 1.9.76.

September 05, 2018

  • Started rolling out Cloud Datastore Emulator as the default local datastore emulation when using the dev_appserver local development server.
  • Updated Python SDK to version 1.9.75.

August 24, 2018

Shutdown of Cloud Endpoints Frameworks v1 is approaching

Cloud Endpoints Frameworks v1 for the App Engine standard environment was deprecated on August 2, 2017. The service is scheduled to be shutdown on September 3, 2018, and the documentation will be removed. To avoid an outage, you must migrate your v1 application. For information on migrating your application to Endpoints Frameworks v2, see the Python Migration Guide.

  • Updated Python SDK to version 1.9.74.

August 14, 2018

  • Minor bug fixes.

August 08, 2018

July 12, 2018

  • Fix a crush that happened when dev_appserver speaked to a running Cloud Datastore Emulator. Previously, the crush happened when the environment variable "DATASTORE_PROJECT_ID" existed in the shell that ran dev_appserver.
  • The local development server now prints the process ID of the running process on startup. You can use the process ID when debugging your app.
  • Updated Python SDK to version 1.9.73.

July 10, 2018

  • App Engine is now available in the us-west2 region (Los Angeles).

July 02, 2018

Fixed a bug in auto scaling configuration where App Engine was aggressively shutting down instances when the max_instances setting was used.

June 28, 2018

  • Purged the DATASTORE_PROJECT_ID environment variable from the local development server (dev_appserver) process. Now dev_appserver can run alongside the Cloud Datastore Emulator.
  • The local development server will now print the process ID of the app process on startup.
  • Updated Python SDK to version 1.9.72.

June 21, 2018

  • Minor bug fixes.
  • Updated Python SDK to version 1.9.71.

May 24, 2018

May 17, 2018

  • Minor bug fixes.
  • Updated Python SDK to version 1.9.70.

May 15, 2018

  • Completed a gradual rollout of an upgrade to the automatic scaling system:
    • Improved efficiency resulting generally in lower instance cost (up to 6% reduction for many users) and up to 30% reduction for loading requests, which are the first request to a new instance.
    • New max instances setting allows you to cap the total number of instances to be scheduled.
    • New min instances setting allows you to specify a minimum number of instance to keep running for your app.
    • New target CPU utilization setting lets you optimize between latency and cost.
    • New target throughput utilization setting lets you optimize for the number of concurrent requests at which new instances are started.
    • No more resident instances in auto scaling. Previously, if you used the min_idle_instances setting, the minimum idle instances were labelled as Resident in the Cloud Console, with the remainder of the instances labelled as Dynamic. The new scheduler simply labels all instances as Dynamic with auto scaling. However, the underlying behavior remains similar to previous behavior. If you use min_idle_instances and enable warmup requests, you will see at least that many dynamic instances running even during periods with no traffic.
    • For more details, see the auto scaling documentation.

April 11, 2018

Python runtime notes

  • Updated Python SDK to version 1.9.69.

April 03, 2018

  • Minor bug fixes.
  • Updated Python SDK to version 1.9.68.

February 14, 2018

Updated Python SDK to version 1.9.67.

January 23, 2018

  • Updated Python SDK to 1.9.66.

December 20, 2017

Python runtime notes

  • Updated Python SDK to version 1.9.65.

December 14, 2017

December 09, 2017

Known problem: Werkzeug 0.13 update adds a module that is not supported by App Engine that results in a ImportError: cannot import name SpooledTemporaryFile error. You can downgrade or pin your app to an earlier version of werkzeug to fix the error. See the linked issue for details.

December 05, 2017

Python runtime notes

  • For all incoming HTTP requests, dev_appserver.py now requires that all HTTP requests must have an HTTP Host header and its value is either localhost, an IPv4 or IPv6 loopback address, or if specified, the value passed in via --host. For HTTP/1.0 only, requests with no Host header are still allowed. To disable host checking, set the --enable_host_checking flag to false. However, it is strongly recommended to leave host checking enabled, as it guards against DNS rebinding attacks.
  • Introduced additional security-header related behavior to the dev_appserver.py admin console:
    • Inbound requests containing an Origin header are rejected.
    • Added the following headers to all responses:
      • X-Frame-Options=SAMEORIGIN
      • X-XSS-Protection=1; mode=block
      • Content-Security-Policy=default-src 'self'; frame-ancestors 'none'
  • Updated Python SDK to version 1.9.64.

November 15, 2017

Python runtime notes

  • Updated Python SDK to version 1.9.63.
  • Updates within the Python SDK to support the Go SDK.

October 31, 2017

  • App Engine is now available in the asia-south1 region (Mumbai, India).

October 25, 2017

  • Minor bug fixes
  • Updated Python SDK to version 1.9.62.

October 11, 2017

September 21, 2017

Python runtime notes

  • Updated pytz to 2017.2
  • Updated Python SDK to version 1.9.61.

September 13, 2017

  • You can now use managed certificates to add SSL to your custom domain. Once you map your custom domain to your application, App Engine provisions an SSL certificate automatically and handles renewing the certificate before it expires and revoking it if you remove the custom domain. Managed certificates are in beta. For more information, see Securing Custom Domains with SSL.

September 05, 2017

  • App Engine is now available in the southamerica-east1 region (São Paulo, Brazil).

Python runtime notes

  • Release includes minor bug fixes.
  • Updated Python SDK to version 1.9.60.

August 30, 2017

  • Updated Python SDK to version 1.9.59.

August 28, 2017

  • This release adds client support for gRPC so that you can connect to gRPC servers from your App Engine application. For more information on how to request and install the grpcio library, see Using third-party libraries.
  • Updated Python SDK to version 1.9.58.

August 01, 2017

  • App Engine is now available in the europe-west3 region (Frankfurt, Germany).

July 18, 2017

  • App Engine is now available in the australia-southeast1 region (Sydney, Australia).

July 01, 2017

  • Updated Python SDK to version 1.9.57.

June 27, 2017

  • Updated Python SDK to version 1.9.56.

June 21, 2017

  • Updated Python SDK to version 1.9.55.

June 15, 2017

  • For MySQLdb, you can now use the utf8mb4 character set.
  • For SSL 2.7.11, if you don't specify the certificate root path, the default is set to /etc/ca-certificates.crt.
  • You can use the PWD module for the Unix password database.

June 06, 2017

  • App Engine is now available in the europe-west2 region (London).

May 22, 2017

  • Updated Python SDK to version 1.9.54.
  • Updated the Python SDK to be based on Python 2.7.12.

May 15, 2017

  • Updated the Python runtime to Python 2.7.12.
  • Modified the SSL certificate validation behavior in the SSL module versioned as 2.7.11 to not validate certificates. This behavior can be controlled by an environment variable PYTHONHTTPSVERIFY, which can be set to 1 to require certificate validation.

May 09, 2017

  • App Engine is now available in the us-east4 region (North Virginia).

April 27, 2017

  • In preparation for the Go 1.8 beta, Go api_versions are mapped to specific GOROOT directories.
  • Updated Python SDK to version 1.9.53.

April 05, 2017

  • Fixed a bug preventing Server Name Indication (SNI) from working for remote API shell.
  • Updated Python SDK to version 1.9.52.

March 20, 2017

  • Support Server Name Indication (SNI) for remote API shell.
  • Updated Python SDK to version 1.9.51.

January 23, 2017

  • Fixed a bug that caused the remote_api_shell.py tool to not work on Cloud Shell.

Updated Python SDK to version 1.9.50.

December 01, 2016

  • Includes pycrypto update to 2.6.1.
  • Includes pytz update to 2016.4.
  • Updated Python SDK to version 1.9.49.

October 27, 2016

  • The Channel and XMPP services are now deprecated. These services will be turned down on October 31, 2017.

August 01, 2016

Admin API notes

  • Version 1 of the Admin API is now generally available.

Version 1.9.42

#####END
######START

2016-08-01

FEATURE

Python 2 runtime notes

  • This release does not include a new Python 2 SDK. Python 2 users should continue to use the 1.9.40 SDK.

July 26, 2016

Python 2 runtime notes

SSL 2.7.11 is now available by default to all apps. If version: 2.7 or version: latest is specified for the ssl library in the app.yaml configuration file, apps will get the 2.7 version. More information about using built-in libraries.

July 18, 2016

Version 1.9.40

  • Version 1.9.39 was skipped.
  • LeaseTasksByTag requests will be limited to 25 requests per second.
  • Server Errors and Client Errors now more accurately reflect per-URL status errors in the App Engine dashboard.
  • New App Engine guided walkthrough in the Cloud Console. Pick your preferred language and launch an interactive tutorial directly in the console.
  • Increases the maximum cron tasks limit to 250.

Python runtime notes

  • Python Endpoints accepts all valid Google ID token issuers.

July 01, 2016

Cloud Datastore

May 25, 2016

Version 1.9.38

  • The error returned by URL Fetch for a request to a port outside of the permitted ranges (80-90, 440-450, 1024-65535) will now always return INVALID_URL as documented.

Cloud Datastore

  • When committing a cross-group transaction, version numbers returned for new or updated entities are all the same. With the previous behavior, entities within the same group committed as part of a cross-group transaction, had the same version number, but entities in different groups might have had different version numbers. This change ensures all new and updated entities have an identical version number, regardless of their entity group, when committed as part of a cross-group transaction. As before, entities that are not updated will not have a new version number.

May 04, 2016

Version 1.9.37

Includes general bug fixes and improvements.

Python runtime notes

  • Includes a new version of the third_party library "ssl" based on Python 2.7.11. The library can be selected with version: "2.7.11" in the libraries section of the app.yaml file.

May 02, 2016

App Engine flexible environment

  • The Ruby runtime is now available for the App Engine flexible environment.

April 18, 2016

Version 1.9.36

In response to your requests, the App Engine Users API joins the rest of App Engine in supporting IAM roles and group expansion. This means that any user who is a project Owner, Editor or Viewer or an App Engine Admin is considered an "admin" by the Users API, regardless of whether the user was granted the role directly or by membership in a group. * This release populates error details, when available, in error messages associated with the "OverQuota" exception type.

Python runtime notes

  • Google no longer accepts quota increase requests for the mail service. Customers should use Sendgrid instead.

March 24, 2016

Version 1.9.35

  • Fixes trace timestamps to match log timestamps.

March 04, 2016

Version 1.9.34

  • Increases default quota for URL fetch for billed apps. Refer to the Quotas page for details.

February 17, 2016

Version 1.9.33

  • The URL path "/form" is now allowed and will be forwarded to applications. Previously, this path was blocked.

February 03, 2016

Version 1.9.32

  • Container construction choices for Managed VMs

    The gcloud preview app deploy (and mvn gcloud:deploy) commands upload your artifacts to our servers and build a container to deploy your app to the Managed VM environment.

    There are two mechanisms for building the container image remotely. The default behavior is to build the container on a transient Compute Engine Virtual Machine which has Docker installed. Alternatively, you can use the Cloud Build service. To use the Cloud Build service, follow these steps:

    1. Activate the Cloud Build API for your project.
    2. Use the command gcloud config set app/use_cloud_build True. This will cause all invocations of gcloud preview app deploy to use the service. (To return to the default behavior, use the command gcloud config set app/use_cloud_build False.

January 14, 2016

Version 1.9.31

App Engine now supports Google Groups: Adding a Google Group as a member of a project grants the members of the group access to App Engine. For example, if a Google Group is an Editor on a project, all members of the group now have Editor access to the App Engine application.

November 30, 2015

Version 1.9.30

Headers for push queue requests made for Task Queue tasks with no payload will now contain a Content-Length entry set to '0'. Previously headers for such requests contained no Content-Length entry.

Python runtime notes

  • Stackdriver Debugger is enabled automatically for Python applications running on App Engine. Try it.

Version 1.9.29

  • Stop calculating and storing queue depth for non-existent queues, queues marked for deletion, and in the case of queue table outages.
  • For developers using the endpoints API, added a discoverable boolean parameter to the @Api annotation to allow users to disable API discovery. Using this feature will prevent some client libraries (e.g. JavaScript) and the API Explorer from working, as they depend on discovery.

October 29, 2015

Version 1.9.28

The Prospective Search API, which was deprecated on July 14, 2015, is now restricted to existing users. It will fully shutdown on December 1, 2015. * Improved accuracy of Geo filtering in Search queries.

Python runtime notes

September 25, 2015

Version 1.9.27

Applications that are newly enabled for billing now default to an unlimited daily budget, and no longer default to a maximum daily budget of $0. This prevents unwanted outages due to running out of budget. To set a ceiling on your application's daily cost, after you enable billing, set a budget in the app engine settings. For more information, see Setting a daily budget.

Datastore

  • Bugfix: Repeated numeric facets are now allowed.
  • Faceted Search is now GA.

August 27, 2015

Version 1.9.26

  • oauth2client library upgraded to version 1.4.2
  • Adds "show in context" menu for MVM application logs that have thread_id or request_id as a field in their log entry. This allows sorting app logs based on either field.
  • Capability to provision applications for current load and configure elastic provisioning based on both VM and application level metrics.
  • Remote API can now be accessed using OAuth2 credentials using https://developers.google.com/identity/protocols/application-default-credentials
  • Use RequestPayloadTooLargeException for URLFetch requests with payloads that are too large.

August 14, 2015

Version 1.9.25

  • Added PyAMF version 0.7.2 (Beta).
  • Admin Console menus start redirecting to Cloud Console. Select services such as the Admin Logs will continue to be available in the Admin Console.
  • Datastore now allows properties to represent the empty list.
  • Failed tasks in queues configured with a retry_limit of zero will no longer be retried.