在可用區內,讓 VM 主機彼此之間的實體距離更近,可減少 VM 之間的網路延遲。這項效能優勢特別適合用於工作緊密結合的作業,例如使用 MPI 程式庫通訊的作業。建立作業時,您可以選擇指定密集配置政策,要求作業的 VM 彼此靠近。否則,預設 VM 放置位置通常會將 VM 分散到不同主機,以盡量減少電源故障的影響。
{"taskGroups":[{"taskSpec":{"runnables":[{"script":{"text":"echo Hello world from task ${BATCH_TASK_INDEX}"}}]},"taskCount":3}],"allocationPolicy":{"placement":{"collocation":"COLLOCATED"}},"logsPolicy":{"destination":"CLOUD_LOGGING"}}
對 jobs.create 方法發出 POST 要求,將 collocation 欄位設為 COLLOCATED。
舉例來說,如要建立指定精簡放置政策的基本指令碼工作,請提出下列要求:
POSThttps://batch.googleapis.com/v1/projects/PROJECT_ID/locations/LOCATION/jobs?job_id=JOB_NAME{"taskGroups":[{"taskSpec":{"runnables":[{"script":{"text":"echo Hello world from task ${BATCH_TASK_INDEX}"}}]},"taskCount":3}],"allocationPolicy":{"placement":{"collocation":"COLLOCATED"}},"logsPolicy":{"destination":"CLOUD_LOGGING"}}
[[["容易理解","easyToUnderstand","thumb-up"],["確實解決了我的問題","solvedMyProblem","thumb-up"],["其他","otherUp","thumb-up"]],[["難以理解","hardToUnderstand","thumb-down"],["資訊或程式碼範例有誤","incorrectInformationOrSampleCode","thumb-down"],["缺少我需要的資訊/範例","missingTheInformationSamplesINeed","thumb-down"],["翻譯問題","translationIssue","thumb-down"],["其他","otherDown","thumb-down"]],["上次更新時間:2025-09-05 (世界標準時間)。"],[[["\u003cp\u003eSpecifying a compact placement policy reduces network latency between a job's virtual machines (VMs) by ensuring they are located on physically closer hosts within a zone.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eCompact placement policies are beneficial for jobs with tightly coupled tasks, especially those that utilize MPI libraries for communication.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eBatch automatically creates and manages compact placement policies when specified, without the ability to use a pre-existing one or specifying the number of VMs.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eYou can set a compact placement policy for a job by setting the \u003ccode\u003ecollocation\u003c/code\u003e field to \u003ccode\u003eCOLLOCATED\u003c/code\u003e in the job configuration, either through the gcloud CLI or the Batch API.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eBefore creating a job, ensure you have the necessary permissions, which includes the Batch Job Editor role and the Service Account User role.\u003c/p\u003e\n"]]],[],null,["# Reduce latency by using compact placement policies\n\nThis document explains how to reduce network latency among a job's VMs by\nspecifying a compact placement policy.\n\nHaving VM hosts that are physically closer to each other within a\n[zone](/compute/docs/regions-zones#zones_and_clusters) can reduce\nnetwork latency between VMs. This performance benefit can be especially useful\nfor jobs with tightly coupled tasks, such as\n[tasks that communicate using MPI libraries](/batch/docs/create-run-job-mpi-library).\nWhen you create a job, you can optionally require a job's VMs to be located\ncloser to each other by specifying a compact placement policy.\nOtherwise, default VM placement typically distributes VMs across\nseparate hosts to help minimize the impact of power failures.\n\nTo learn more about compact placement policies, see\n[About placement policies](/compute/docs/instances/placement-policies-overview)\nin the Compute Engine documentation.\n\nBefore you begin\n----------------\n\n1. If you haven't used Batch before, review [Get started with Batch](/batch/docs/get-started) and enable Batch by completing the [prerequisites for projects and users](/batch/docs/get-started#prerequisites).\n2.\n\n To get the permissions that\n you need to create a job,\n\n ask your administrator to grant you the\n following IAM roles:\n\n - [Batch Job Editor](/iam/docs/roles-permissions/batch#batch.jobsEditor) (`roles/batch.jobsEditor`) on the project\n - [Service Account User](/iam/docs/roles-permissions/iam#iam.serviceAccountUser) (`roles/iam.serviceAccountUser`) on the [job's service account](/batch/docs/create-run-job-custom-service-account#create-job-service-account), which by default is the [default Compute Engine service account](/compute/docs/access/service-accounts#default_service_account)\n\n\n For more information about granting roles, see [Manage access to projects, folders, and organizations](/iam/docs/granting-changing-revoking-access).\n\n\n You might also be able to get\n the required permissions through [custom\n roles](/iam/docs/creating-custom-roles) or other [predefined\n roles](/iam/docs/roles-overview#predefined).\n\n\u003cbr /\u003e\n\nRestrictions\n------------\n\nIn addition to the\n[general restrictions for compact placement policies](/compute/docs/instances/placement-policies-overview#restrictions-compact-policies),\nBatch also has the following restrictions:\n\n- When you specify for a job to use a compact placement policy, Batch automatically creates and deletes a compact placement policy for the job's VMs. You can't specify an existing compact placement policy for a job.\n- You can't specify a number of VMs for the compact placement policy. The compact placement policy for a job applies regardless of how many VMs the job runs on.\n\nCreate and run a job that uses a placement policy\n-------------------------------------------------\n\nYou can specify for a job to use a compact placement policy by setting the\n[`collocation` field](/batch/docs/reference/rest/v1/projects.locations.jobs#PlacementPolicy.FIELDS.collocation)\nto `COLLOCATED` using the gcloud CLI or Batch API. \n\n### gcloud\n\n1. Create a JSON file that specifies the job's configuration details and sets\n the `collocation` field to `COLLOCATED`.\n\n For example, to create a basic script job that specifies a\n compact placement policy, create a JSON file with the following contents: \n\n {\n \"taskGroups\": [\n {\n \"taskSpec\": {\n \"runnables\": [\n {\n \"script\": {\n \"text\": \"echo Hello world from task ${BATCH_TASK_INDEX}\"\n }\n }\n ]\n },\n \"taskCount\": 3\n }\n ],\n \"allocationPolicy\": {\n \"placement\": {\n \"collocation\": \"COLLOCATED\"\n }\n },\n \"logsPolicy\": {\n \"destination\": \"CLOUD_LOGGING\"\n }\n }\n\n2. To create and run the job, use the\n [`gcloud batch jobs submit` command](/sdk/gcloud/reference/batch/jobs/submit):\n\n gcloud batch jobs submit \u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eJOB_NAME\u003c/var\u003e \\\n --location \u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eLOCATION\u003c/var\u003e \\\n --config \u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eJSON_CONFIGURATION_FILE\u003c/var\u003e\n\n Replace the following:\n - \u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eJOB_NAME\u003c/var\u003e: the name of the job.\n\n - \u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eLOCATION\u003c/var\u003e: the [location](/batch/docs/locations)\n of the job.\n\n - \u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eJSON_CONFIGURATION_FILE\u003c/var\u003e: the path for a JSON\n file with the job's configuration details.\n\n### API\n\nMake a `POST` request to the\n[`jobs.create` method](/batch/docs/reference/rest/v1/projects.locations.jobs/create)\nthat sets the `collocation` field to `COLLOCATED`.\n\nFor example, to create a basic script job that specifies a\ncompact placement policy, make the following request: \n\n POST https://batch.googleapis.com/v1/projects/\u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003ePROJECT_ID\u003c/var\u003e/locations/\u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eLOCATION\u003c/var\u003e/jobs?job_id=\u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eJOB_NAME\u003c/var\u003e\n\n {\n \"taskGroups\": [\n {\n \"taskSpec\": {\n \"runnables\": [\n {\n \"script\": {\n \"text\": \"echo Hello world from task ${BATCH_TASK_INDEX}\"\n }\n }\n ]\n },\n \"taskCount\": 3\n }\n ],\n \"allocationPolicy\": {\n \"placement\": {\n \"collocation\": \"COLLOCATED\"\n }\n },\n \"logsPolicy\": {\n \"destination\": \"CLOUD_LOGGING\"\n }\n }\n\nReplace the following:\n\n- \u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003ePROJECT_ID\u003c/var\u003e: the\n [project ID](/resource-manager/docs/creating-managing-projects#identifying_projects)\n of your project.\n\n- \u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eLOCATION\u003c/var\u003e: the [location](/batch/docs/locations)\n of the job.\n\n- \u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eJOB_NAME\u003c/var\u003e: the name of the job.\n\nWhat's next\n-----------\n\n- If you have issues creating or running a job, see [Troubleshooting](/batch/docs/troubleshooting).\n- [View jobs and tasks](/batch/docs/view-jobs-tasks).\n- Learn about more [job creation options](/batch/docs/create-run-job#job-creation-options)."]]