Nginx

This document describes how to configure your Google Kubernetes Engine deployment so that you can use Google Cloud Managed Service for Prometheus to collect metrics from Nginx. This document shows you how to do the following:

• Set up the exporter for Nginx to report metrics.
• Configure a PodMonitoring resource for Managed Service for Prometheus to collect the exported metrics.
• Access a dashboard in Cloud Monitoring to view the metrics.
• Configure alerting rules to monitor the metrics.

These instructions apply only if you are using managed collection with Managed Service for Prometheus. If you are using self-deployed collection, then see the source repository for the Nginx exporter for installation information.

These instructions are provided as an example and are expected to work in most Kubernetes environments. If you are having trouble installing an application or exporter due to restrictive security or organizational policies, we recommend you consult open-source documentation for support.

For information about Nginx, see Nginx.

Prerequisites

To collect metrics from Nginx by using Managed Service for Prometheus and managed collection, your deployment must meet the following requirements:

• Your cluster must be running Google Kubernetes Engine version 1.21.4-gke.300 or later.
• You must be running Managed Service for Prometheus with managed collection enabled. For more information, see Get started with managed collection.

• To use dashboards available in Cloud Monitoring for the Nginx integration, you must use nginx-prometheus-exporter version v0.10.0 or later.

  For more information about available dashboards, see View dashboards.

Install the Nginx exporter

We recommend that you install the Nginx exporter, nginx-prometheus-exporter, as a sidecar to your Nginx workload. For information about using sidecars, see Extended applications on Kubernetes with multi-container pods.

To install nginx-prometheus-exporter as a sidecar to Nginx, modify your Nginx configuration as shown in the following example:

# Copyright 2022 Google LLC
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     https:#www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
  name: nginx
data:
  default.conf: |
    server {
        listen       80 default_server;
        server_name  _;
        location / {
            root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
        }
+       location /status {
+           stub_status on;
+           access_log off;
+           allow 127.0.0.1;
+           allow 10.0.0.0/8;
+           allow 172.16.0.0/12;
+           allow 192.168.0.0/16;
+           deny all;
+       }
    }
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
spec:
  ...
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
+       app.kubernetes.io/name: nginx
    spec:
      containers:
+     - name: nginx-exporter
+       image: nginx/nginx-prometheus-exporter:0.10.0
+       args:
+       - "-nginx.scrape-uri=http://localhost/status"
+       ports:
+       - containerPort: 9113
+         name: prometheus
+       readinessProbe:
+         httpGet:
+           path: /metrics
+           port: prometheus
+       livenessProbe:
+         httpGet:
+           path: /metrics
+           port: prometheus
      - name: nginx
        image: nginx:1.14.2
+       ports:
+       - containerPort: 80
+         name: http
+       readinessProbe:
+         httpGet:
+           path: /status
+           port: http
+       livenessProbe:
+         httpGet:
+           path: /status
+           port: http
+       volumeMounts:
+       - mountPath: /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
+         subPath: default.conf
+         name: config
+     volumes:
+     - name: config
+       configMap:
+         name: nginx
+         items:
+         - key: default.conf
+           path: default.conf

You must add any lines preceded by the + symbol to your configuration.

To apply configuration changes from a local file, run the following command:

kubectl apply -n NAMESPACE_NAME -f FILE_NAME

You can also use Terraform to manage your configurations.

Define a PodMonitoring resource

For target discovery, the Managed Service for Prometheus Operator requires a PodMonitoring resource that corresponds to the Nginx exporter in the same namespace.

You can use the following PodMonitoring configuration:

# Copyright 2022 Google LLC
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

apiVersion: monitoring.googleapis.com/v1
kind: PodMonitoring
metadata:
  name: nginx
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/name: nginx
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: google-cloud-managed-prometheus
spec:
  endpoints:
  - port: prometheus
    scheme: http
    interval: 30s
    path: /metrics
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app.kubernetes.io/name: nginx

Ensure that the label selectors and the port match the selectors and port used in Install the Nginx exporter.

To apply configuration changes from a local file, run the following command:

kubectl apply -n NAMESPACE_NAME -f FILE_NAME

You can also use Terraform to manage your configurations.

Define rules and alerts

You can use the following Rules configuration to define alerts on your Nginx metrics:

# Copyright 2022 Google LLC
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

apiVersion: monitoring.googleapis.com/v1
kind: Rules
metadata:
  name: nginx-rules
  labels:
    app.kubernetes.io/component: rules
    app.kubernetes.io/name: nginx-rules
    app.kubernetes.io/part-of: google-cloud-managed-prometheus
spec:
  groups:
  - name: nginx
    interval: 30s
    rules:
    - alert: NginxDown
      annotations:
        description: |-
          Nginx instance is down
            VALUE = {{ $value }}
            LABELS: {{ $labels }}
        summary: Nginx down (instance {{ $labels.instance }})
      expr: nginx_up{job="nginx"} == 0
      for: 5m
      labels:
        severity: critical
    - alert: NginxDroppedConnections
      annotations:
        description: |-
         Too many dropped connections (> 5%)
            VALUE = {{ $value }}
            LABELS: {{ $labels }}
        summary: Number of dropped connections is high (instance {{ $labels.instance }})
      expr: (rate(nginx_connections_accepted{job="nginx"}[1m]) - rate(nginx_connections_handled{job="nginx"}[1m])) / rate(nginx_connections_accepted{job="nginx"}[1m]) > 0.05
      for: 5m
      labels:
        severity: warning
    - alert: NginxTrafficSpike
      annotations:
        description: |-
          Increase in total number of HTTP requests received (> 20%)
            VALUE = {{ $value }}
            LABELS: {{ $labels }}
        summary: Spike in HTTP traffic (instance {{ $labels.instance }})
      expr: rate(nginx_http_requests_total{job="nginx"}[1m])/ rate(nginx_http_requests_total{job="nginx"}[1m] offset 5m) > 1.2
      for: 5m
      labels:
        severity: warning
    - alert: NginxTrafficDrop
      annotations:
        description: |-
           Decrease in total number of HTTP requests received (> 20%)
            VALUE = {{ $value }}
            LABELS: {{ $labels }}
        summary: Drop in HTTP traffic (instance {{ $labels.instance }})
      expr: rate(nginx_http_requests_total{job="nginx"}[1m])/ rate(nginx_http_requests_total{job="nginx"}[1m] offset 5m) < 0.8
      for: 5m
      labels:
        severity: warning

To apply configuration changes from a local file, run the following command:

kubectl apply -n NAMESPACE_NAME -f FILE_NAME

You can also use Terraform to manage your configurations.

For more information about applying rules to your cluster, see Managed rule evaluation and alerting.

You can adjust the alert thresholds to suit your application.

Verify the configuration

You can use Metrics Explorer to verify that you correctly configured the Nginx exporter. It might take one or two minutes for Cloud Monitoring to ingest your metrics.

To verify the metrics are ingested, do the following:

1. In the navigation panel of the Google Cloud console, select Monitoring, and then select  Metrics explorer:

   Go to Metrics explorer

2. In the toolbar of the query-builder pane, select the button whose name is either  MQL or  PromQL.
3. Verify that PromQL is selected in the Language toggle. The language toggle is in the same toolbar that lets you format your query.
4. Enter and run the following query:
   

   up{job="nginx", cluster="CLUSTER_NAME", namespace="NAMESPACE_NAME"}
   

View dashboards

The Cloud Monitoring integration includes the Nginx Prometheus Overview dashboard. Dashboards are automatically installed when you configure the integration. You can also view static previews of dashboards without installing the integration.

To view an installed dashboard, do the following:

1. In the navigation panel of the Google Cloud console, select Monitoring, and then select  Dashboards:

   Go to Dashboards

2. Select the Dashboard List tab.
3. Choose the Integrations category.
4. Click the name of the dashboard, for example, Nginx Prometheus Overview.

To view a static preview of the dashboard, do the following:

1. In the navigation panel of the Google Cloud console, select Monitoring, and then select  Integrations:

   Go to Integrations

2. Click the Kubernetes Engine deployment-platform filter.
3. Locate the Nginx integration and click View Details.
4. Select the Dashboards tab.

Troubleshooting

For information about troubleshooting metric ingestion problems, see Problems with collection from exporters in Troubleshooting ingestion-side problems.