Data types, functions, operators

The Workflows syntax supports the following data types:

• Integer (64 bit, signed)
• Double (64 bit, signed floating point number)
• String (UTF‑8 encoding, maximum length)
• Boolean (true/false, True/False, TRUE/FALSE)
• Bytes (see Returning bytes)
• Null

Data type functions

The Workflows standard library includes functions to convert, format, and operate on data types. For details, see Standard library overview.

Returning bytes

Bytes can't be returned by a workflow as they can't be JSON-encoded. You can encode bytes to Base64 text. You can also decode JSON bytes into an object. Bytes can be used as the body of HTTP requests. For more information, see Make an HTTP request.

Logical operators

Logical operators can be used only on boolean values, or on expressions that evaluate to boolean values. For examples, see the Syntax cheat sheet.

The following logical operators can be lower-case or upper-case (but not mixed-case):

• and: logical AND
• or: logical OR
• not: logical NOT

Order of operations

The following table is arranged in descending order of precedence of operators. Parentheses () have the highest precedence (most binding) while the or operator has the lowest precedence (least binding).

Operator	Description
()	Parentheses
.	Access object property
[]	Access list element
not	Boolean NOT
-	Unary minus
*, /, //, %	Multiplication, division, floor division, remainder
+, -	Addition, subtraction
, <=, >=, >, ==, !=, in	Comparison, equality, membership
and	Boolean AND
or	Boolean OR

Implicit data type conversions

These tables show the outcome of expressions using the given operator and the following data types as inputs. For example, using the + operator on two strings results in a string.

+ operator
	INTEGER	DOUBLE	STRING	BOOL
INTEGER	INTEGER	DOUBLE	STRING	ERROR
DOUBLE	DOUBLE	DOUBLE	STRING	ERROR
STRING	STRING	STRING	STRING	STRING
BOOL	ERROR	ERROR	STRING	ERROR

In the case of integer or double addition, overflow can occur if the resulting value exceeds the available precision. During string concatenation, if the resulting string exceeds the allowed length of the string data type, the operation throws an error.

- operator
	INTEGER	DOUBLE	STRING	BOOL
INTEGER	INTEGER	DOUBLE	ERROR	ERROR
DOUBLE	DOUBLE	DOUBLE	ERROR	ERROR
STRING	ERROR	ERROR	ERROR	ERROR
BOOL	ERROR	ERROR	ERROR	ERROR

* operator
	INTEGER	DOUBLE	STRING	BOOL
INTEGER	INTEGER	DOUBLE	ERROR	ERROR
DOUBLE	DOUBLE	DOUBLE	ERROR	ERROR
STRING	ERROR	ERROR	ERROR	ERROR
BOOL	ERROR	ERROR	ERROR	ERROR

/ operator
	INTEGER	DOUBLE	STRING	BOOL
INTEGER	DOUBLE	DOUBLE	ERROR	ERROR
DOUBLE	DOUBLE	DOUBLE	ERROR	ERROR
STRING	ERROR	ERROR	ERROR	ERROR
BOOL	ERROR	ERROR	ERROR	ERROR

<, >, <=, >= comparison operators
	INTEGER	DOUBLE	STRING	BOOL
INTEGER	BOOL	BOOL	ERROR	ERROR
DOUBLE	BOOL	BOOL	ERROR	ERROR
STRING	ERROR	ERROR	ERROR	ERROR
BOOL	ERROR	ERROR	ERROR	ERROR

==, != comparison operators
	INTEGER	DOUBLE	STRING	BOOL	NULL
INTEGER	BOOL	BOOL	ERROR	ERROR	BOOL
DOUBLE	BOOL	BOOL	ERROR	ERROR	BOOL
STRING	ERROR	ERROR	BOOL	ERROR	BOOL
BOOL	ERROR	ERROR	ERROR	BOOL	BOOL
NULL	BOOL	BOOL	BOOL	BOOL	BOOL