Como escrever DAGs (fluxos de trabalho)

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import datetime

from airflow import models
default_dag_args = {
    # The start_date describes when a DAG is valid / can be run. Set this to a
    # fixed point in time rather than dynamically, since it is evaluated every
    # time a DAG is parsed. See:
    # https://airflow.apache.org/faq.html#what-s-the-deal-with-start-date
    'start_date': datetime.datetime(2018, 1, 1),
}

# Define a DAG (directed acyclic graph) of tasks.
# Any task you create within the context manager is automatically added to the
# DAG object.
with models.DAG(
        'composer_sample_simple_greeting',
        schedule_interval=datetime.timedelta(days=1),
        default_args=default_dag_args) as dag:

Airflow 1

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import datetime

from airflow import models
default_dag_args = {
    # The start_date describes when a DAG is valid / can be run. Set this to a
    # fixed point in time rather than dynamically, since it is evaluated every
    # time a DAG is parsed. See:
    # https://airflow.apache.org/faq.html#what-s-the-deal-with-start-date
    'start_date': datetime.datetime(2018, 1, 1),
}

# Define a DAG (directed acyclic graph) of tasks.
# Any task you create within the context manager is automatically added to the
# DAG object.
with models.DAG(
        'composer_sample_simple_greeting',
        schedule_interval=datetime.timedelta(days=1),
        default_args=default_dag_args) as dag:

Os operadores, para descrever o trabalho a ser feito. A instanciação de um operador é chamada de tarefa (em inglês).

Airflow 2

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from airflow.operators import bash_operator
from airflow.operators import python_operator
    def greeting():
        import logging
        logging.info('Hello World!')

    # An instance of an operator is called a task. In this case, the
    # hello_python task calls the "greeting" Python function.
    hello_python = python_operator.PythonOperator(
        task_id='hello',
        python_callable=greeting)

    # Likewise, the goodbye_bash task calls a Bash script.
    goodbye_bash = bash_operator.BashOperator(
        task_id='bye',
        bash_command='echo Goodbye.')

Airflow 1

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from airflow.operators import bash_operator
from airflow.operators import python_operator
    def greeting():
        import logging
        logging.info('Hello World!')

    # An instance of an operator is called a task. In this case, the
    # hello_python task calls the "greeting" Python function.
    hello_python = python_operator.PythonOperator(
        task_id='hello',
        python_callable=greeting)

    # Likewise, the goodbye_bash task calls a Bash script.
    goodbye_bash = bash_operator.BashOperator(
        task_id='bye',
        bash_command='echo Goodbye.')

Relações de tarefa para descrever a ordem em que o trabalho será concluído.

Airflow 2

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# Define the order in which the tasks complete by using the >> and <<
# operators. In this example, hello_python executes before goodbye_bash.
hello_python >> goodbye_bash

Airflow 1

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# Define the order in which the tasks complete by using the >> and <<
# operators. In this example, hello_python executes before goodbye_bash.
hello_python >> goodbye_bash

O fluxo de trabalho a seguir é um exemplo completo de trabalho e é composto por duas tarefas: uma tarefa hello_python e uma goodbye_bash:

Airflow 2

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from __future__ import print_function

import datetime

from airflow import models
from airflow.operators import bash_operator
from airflow.operators import python_operator

default_dag_args = {
    # The start_date describes when a DAG is valid / can be run. Set this to a
    # fixed point in time rather than dynamically, since it is evaluated every
    # time a DAG is parsed. See:
    # https://airflow.apache.org/faq.html#what-s-the-deal-with-start-date
    'start_date': datetime.datetime(2018, 1, 1),
}

# Define a DAG (directed acyclic graph) of tasks.
# Any task you create within the context manager is automatically added to the
# DAG object.
with models.DAG(
        'composer_sample_simple_greeting',
        schedule_interval=datetime.timedelta(days=1),
        default_args=default_dag_args) as dag:
    def greeting():
        import logging
        logging.info('Hello World!')

    # An instance of an operator is called a task. In this case, the
    # hello_python task calls the "greeting" Python function.
    hello_python = python_operator.PythonOperator(
        task_id='hello',
        python_callable=greeting)

    # Likewise, the goodbye_bash task calls a Bash script.
    goodbye_bash = bash_operator.BashOperator(
        task_id='bye',
        bash_command='echo Goodbye.')

    # Define the order in which the tasks complete by using the >> and <<
    # operators. In this example, hello_python executes before goodbye_bash.
    hello_python >> goodbye_bash

Airflow 1

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from __future__ import print_function

import datetime

from airflow import models
from airflow.operators import bash_operator
from airflow.operators import python_operator

default_dag_args = {
    # The start_date describes when a DAG is valid / can be run. Set this to a
    # fixed point in time rather than dynamically, since it is evaluated every
    # time a DAG is parsed. See:
    # https://airflow.apache.org/faq.html#what-s-the-deal-with-start-date
    'start_date': datetime.datetime(2018, 1, 1),
}

# Define a DAG (directed acyclic graph) of tasks.
# Any task you create within the context manager is automatically added to the
# DAG object.
with models.DAG(
        'composer_sample_simple_greeting',
        schedule_interval=datetime.timedelta(days=1),
        default_args=default_dag_args) as dag:
    def greeting():
        import logging
        logging.info('Hello World!')

    # An instance of an operator is called a task. In this case, the
    # hello_python task calls the "greeting" Python function.
    hello_python = python_operator.PythonOperator(
        task_id='hello',
        python_callable=greeting)

    # Likewise, the goodbye_bash task calls a Bash script.
    goodbye_bash = bash_operator.BashOperator(
        task_id='bye',
        bash_command='echo Goodbye.')

    # Define the order in which the tasks complete by using the >> and <<
    # operators. In this example, hello_python executes before goodbye_bash.
    hello_python >> goodbye_bash

Consulte o tutorial e os conceitos do Airflow para mais informações sobre a definição de DAGs.

Operadores

Nos exemplos a seguir, você vê alguns operadores conhecidos do Airflow. Para ter uma referência autoritativa deles, consulte a referência da API Apache Airflow (em inglês) ou veja o código-fonte dos operadores core, contrib e providers.

BashOperator

Use o BashOperator para executar programas da linha de comando.

Airflow 2

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from airflow.operators import bash

    # Create BigQuery output dataset.
    make_bq_dataset = bash.BashOperator(
        task_id="make_bq_dataset",
        # Executing 'bq' command requires Google Cloud SDK which comes
        # preinstalled in Cloud Composer.
        bash_command=f"bq ls {bq_dataset_name} || bq mk {bq_dataset_name}",
    )

Airflow 1

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from airflow.operators import bash_operator

    # Create BigQuery output dataset.
    make_bq_dataset = bash_operator.BashOperator(
        task_id="make_bq_dataset",
        # Executing 'bq' command requires Google Cloud SDK which comes
        # preinstalled in Cloud Composer.
        bash_command="bq ls {} || bq mk {}".format(bq_dataset_name, bq_dataset_name),
    )

O Cloud Composer executa os comandos fornecidos em um script "Bash" em um worker. O worker é um contêiner do Docker baseado no Debian e inclui vários pacotes.

PythonOperator

Use o PythonOperator para executar o código arbitrário do Python.

O Cloud Composer executa o código do Python em um contêiner que inclui pacotes da versão de imagem do Cloud Composer usada no seu ambiente.

Para instalar mais pacotes Python, consulte Como instalar dependências do Python.

Operadores do Google Cloud

Use os operadores do Google Cloud Airflow para executar tarefas que usam produtos do Google Cloud. O Cloud Composer configura automaticamente uma conexão do Airflow no projeto do ambiente.

Os operadores do BigQuery consultam e processam dados no BigQuery.

Airflow 2

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from airflow.providers.google.cloud.operators import bigquery
from airflow.providers.google.cloud.transfers import bigquery_to_gcs

    bq_recent_questions_query = bigquery.BigQueryInsertJobOperator(
        task_id="bq_recent_questions_query",
        configuration={
            "query": {
                "query": RECENT_QUESTIONS_QUERY,
                "useLegacySql": False,
                "destinationTable": {
                    "projectId": project_id,
                    "datasetId": bq_dataset_name,
                    "tableId": bq_recent_questions_table_id,
                },
            }
        },
        location=location,
    )

Airflow 1

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from airflow.contrib.operators import bigquery_operator

    # Query recent StackOverflow questions.
    bq_recent_questions_query = bigquery_operator.BigQueryOperator(
        task_id="bq_recent_questions_query",
        sql="""
        SELECT owner_display_name, title, view_count
        FROM `bigquery-public-data.stackoverflow.posts_questions`
        WHERE creation_date < CAST('{max_date}' AS TIMESTAMP)
            AND creation_date >= CAST('{min_date}' AS TIMESTAMP)
        ORDER BY view_count DESC
        LIMIT 100
        """.format(
            max_date=max_query_date, min_date=min_query_date
        ),
        use_legacy_sql=False,
        destination_dataset_table=bq_recent_questions_table_id,
    )

Operadores do Dataflow executam jobs do Apache Beam no Dataflow.
Operadores do Cloud Data Fusion gerenciam e executam pipelines do Cloud Data Fusion.
Operadores Dataproc executam jobs do Hadoop e do Spark no Dataproc.
Operadores do Datastore lêem e gravam dados no Datastore.
Os operadores do AI Platform (em inglês) executam jobs de treinamento e predição no AI Platform.
Os operadores do Cloud Storage (em inglês) leem e gravam dados no Cloud Storage.

EmailOperator

Use o EmailOperator para enviar e-mails de um DAG. Para enviar e-mails de um ambiente do Cloud Composer, você precisa configurar seu ambiente para usar o SendGrid.

Airflow 2

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from airflow.operators import email

    # Send email confirmation (you will need to set up the email operator
    # See https://cloud.google.com/composer/docs/how-to/managing/creating#notification
    # for more info on configuring the email operator in Cloud Composer)
    email_summary = email.EmailOperator(
        task_id="email_summary",
        to="{{var.value.email}}",
        subject="Sample BigQuery notify data ready",
        html_content="""
        Analyzed Stack Overflow posts data from {min_date} 12AM to {max_date}
        12AM. The most popular question was '{question_title}' with
        {view_count} views. Top 100 questions asked are now available at:
        {export_location}.
        """.format(
            min_date=min_query_date,
            max_date=max_query_date,
            question_title=(
                "{{ ti.xcom_pull(task_ids='bq_read_most_popular', "
                "key='return_value')[0][0] }}"
            ),
            view_count=(
                "{{ ti.xcom_pull(task_ids='bq_read_most_popular', "
                "key='return_value')[0][1] }}"
            ),
            export_location=output_file,
        ),
    )

Airflow 1

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from airflow.operators import email_operator

    # Send email confirmation
    email_summary = email_operator.EmailOperator(
        task_id="email_summary",
        to="{{var.value.email}}",
        subject="Sample BigQuery notify data ready",
        html_content="""
        Analyzed Stack Overflow posts data from {min_date} 12AM to {max_date}
        12AM. The most popular question was '{question_title}' with
        {view_count} views. Top 100 questions asked are now available at:
        {export_location}.
        """.format(
            min_date=min_query_date,
            max_date=max_query_date,
            question_title=(
                "{{ ti.xcom_pull(task_ids='bq_read_most_popular', "
                "key='return_value')[0][0] }}"
            ),
            view_count=(
                "{{ ti.xcom_pull(task_ids='bq_read_most_popular', "
                "key='return_value')[0][1] }}"
            ),
            export_location=output_file,
        ),
    )

Notificações

Defina email_on_failure como True para enviar uma notificação por e-mail quando um operador no DAG falhar. Para enviar notificações por e-mail de um ambiente do Cloud Composer, você precisa configurar o ambiente para usar o SendGrid.

Airflow 2

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from airflow import models

default_dag_args = {
    "start_date": yesterday,
    # Email whenever an Operator in the DAG fails.
    "email": "{{var.value.email}}",
    "email_on_failure": True,
    "email_on_retry": False,
    "retries": 1,
    "retry_delay": datetime.timedelta(minutes=5),
    "project_id": project_id,
}

with models.DAG(
    "composer_sample_bq_notify",
    schedule_interval=datetime.timedelta(weeks=4),
    default_args=default_dag_args,
) as dag:

Airflow 1