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Habilita métricas personalizadas definidas por el usuario para el ajuste de escala automático horizontal de Pods

En este tema, se describe cómo configurar las métricas definidas por el usuario para el ajuste de escala automático horizontal de Pods (HPA) en Google Distributed Cloud.

Implementa Prometheus y el adaptador de métricas

En esta sección, implementarás Prometheus para recopilar las métricas definidas por el usuario y prometheus-adapter para entregar la API de métricas personalizadas de Kubernetes con Prometheus como su backend.

Guarda los siguientes manifiestos en un archivo llamado custom-metrics-adapter.yaml.

Contenido del archivo de manifiesto para Prometheus y el adaptador de métricas

# Copyright 2018 Google Inc
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: stackdriver-prometheus
  namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  name: stackdriver-prometheus
  namespace: kube-system
rules:
- apiGroups:
  - ""
  resources:
  - nodes
  - services
  - endpoints
  - pods
  verbs:
  - get
  - list
  - watch
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: stackdriver-prometheus
  namespace: kube-system
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: stackdriver-prometheus
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: stackdriver-prometheus
  namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: stackdriver-prometheus-app
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    app: stackdriver-prometheus-app
spec:
  clusterIP: "None"
  ports:
    - name: http
      port: 9090
      protocol: TCP
      targetPort: 9090
  sessionAffinity: ClientIP
  selector:
    app: stackdriver-prometheus-app
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: stackdriver-prometheus-app
  namespace: kube-system
  labels:
    app: stackdriver-prometheus-app
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: stackdriver-prometheus-app
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: stackdriver-prometheus-app
    spec:
      serviceAccount: stackdriver-prometheus
      containers:
      - name: prometheus-server
        image: prom/prometheus:v2.45.0
        args:
        - "--config.file=/etc/prometheus/config/prometheus.yaml"
        - "--storage.tsdb.path=/data"
        - "--storage.tsdb.retention.time=2h"
        ports:
        - name: prometheus
          containerPort: 9090
        readinessProbe:
          httpGet:
            path: /-/ready
            port: 9090
          periodSeconds: 5
          timeoutSeconds: 3
          # Allow up to 10m on startup for data recovery
          failureThreshold: 120
        livenessProbe:
          httpGet:
            path: /-/healthy
            port: 9090
          periodSeconds: 5
          timeoutSeconds: 3
          failureThreshold: 6
        resources:
          requests:
            cpu: 250m
            memory: 500Mi
        volumeMounts:
        - name: config-volume
          mountPath: /etc/prometheus/config
        - name: stackdriver-prometheus-app-data
          mountPath: /data
      volumes:
      - name: config-volume
        configMap:
          name: stackdriver-prometheus-app
      - name: stackdriver-prometheus-app-data
        emptyDir: {}
      terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 300
      nodeSelector:
        kubernetes.io/os: linux
---
apiVersion: v1
data:
  prometheus.yaml: |
    global:
      scrape_interval: 1m
    rule_files:
    - /etc/config/rules.yaml
    - /etc/config/alerts.yaml
    scrape_configs:
    - job_name: prometheus-io-endpoints
      kubernetes_sd_configs:
      - role: endpoints
      relabel_configs:
      - action: keep
        regex: true
        source_labels:
        - __meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_scrape
      - action: replace
        regex: (.+)
        source_labels:
        - __meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_path
        target_label: __metrics_path__
      - action: replace
        regex: (https?)
        source_labels:
        - __meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_scheme
        target_label: __scheme__
      - action: replace
        regex: ([^:]+)(?::\d+)?;(\d+)
        replacement: $1:$2
        source_labels:
        - __address__
        - __meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_port
        target_label: __address__
      - action: replace
        source_labels:
        - __meta_kubernetes_namespace
        target_label: namespace
      - action: replace
        source_labels:
        - __meta_kubernetes_pod_name
        target_label: pod
      - action: keep
        regex: (.+)
        source_labels:
        - __meta_kubernetes_endpoint_port_name
    - job_name: prometheus-io-services
      kubernetes_sd_configs:
      - role: service
      metrics_path: /probe
      params:
        module:
        - http_2xx
      relabel_configs:
      - action: replace
        source_labels:
        - __address__
        target_label: __param_target
      - action: replace
        replacement: blackbox
        target_label: __address__
      - action: keep
        regex: true
        source_labels:
        - __meta_kubernetes_service_annotation_prometheus_io_probe
      - action: replace
        source_labels:
        - __meta_kubernetes_namespace
        target_label: namespace
      - action: replace
        source_labels:
        - __meta_kubernetes_pod_name
        target_label: pod
    - job_name: prometheus-io-pods
      kubernetes_sd_configs:
      - role: pod
      relabel_configs:
      - action: keep
        regex: true
        source_labels:
        - __meta_kubernetes_pod_annotation_prometheus_io_scrape
      - action: replace
        regex: (.+)
        source_labels:
        - __meta_kubernetes_pod_annotation_prometheus_io_path
        target_label: __metrics_path__
      - action: replace
        regex: ([^:]+)(?::\d+)?;(\d+)
        replacement: $1:$2
        source_labels:
        - __address__
        - __meta_kubernetes_pod_annotation_prometheus_io_port
        target_label: __address__
      - action: replace
        source_labels:
        - __meta_kubernetes_namespace
        target_label: namespace
      - action: replace
        source_labels:
        - __meta_kubernetes_pod_name
        target_label: pod
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: stackdriver-prometheus-app
  namespace: kube-system
---

# The main section of custom metrics adapter.
kind: ServiceAccount
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: custom-metrics-apiserver
  namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: custom-metrics:system:auth-delegator
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: system:auth-delegator
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: custom-metrics-apiserver
  namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  name: custom-metrics-server-resources
rules:
- apiGroups:
  - custom.metrics.k8s.io
  resources: ["*"]
  verbs: ["*"]
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  name: custom-metrics-resource-reader
rules:
- apiGroups:
  - ""
  resources:
  - nodes
  - namespaces
  - pods
  - services
  verbs:
  - get
  - watch
  - list
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: custom-metrics-resource-reader
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: custom-metrics-resource-reader
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: custom-metrics-apiserver
  namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:
  name: custom-metrics-auth-reader
  namespace: kube-system
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: Role
  name: extension-apiserver-authentication-reader
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: custom-metrics-apiserver
  namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: adapter-config
  namespace: kube-system
data:
  config.yaml: |
    rules:
    default: false
      # fliter all metrics
    - seriesQuery: '{pod=~".+"}'
      seriesFilters: []
      resources:
        # resource name is mapped as it is. ex. namespace -> namespace
        template: <<.Resource>>
      name:
        matches: ^(.*)$
        as: ""
      # Aggregate metric on resource level
      metricsQuery: sum(<<.Series>>{<<.LabelMatchers>>}) by (<<.GroupBy>>)
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  labels:
    app: custom-metrics-apiserver
  name: custom-metrics-apiserver
  namespace: kube-system
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: custom-metrics-apiserver
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: custom-metrics-apiserver
      name: custom-metrics-apiserver
    spec:
      serviceAccountName: custom-metrics-apiserver
      containers:
      - name: custom-metrics-apiserver
        resources:
          requests:
            cpu: 15m
            memory: 20Mi
          limits:
            cpu: 100m
            memory: 150Mi
        image: registry.k8s.io/prometheus-adapter/prometheus-adapter:v0.11.0
        args:
        - /adapter
        - --cert-dir=/var/run/serving-cert
        - --secure-port=6443
        - --prometheus-url=http://stackdriver-prometheus-app.kube-system.svc:9090/
        - --metrics-relist-interval=1m
        - --config=/etc/adapter/config.yaml
        ports:
        - containerPort: 6443
        volumeMounts:
        - name: serving-cert
          mountPath: /var/run/serving-cert
        - mountPath: /etc/adapter/
          name: config
          readOnly: true
      nodeSelector:
        kubernetes.io/os: linux
      volumes:
      - name: serving-cert
        emptyDir:
          medium: Memory
      - name: config
        configMap:
          name: adapter-config
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: custom-metrics-apiserver
  namespace: kube-system
spec:
  ports:
  - port: 443
    targetPort: 6443
  selector:
    app: custom-metrics-apiserver
---
apiVersion: apiregistration.k8s.io/v1
kind: APIService
metadata:
  name: v1beta1.custom.metrics.k8s.io
spec:
  service:
    name: custom-metrics-apiserver
    namespace: kube-system
  group: custom.metrics.k8s.io
  version: v1beta1
  insecureSkipTLSVerify: true
  groupPriorityMinimum: 100
  versionPriority: 100
---
apiVersion: apiregistration.k8s.io/v1
kind: APIService
metadata:
  name: v1beta2.custom.metrics.k8s.io
spec:
  service:
    name: custom-metrics-apiserver
    namespace: kube-system
  group: custom.metrics.k8s.io
  version: v1beta2
  insecureSkipTLSVerify: true
  groupPriorityMinimum: 100
  versionPriority: 100
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: hpa-controller-custom-metrics
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: custom-metrics-server-resources
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: horizontal-pod-autoscaler
  namespace: kube-system

Crea el Deployment y el Service:

kubectl --kubeconfig USER_CLUSTER_KUBECONFIG apply -f custom-metrics-adapter.yaml

El siguiente paso es anotar la aplicación de usuario para la recopilación de métricas.

Anota una aplicación de usuario para la recopilación de métricas

Para anotar una aplicación de usuario que se debe recopilar y los registros enviados a Cloud Monitoring, debes agregar annotations correspondiente a los metadatos del servicio, el pod y los extremos.

  metadata:
    name: "example-monitoring"
    namespace: "default"
    annotations:
      prometheus.io/scrape: "true"
      prometheus.io/path: "" - Overriding metrics path (default "/metrics")

Implementa una aplicación de usuario de ejemplo

En esta sección, implementarás una aplicación de ejemplo con registros y métricas compatibles con Prometheus.

Guarda los siguientes manifiestos de Service y Deployment en un archivo llamado my-app.yaml. Ten en cuenta que el Service tiene la anotación prometheus.io/scrape: "true":

kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: "example-monitoring"
  namespace: "default"
  annotations:
    prometheus.io/scrape: "true"
spec:
  selector:
    app: "example-monitoring"
  ports:
    - name: http
      port: 9090
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: "example-monitoring"
  namespace: "default"
  labels:
    app: "example-monitoring"
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector: 
    matchLabels:
      app: "example-monitoring"
  template: 
    metadata: 
      labels:
        app: "example-monitoring"
    spec:
      containers:
      - image: gcr.io/google-samples/prometheus-dummy-exporter:v0.2.0
        name: prometheus-example-exporter
        command:
        - ./prometheus-dummy-exporter
        args:
        - --metric-name=example_monitoring_up
        - --metric-value=1
        - --port=9090
        resources:
          requests:
            cpu: 100m

Crea el Deployment y el Service:

kubectl --kubeconfig USER_CLUSTER_KUBECONFIG apply -f my-app.yaml

Usa las métricas personalizadas en HPA

Implementa el objeto de HPA para usar la métrica expuesta en el paso anterior. Consulta Ajuste de escala automático en varias métricas y métricas personalizadas para obtener información más avanzada sobre diferentes tipos de métricas personalizadas.

apiVersion: autoscaling/v2
kind: HorizontalPodAutoscaler
metadata:
  name: example-monitoring-hpa
  namespace: default
spec:
  scaleTargetRef:
    apiVersion: apps/v1
    kind: Deployment
    name: example-monitoring
  minReplicas: 1
  maxReplicas: 5
  metrics:
  - type: Pods
    pods:
      metric:
        name: example_monitoring_up
      target:
        type: AverageValue
        averageValue: 20

La métrica de tipo de Pods tiene un selector de métricas predeterminado para las etiquetas de los Pods de destino, que es cómo funciona kube‐controller‐manager. En este ejemplo, puedes consultar la métrica example_monitoring_up con un selector de {matchLabels: {app: example-monitoring}}, ya que están disponibles en los pods de destino. Cualquier otro selector especificado se agrega a la lista. Para evitar el selector predeterminado, puedes quitar cualquier etiqueta en el Pod de destino o usar la métrica Tipo de objeto.

Verifica que HPA use las métricas de la aplicación definidas por el usuario

Verifica que HPA use las métricas de la aplicación definidas por el usuario:

kubectl --kubeconfig=USER_CLUSTER_KUBECONFIG describe hpa example-monitoring-hpa

El resultado se verá así:

  Name:               example-monitoring-hpa
  Namespace:          default
  Labels:             
  Annotations:        autoscaling.alpha.kubernetes.io/conditions:
                        [{"type":"AbleToScale","status":"True","lastTransitionTime":"2023-08-23T22:07:24Z","reason":"ReadyForNewScale","message":"recommended size...
                      autoscaling.alpha.kubernetes.io/current-metrics: [{"type":"Pods","pods":{"metricName":"example_monitoring_up","currentAverageValue":"1"}}]
                      autoscaling.alpha.kubernetes.io/metrics: [{"type":"Pods","pods":{"metricName":"example_monitoring_up","targetAverageValue":"20"}}]
  CreationTimestamp:  Wed, 23 Aug 2023 22:07:09 +0000
  Reference:          Deployment/example-monitoring
  Min replicas:       1
  Max replicas:       5
  Deployment pods:    1 current / 1 desired

Costos

El uso de métricas personalizadas para el HPA no genera cargos adicionales de Cloud Monitoring. Los Pods para habilitar métricas personalizadas consumen más CPU y memoria en función de la cantidad de métricas que recopila.