Record real-time user events

This page describes how to record user events in real time. User events are required for media recommendations. If you don't use media recommendations, importing user events isn't required. However, recording user events is recommended for media search apps.

For the user event types that you can record, see the eventType field of the userEvents object. By ingesting user events, you can improve the quality of your recommendations as well as the ranking of your search results. Results with higher click-through rates are boosted, while results with lower click-through rates are buried. Don't record user events for documents that you have not yet imported.

If you are using a search app with multiple data stores attached, then Google recommends that you ingest user events at the location level instead of the data store level. This allows a given user event to be sent to the data store that it's associated with. To ingest user events with documents from different dataStores at the location level rather than data store level, see userEvents.write.

To import historical user events in bulk, see Import historical user events.

You can record user events in the following ways:

• With a JavaScript pixel.
• With the userEvents.write method.

For the JSON representation for user events, see userEvents in the API reference.

Note: The widget can't record user events.

Before you begin

Before you import user events:

• Create a data store and an app.
• Review About user events for user event requirements.

Record real-time user events with a JavaScript pixel

To record user events with a JavaScript pixel:

1. Create an API key for calls to the userEvents.Collect method
2. See JavaScript pixel example for an example of a JavaScript tag that collects user events

Create an API key

An API key is required if you use a JavaScript pixel to collect user events from users' browsers.

To create an API key for calls to the userEvents.Collect method, complete the following steps:

1. In the Google Cloud console, go to the Credentials page.

   Go to the Credentials page

2. In the project drop-down at the top of the Google Cloud console page, select your project (the project might already be selected).

3. Click Create credentials and then select API key. Don't add any referrer restrictions. Some user privacy settings are known to not pass the referrer URL.

   • Take note of the generated API key, which you will use when calling user event logging.

4. For increased security, add an HTTP restriction to your API Key to restrict access to the Vertex AI Agent Builder service at https://discoveryengine.googleapis.com/*.

Note: The API key is only for authenticating the userEvents.Collect method. Other Vertex AI Agent Builder methods require OAuth 2.0 through a service account or a user account.

JavaScript pixel example

The following example records a view-item user event using a JavaScript pixel.

For the JSON representation for user events, see userEvents in the API reference.

<script type="text/javascript">
var user_event = {
  "eventType" : "view-item",
  "userPseudoId": "USER_PSEUDO_ID",
  "userInfo": {
      "userId": "USER_ID"
  },
  "attributionToken": "ATTRIBUTION_TOKEN",
  "tagIds": "TAG_ID",
  "documents": [
      {
        "id": "DOCUMENT_ID"
      }
  ]
};

var _gre = _gre || {};
// Credentials for project.
_gre.apiKey = '[API_KEY]';
_gre.logEvent = user_event;
_gre.projectId = 'PROJECT_ID';
_gre.locationId = 'LOCATION_ID';
_gre.dataStoreId = 'DATA_STORE_ID';

(function() {
  var gre = document.createElement('script'); gre.type = 'text/javascript'; gre.async = true;
  gre.src = 'https://www.gstatic.com/discoveryengine/v1beta_event.js';
  var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(gre, s);
})();

</script>

Record real-time user events with the userEvents.write method

REST

You can use the userEvents.write method to send user events directly to the API from your backend server.

To record user events, send a POST request to the userEvents.write method and provide the appropriate request body. For the JSON representation for user events, see userEvents in the API reference.

If you have an app with multiple data stores, Google recommends that you ingest events at the location level. In this case, use the endpoint https://discoveryengine.googleapis.com/v1beta/projects/PROJECT_NUMBER/locations/LOCATION/userEvents:write.

export GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS=/tmp/my-key.json
curl -X POST \
     -H "Authorization: Bearer $(gcloud auth print-access-token)" \
     -H "Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8" \
     --data "{
         'eventType': 'view-item',
         'userPseudoId': 'visitor0',
         'eventTime': '2020-01-01T03:33:33.000001Z',
         'tagIds': ['321'],
         'attributionToken': 'ABC',
         'attributes': {
            'example_text_attribute': {
              'text': ['text_1', 'text_2']
            },
            'example_number_attribute': {
               'numbers': [3.14, 42, 1.2345]
            }
         },
         'documents': [{
            'id': 'abc'
          }],
         'userInfo': {
           'userId': 'abc',
           'userAgent': 'Mozilla/5.0'
         },
         'pageInfo': {
          'uri': 'http://example',
          'referrerUri': 'http://example',
          'pageViewId': 'currentPageUri'
        }
}" \\
"https://discoveryengine.googleapis.com/v1beta/projects/PROJECT_NUMBER/locations/global/dataStores/DATA_STORE_ID/userEvents:write"

C#

For more information, see the Vertex AI Agent Builder C# API reference documentation.

To authenticate to Vertex AI Agent Builder, set up Application Default Credentials. For more information, see Set up authentication for a local development environment.

using Google.Cloud.DiscoveryEngine.V1;

public sealed partial class GeneratedUserEventServiceClientSnippets
{
    /// <summary>Snippet for WriteUserEvent</summary>
    /// <remarks>
    /// This snippet has been automatically generated and should be regarded as a code template only.
    /// It will require modifications to work:
    /// - It may require correct/in-range values for request initialization.
    /// - It may require specifying regional endpoints when creating the service client as shown in
    ///   https://cloud.google.com/dotnet/docs/reference/help/client-configuration#endpoint.
    /// </remarks>
    public void WriteUserEventRequestObject()
    {
        // Create client
        UserEventServiceClient userEventServiceClient = UserEventServiceClient.Create();
        // Initialize request argument(s)
        WriteUserEventRequest request = new WriteUserEventRequest
        {
            ParentAsDataStoreName = DataStoreName.FromProjectLocationDataStore("[PROJECT]", "[LOCATION]", "[DATA_STORE]"),
            UserEvent = new UserEvent(),
            WriteAsync = false,
        };
        // Make the request
        UserEvent response = userEventServiceClient.WriteUserEvent(request);
    }
}

Go

For more information, see the Vertex AI Agent Builder Go API reference documentation.

To authenticate to Vertex AI Agent Builder, set up Application Default Credentials. For more information, see Set up authentication for a local development environment.

package main

import (
	"context"

	discoveryengine "cloud.google.com/go/discoveryengine/apiv1"
	discoveryenginepb "cloud.google.com/go/discoveryengine/apiv1/discoveryenginepb"
)

func main() {
	ctx := context.Background()
	// This snippet has been automatically generated and should be regarded as a code template only.
	// It will require modifications to work:
	// - It may require correct/in-range values for request initialization.
	// - It may require specifying regional endpoints when creating the service client as shown in:
	//   https://pkg.go.dev/cloud.google.com/go#hdr-Client_Options
	c, err := discoveryengine.NewUserEventClient(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		// TODO: Handle error.
	}
	defer c.Close()

	req := &discoveryenginepb.WriteUserEventRequest{
		// TODO: Fill request struct fields.
		// See https://pkg.go.dev/cloud.google.com/go/discoveryengine/apiv1/discoveryenginepb#WriteUserEventRequest.
	}
	resp, err := c.WriteUserEvent(ctx, req)
	if err != nil {
		// TODO: Handle error.
	}
	// TODO: Use resp.
	_ = resp
}

Java

For more information, see the Vertex AI Agent Builder Java API reference documentation.

To authenticate to Vertex AI Agent Builder, set up Application Default Credentials. For more information, see Set up authentication for a local development environment.

import com.google.cloud.discoveryengine.v1.DataStoreName;
import com.google.cloud.discoveryengine.v1.UserEvent;
import com.google.cloud.discoveryengine.v1.UserEventServiceClient;
import com.google.cloud.discoveryengine.v1.WriteUserEventRequest;

public class SyncWriteUserEvent {

  public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
    syncWriteUserEvent();
  }

  public static void syncWriteUserEvent() throws Exception {
    // This snippet has been automatically generated and should be regarded as a code template only.
    // It will require modifications to work:
    // - It may require correct/in-range values for request initialization.
    // - It may require specifying regional endpoints when creating the service client as shown in
    // https://cloud.google.com/java/docs/setup#configure_endpoints_for_the_client_library
    try (UserEventServiceClient userEventServiceClient = UserEventServiceClient.create()) {
      WriteUserEventRequest request =
          WriteUserEventRequest.newBuilder()
              .setParent(
                  DataStoreName.ofProjectLocationDataStoreName(
                          "[PROJECT]", "[LOCATION]", "[DATA_STORE]")
                      .toString())
              .setUserEvent(UserEvent.newBuilder().build())
              .setWriteAsync(true)
              .build();
      UserEvent response = userEventServiceClient.writeUserEvent(request);
    }
  }
}

Python

For more information, see the Vertex AI Agent Builder Python API reference documentation.

To authenticate to Vertex AI Agent Builder, set up Application Default Credentials. For more information, see Set up authentication for a local development environment.

# This snippet has been automatically generated and should be regarded as a
# code template only.
# It will require modifications to work:
# - It may require correct/in-range values for request initialization.
# - It may require specifying regional endpoints when creating the service
#   client as shown in:
#   https://googleapis.dev/python/google-api-core/latest/client_options.html
from google.cloud import discoveryengine_v1


def sample_write_user_event():
    # Create a client
    client = discoveryengine_v1.UserEventServiceClient()

    # Initialize request argument(s)
    request = discoveryengine_v1.WriteUserEventRequest(
        parent="parent_value",
    )

    # Make the request
    response = client.write_user_event(request=request)

    # Handle the response
    print(response)

Ruby

For more information, see the Vertex AI Agent Builder Ruby API reference documentation.

To authenticate to Vertex AI Agent Builder, set up Application Default Credentials. For more information, see Set up authentication for a local development environment.

require "google/cloud/discovery_engine/v1"

##
# Snippet for the write_user_event call in the UserEventService service
#
# This snippet has been automatically generated and should be regarded as a code
# template only. It will require modifications to work:
# - It may require correct/in-range values for request initialization.
# - It may require specifying regional endpoints when creating the service
# client as shown in https://cloud.google.com/ruby/docs/reference.
#
# This is an auto-generated example demonstrating basic usage of
# Google::Cloud::DiscoveryEngine::V1::UserEventService::Client#write_user_event.
#
def write_user_event
  # Create a client object. The client can be reused for multiple calls.
  client = Google::Cloud::DiscoveryEngine::V1::UserEventService::Client.new

  # Create a request. To set request fields, pass in keyword arguments.
  request = Google::Cloud::DiscoveryEngine::V1::WriteUserEventRequest.new

  # Call the write_user_event method.
  result = client.write_user_event request

  # The returned object is of type Google::Cloud::DiscoveryEngine::V1::UserEvent.
  p result
end