Introducing QUIC support for HTTPS load balancing
Ian Swett
Software Engineer
Michael Behr
Software Engineer
QUIC’s key features include establishing connections faster, stream-based multiplexing, improved loss recovery, and no head-of-line blocking. QUIC is designed with mobility in mind, and supports migrating connections from WiFi to Cellular and back.
Benefits of QUIC
If your service is sensitive to latency, QUIC will make it faster because of the way it establishes connections. When a web client uses TCP and TLS, it requires two to three round trips with a server to establish a secure connection before the browser can send a request. With QUIC, if a client has talked to a given server before, it can start sending data without any round trips, so your web pages will load faster. How much faster? On a well-optimized site like Google Search, connections are often pre-established, so QUIC’s faster connections can only speed up some requests—but QUIC still improves mean page load time by 8% globally, and up to 13% in regions where latency is higher.
Like HTTP/2, QUIC multiplexes multiple streams into one connection, so that a connection can serve several HTTP requests simultaneously. But HTTP/2 uses TCP as its transport, so all of its streams can be blocked when a single TCP packet is lost—a problem called head-of-line blocking. QUIC is different: Loss of a UDP packet within a QUIC connection only affects the streams contained within that packet. In other words, QUIC won’t let a problem with one request slow the others down, even on an unreliable connection.
Enabling QUIC
You can enable QUIC in your load balancer with a single setting in the GCP Console. Just edit the frontend configuration for your load balancer and enable QUIC negotiation for the IP and port you want to use, and you’re done.
You can also enable QUIC using gcloud:
Once you’ve enabled QUIC, your load balancer negotiates QUIC with clients that support it, like Google Chrome and Chromium. Clients that do not support QUIC continue to use HTTPS seamlessly. If you distribute your own mobile client, you can integrate Cronet to gain QUIC support. The load balancer translates QUIC to HTTP/1.1 for your backend servers, just like traffic with any other protocol, so you don’t need to make any changes to your backends—all you need to do is enable QUIC in your load balancer.
The Future of QUIC
QUIC is designed to evolve over time. A client and server can negotiate which version of QUIC to use, and as the IETF QUIC specifications become more stable and members reach clear consensus on key decisions, we’ve used that version negotiation to keep pace with the current IETF drafts. Future planned versions will also include features such as partial reliability, multipath, and support for non-HTTP applications like WebRTC.
QUIC works across changing network connections. QUIC can migrate client connections between cellular and Wifi networks, so requests don’t time out and fail when the current network degrades. This migration reduces the number of failed requests and decreases tail latency, and our developers are working on making it even better. QUIC client connection migration will soon be available in Cronet.
Try it out today
Read more about QUIC in the HTTPS load balancing documentation and enable it for your project(s) by editing your HTTP(S) load balancer settings. We look forward to your feedback!
