Supported phonemes and levels of stress

The tables below list the phonemes and levels of stress available for each language that supports the <phoneme> SSML tag. You can use the table of contents at the right of this page to navigate to your language. For more information on using the <phoneme> SSML tag, see the SSML reference documentation.

English (United States), en-US

Phonemes

IPA Phoneme X-SAMPA Phoneme Example Word IPA X-SAMPA
p p popular ˈpɑːpjəlɚ "pA:pj@l@`
b b bubble ˈbʌbəl "bVb@l
t t tinker ˈtɪŋkɚ "tINk@`
d d dog ˈdɑːg "dA:g
k k crown ˈkɹaʊn "kr\aUn
ɡ g gravely ˈgɹeɪˌvliː "gr\eI%vli:
m m mapping ˈmæpəŋ "m{p@N
n n nine ˈnaɪn "naIn
ŋ N bank ˈbæŋk "b{Nk
f f frog ˈfɹɑːg "fr\A:g
v v valve ˈvælv "v{lv
s s massage məˈsɑːʒ m@"sA:Z
z z zoom ˈzuːm "zu:m
θ T thigh ˈθaɪ "TaI
ð D mother ˈmʌðɚ "mVD@`
ʃ S shopping ˈʃɑːpəŋ "SA:p@N
ʒ Z leisure ˈliːʒɚ "li:Z@
h h mahogany məˈhɑːgəˌniː m@"hA:g@%ni:
l l lately ˈleɪtˌliː "leIt%li:
ɹ r\ roaring ˈɹɔːɹəŋ "r\O:r\@N
ʧ tS changed ˈʧeɪnʤd "tSeIndZd
ʤ dZ magenta məˈʤɛntə m@"dZEnt@
j j younger ˈjʌŋgɚ "jVNg@`
w w whirlwind ˈwɚlˌwɪnd "w@`l%wInd
æ { cat ˈkæt "k{t
ɑː A: cot ˈkɑːt "kA:t
ə @ again əˈgɛn @"gEn
ɚ @` bird ˈbɚd "b@`d
ɛ E bed ˈbɛd "bEd
ɪ I kit ˈkɪt "kIt
i: unique ˌjuːˈniːk %ju:"ni:k
ɔː O: more ˈmɔːɹ "mO:r\
ʊ U could ˈkʊd "kUd
u: school ˈskuːl "sku:l
ʌ V pulse ˈpʌls "pVls
aI price ˈpɹaɪs "pr\aIs
aU flower ˈflaʊɚ "flaU@`
eI shade ˈʃeɪd "SeId
ɔɪ OI choice ˈʧɔɪs "tSOIs
oU boat ˈboʊt "boUt

Levels of stress

Symbol IPA X-SAMPA
Primary stress ˈ "
Secondary stress ˌ %
Syllable boundary . .

English (United Kingdom), en-GB

Phonemes

IPA Phoneme X-SAMPA Phoneme Example Word IPA X-SAMPA
p p popular ˈpɒpjələ "pQpj@l@
b b bubble ˈbʌbəl "bVb@l
t t tinker ˈtɪŋkə "tINk@
d d Dundee ˌdʌnˈdiː %dVn"di:
k k crown ˈkɹaʊn "kr\aUn
ɡ g gravely ˈgɹeɪˌvliː "gr\eI%vli:
m m mapping ˈmæpəŋ "m{p@N
n n nine ˈnaɪn "naIn
ŋ N bank ˈbæŋk "b{Nk
f f frog ˈfɹɒg "fr\Qg
v v valve ˈvælv "v{lv
s s massage məˈsɑːʒ m@"sA:Z
z z zoom ˈzuːm "zu:m
θ T thigh ˈθaɪ "TaI
ð D mother ˈmʌðə "mVD@
ʃ S shopping ˈʃɒpəŋ "SQp@N
ʒ Z leisure ˈlɛʒə "lEZ@
h h mahogany məˈhɒgəˌniː m@"hQg@%ni:
l l lately ˈleɪtˌliː "leIt%li:
ɹ r\ roaring ˈɹɔːɹəŋ "r\O:r\@N
ʧ tS changed ˈʧeɪnʤd "tSeIndZd
ʤ dZ magenta məˈʤɛntə m@"dZEnt@
j j younger ˈjʌŋgə "jVNg@
w w whirlwind ˈwɜːlˌwɪnd "w3:l%wInd
æ { cat ˈkæt "k{t
ɑː A: car ˈkɑː "kA:
ə @ again əˈgɛn @"gEn
ɛ E bed ˈbɛd "bEd
ɪ I kit ˈkɪt "kIt
i: unique ˌjuːˈniːk %ju:"ni:k
ɒ Q yacht ˈjɒt "jQt
ɔː O: caught ˈkɔːt "kO:t
ʊ U could ˈkʊd "kUd
u: school ˈskuːl "sku:l
ʌ V pulse ˈpʌls "pVls
ɜː 3: nurse ˈnɜːs "n3:s
aI price ˈpɹaɪs "pr\aIs
aU flower ˈflaʊə "flaU@
eI shade ˈʃeɪd "SeId
e@ square ˈskweə "skwe@
i@ near ˈniə "ni@
ɔɪ OI choice ˈʧɔɪs "tSOIs
əʊ @U boat ˈbəʊt "b@Ut
ʊə U@ cure ˈkjʊə "kjU@

Levels of stress

Symbol IPA X-SAMPA
Primary stress ˈ "
Secondary stress ˌ %
Syllable boundary . .

English (Australia), en-AU

Phonemes

IPA Phoneme X-SAMPA Phoneme Example Word IPA X-SAMPA
p p popular ˈpɒpjələ "pQpj@l@
b b bubble ˈbɐbəl "b6b@l
t t tinker ˈtɪŋkə "tINk@
d d dog ˈdɒg "dQg
k k crown ˈkɹaʊn "kr\aUn
ɡ g gravely ˈgɹeɪˌvliː "gr\eI%vli:
m m mapping ˈmæpəŋ "m{p@N
n n nine ˈnaɪn "naIn
ŋ N bank ˈbæŋk "b{Nk
f f frog ˈfɹɒg "fr\Qg
v v valve ˈvælv "v{lv
s s massage ˈmæˌsɐːʒ "m{\%s6:Z
z z zoom ˈzuːm "zu:m
θ T thigh ˈθaɪ "TaI
ð D mother ˈmɐðə "m6D@
ʃ S shopping ˈʃɒpəŋ "SQp@N
ʒ Z leisure ˈlɛʒə "lEZ@
h h mahogany məˈhɒgəˌniː m@"hQg@%ni:
l l lately ˈleɪtˌliː "leIt%li:
ɹ r\ roaring ˈɹɔːɹəŋ "r\O:r\@N
ʧ tS changed ˈʧeɪnʤd "tSeIndZd
ʤ dZ magenta məˈʤɛntə m@"dZEnt@
j j younger ˈjɐŋgə "j6Ng@
w w whirlwind ˈwɜːlˌwɪnd "w3:l%wInd
æ { trap ˈtɹæp "tr\{p
æː {: bad ˈbæːd "b{:d
ɐ 6 strut ˈstɹɐt "str\6t
ɐː 6: bath ˈbɐːθ "b6:T
ə @ letter ˈlɛtə "lEt@
ɛ E dress ˌdɹɛs "dr\Es
ɪ I kit ˈkɪt "kIt
i: fleece ˈfliːs "fli:s
ɒ Q lot ˈlɒt "lQt
ɔː O: north ˈnɔːθ "nO:T
ʊ U foot ˈfʊt "fUt
u: goose ˈguːs "gu:s
ɜː 3: nurse ˈnɜːs "n3:s
aI price ˈpɹaɪs "pr\aIs
aU flower ˈflaʊə "flaU@
eI shade ˈʃeɪd "SeId
e@ square ˈskweə "skwe@
i@ near ˈniə "ni@
ɔɪ OI choice ˈʧɔɪs "tSOIs
əʊ @U boat ˈbəʊt "b@Ut
ʊə U@ cure ˈkjʊə "kjU@

Levels of stress

Symbol IPA X-SAMPA
Primary stress ˈ "
Secondary stress ˌ %
Syllable boundary . .

English (India), en-IN

Phonemes

IPA Phoneme X-SAMPA Phoneme Example Word X-SAMPA IPA
p p prints "pr\Int`s ˈpɹɪnʈs
b b baron "b{r\@n ˈbæɹən
ʈ t` town "t`aUn ˈʈaʊn
ɖ d` done "d`Vn ˈɖʌn
k k crown "kr\aUn ˈkɹaʊn
g g gravely "gr\eIv%li: ˈgɹeɪˌvliː
g_h ghastly "g_hAst`%li: ˈgʰɑsʈˌliː
f f mafia "mA%fi:@ ˈmɑˌfiːə
v v valve
wealth
"v{lv
"vElT
ˈvælv
ˈvɛlθ
θ T thigh "TaI ˈθaɪ
ð D mother "mVD@ ˈmʌðə
s s massage m@"sAdZ məˈsɑdʒ
z z zoom "zu:m ˈzuːm
l l lately "leIt`%li: ˈleɪʈˌliː
ɹ r roaring "r\O:r\@N ˈɹɔːɹəŋ
ʧ tS changed "tSeIndZd` ˈtʃeɪndʒɖ
ʤ dZ magenta m@"dZEnt`@ məˈdʒɛnʈə
ʃ S shopping "SQp@N ˈʃɒpəŋ
ʒ Z leisure "lEZ@ ˈlɛʒə
j j young "jVN ˈjʌŋ
n n never "nEv@ ˈnɛvə
m m mapping "m{p@N ˈmæpəŋ
ŋ N ping "pIN ˈpɪŋ
h h honey "hV%ni: ˈhʌˌniː
æ { cat "k{t` ˈkɪʈ
ɑ A car "kA ˈkɑ
ɜ 3: person "p3:s@n ˈpɜːsən
aI cry "kr\aI ˈkɹaɪ
aU how "haU ˈhaʊ
ə @ again @"gEn əˈgɛn
ɛ E bed "bEd` ˈbɛɖ
e@ fair "fe@ ˈfeə
e eI place "pleIs ˈpleɪs
ɪ I kit "kIt` ˈkɪʈ
ɪə I@ fear "fI@ ˈfɪə
i: need "ni:d` ˈniːɖ
ɔɪ OI boy "bOI ˈbɔɪ
ɒ Q box "bQks ˈbɒks
O: low "lO: ˈlɔː
ʊ U good "gUd` ˈgʊɖ
ʌ V numb
shut
"nVm
"SVt`
ˈnʌm
ˈʃʌʈ
u: who
food
"hu:
"fu:d`
ˈhuː
ˈfuːɖ

Levels of stress

Symbol IPA X-SAMPA
Primary stress ˈ "
Secondary stress ˌ %
Syllable boundary . .

German (Germany), de-DE

Phonemes

X-SAMPA IPA Example X-SAMPA Transcription IPA Transcription
p p Palme "palm@ ˈpalmə
b b Baum "baUm ˈbaʊm
t t Südost %zyt"Ost ˌzytˈɔst
d d Dorf "dORf ˈdɔʁf
k k Kakao %ka"kaU ˌkaˈkaʊ
g g Gast "gast ˈgast
m m Murmel "mURm@l ˈmʊʁməl
n n neun "nOIn ˈnɔɪn
N ŋ singen "zIN@n ˈzɪŋən
f f fünf "fYnf ˈfʏnf
v v Waage "va:g@ ˈvaːgə
s s Masse "mas@ ˈmasə
z z Sonne "zOn@ ˈzɔnə
T θ think "TINk ˈθɪŋk
D ð although %Ol"Do ˌɔlˈðo
S ʃ Schule "Sul@ ˈʃulə
dZ ʤ Dschungel "dZUN@l ˈʤʊŋəl
Z ʒ Garage %ga"Ra:Z@ ˌgaˈʁaːʒə
h h Haus "haUs ˈhaʊs
l l Weltall "vEl%tal ˈvɛlˌtal
pf pf Pfeffer "pfEf6 ˈpfɛfɐ
R ʁ Regentropfen "Reg@n%tROpf@n ˈʁegənˌtʁɔpfən
tS ʧ Tschüss "tSYs ˈʧʏs
ts ʦ Katze "kats@ ˈkatsə
w w Watergate "wOt6%gEjt ˈwɔtɐˌgɛjt
j j jung "jUN ˈjʊŋ
x x Buch "bux ˈbux
C ç sprechen "SpREC@n ˈspʁɛçən
a a Kamm "kam ˈkam
a: kam "ka:m ˈkaːm
@ ə Beute "bOIt@ ˈbɔltə
6 ɐ Kinder "kInd6 ˈkɪndɐ
E ɛ Bett "bEt ˈbɛt
e e Mehl "mel ˈmel
I ɪ Mitte "mIt@ ˈmɪtə
i: ihn "i:n ˈiːn
y y Bühne "byn@ ˈbynə
Y ʏ Mütze "mYts@ ˈmʏtsə
O ɔ noch "nOx ˈnɔx
o o oben "ob@n ˈobən
9 œ möchte "m9Ct@ ˈmœçtə
8 ɵ schön "S8n ˈʃɵn
U ʊ Mutter "mUt6 ˈmʊtɐ
u u Uhr "uR ˈuʁ
aI Eis "aIs ˈaɪs
aU Haus "haUs ˈhaʊs
OI ɔɪ Häuser "hOIz6 ˈhɔlzɐ

Levels of stress

Symbol IPA X-SAMPA
Primary stress ˈ "
Secondary stress ˌ %
Syllable boundary . .

Spanish (Spain), es-ES

Phonemes

X-SAMPA Phoneme IPA Phoneme Example Word X-SAMPA IPA
p p pelo "pelo ˈpelo
t t tela "tela ˈtela
k k casa "kasa ˈkasa
b b bobo "bobo ˈbobo
d d dedo "dedo ˈdedo
g ɡ gagá ga"ga gaˈga
f f foca "foka ˈfoka
T θ cielo "Tjelo ˈθjelo
s s soso "soso ˈsoso
j j yo "jo ˈjo
x x jota "xota ˈxota
tS ʧ churro "tSuro ˈtʃuro
l l lento "lento ˈlento
L ʎ lluvia "Lubja ˈʎubja
m m mano "mano ˈmano
n n mano "mano ˈmano
J ɲ ñoño "JoJo ˈɲoɲo
4 ɾ pero
dar
"pe4o
"da4
ˈpeɾo
ˈdaɾ
r r rata
perro
"rata
"pero
ˈrata
ˈpero
a a cala "kala ˈkala
e e tele "tele ˈtele
i i pirueta pi4"weta piɾˈweta
o o cordura ko4"du4a koɾˈduɾa
u u documentar dokumen"ta4 dokumenˈtaɾ
ai ai jamaicanos xamai"kanos xamaiˈkanos
au au restaurante restau"4ante restauˈɾante
ei ei aceituna aTei"tuna aθeiˈtuna
eu eu euro "eu4o ˈeuɾo
oi oi hoy "oi ˈoi
ou ou roupeiro rou"pei4o rouˈpeiɾo

Levels of stress

Symbol IPA X-SAMPA
Primary stress ˈ "
Syllable boundary . .

Spanish (United States), es-US

Phonemes

X-SAMPA Phoneme IPA Phoneme Example Word X-SAMPA IPA
p p pelo "pelo ˈpelo
t t tela "tela ˈtela
k k casa "kasa ˈkasa
b b bobo "bobo ˈbobo
d d dedo "dedo ˈdedo
g g gagá ga"ga gaˈga
f f foca "foka ˈfoka
v v voice "vois ˈvois
s s soso
cielo
"soso
"sjelo
ˈsoso
ˈsjelo
z z president
zoo
"pr\ezid@nt ˈpɹezidənt
S ʃ shopping "SopiN ˈʃopiŋ
T θ thorn "Tor\n ˈθoɹn
D ð father "faD@r\ ˈfaðəɹ
x x jota "xota ˈxota
dZ jennifer "dZenif@r\ ˈdʒenifəɹ
tS ʧ churro "tSuro ˈtʃuro
l l lento "lento ˈlento
m m mano "mano ˈmano
n n mano "mano ˈmano
J ɲ ñoño "JoJo ˈɲoɲo
N ŋ song "soN ˈsoŋ
4 ɾ pero
dar
"pe4o
"da4
ˈpeɾo
ˈdaɾ
r r rata
perro
"rata
"pero
ˈrata
ˈpero
r\ ɹ car "kar\ ˈkaɹ
j j yo "jo ˈjo
w w water "wot@r\ ˈwotəɹ
@ ə google "gug@l ˈgugəl
a a cala "kala ˈkala
e e tele "tele ˈtele
i i pirueta pi4"weta piɾˈweta
o o cordura ko4"du4a koɾˈduɾa
u u documentar dokumen"ta4 dokumenˈtaɾ
ai ai hay xamai"kanos xamaiˈkanos
au au pausa restau"4ante restauˈɾante
ei ei aceituna asei"tuna aseiˈtuna
eu eu euro "eu4o ˈeuɾo
oi oi hoy "oi ˈoi
ou ou roupeiro rou"pei4o rouˈpeiɾo

Levels of stress

Symbol IPA X-SAMPA
Primary stress ˈ "
Syllable boundary . .

Filipino (Philippines), fil-PH

Phonemes

X-SAMPA Phoneme IPA Phoneme Example Word X-SAMPA IPA
p p pito "pitU ˈpitʊ
b b buto "bUtU ˈbʊtʊ
t t tiyan ti"jan tiˈjan
d d adya ?ad"ja? ʔadˈjaʔ
k k kapit "kapit ˈkapit
g g gata ga"ta? gaˈtaʔ
? ʔ ilaw "?ilau ˈʔilau
m m mata ma"ta maˈta
n n niya ni"ja niˈja
J ɲ kolonya ko"loJa koˈloɲa
N ŋ ngipin "Nipin ˈŋipin
s s siyam si"jam siˈjam
S ʃ konsensya kon"sEnSa konˈsɛnʃa
h h haba "haba? ˈhabaʔ
tS ʧ tsaka tSa"ka tʃaˈka
dZ Diego "dZEgo ˈdʒɛgo
4 r rurok "4U4Uk ˈɾʊɾʊk
l l lamay "lamai ˈlamai
j j yanig "janig ˈjanig
w w wala wa"la? waˈlaʔ
a a aso "?asU ˈʔasʊ
E e ewan "?Ewan ˈʔɛwan
i i iwan "?iwan ˈʔiwan
o o oyayi ?o"jaji ʔoˈjaji
U u upuan ?UpU"?an ʔʊpʊˈʔan
ai ai bahay "bahai ˈbahai
ui ui abuloy ?a"bUlui ʔaˈbʊlui
au au galaw ga"lau gaˈlau
iu iu baliw ba"liu baˈliu

Levels of stress

Symbol IPA X-SAMPA
Primary stress ˈ "
Syllable boundary . .

French (France), fr-FR

Phonemes

X-SAMPA Phoneme IPA Phoneme Example word X-SAMPA IPA
b b beau bo bo
d d dodu dody dody
f f fil fil fil
g g gâteau gato gato
? ʔ haricot ?aRiko ʔaʁiko
k k cassé kase kase
l l loi lwa lwa
m m mou mu mu
n n nounou nunu nunu
p p poli poli poli
R ʁ carré kaRe kaʁe
S ʃ chat Sa ʃa
s s savon savO~ savɔ̃
t t tri tRi tʁi
v v vallée vale vale
Z ʒ jouet ZuE ʒuɛ
z z prison pRizO~ pʁizɔ̃
a a salé sale sale
E ɛ cher SER ʃɛʁ
e e parlé paRle paʁle
i i midi midi midi
O ɔ sort sOR sɔʁ
o o bateau bato bato
u u nougat nuga nuga
y y bu by by
2 ø peu p2
9 œ neuf n9f nœf
@ ə apprenez
jeûnaient
apR@ne
Z@nEt
apʁəne
ʒənɛt
A~ ɑ̃ gant gA~ gɑ̃
E~ ɛ̃ main mE~ mɛ̃
O~ ɔ̃ savon savO~ savɔ̃

Levels of stress

Symbol IPA X-SAMPA
Syllable boundary . .

French (Canada), fr-CA

Phonemes

X-SAMPA Phoneme IPA Phoneme Example X-SAMPA IPA
b b bas bA
d d aida i:dA iːdɑ
f f alpha alfA alfɑ
g g gars gA
? ʔ hâte ?At@ ʔɑtə
H ɥ lui lHi lɥi
j j oeil 9j œj
k k cas kA
l l lA
m m mat mA
n n nounou nunu nunu
p p pas pA
R ʁ carré kARe kɑʁe
s s plaça plasA plasɑ
S ʃ chat SA ʃɑ
t t tas tA tas
v v va vA
w w Louis lwi lwi
z z plaza plazA plazɑ
Z ʒ jardin ZaRdE~ ʒaʁdɛ̃
h h Whitehorse ?wajthOrs ʔwajthɔrs
5 ɫ Devils dEv95z dɛvœɫz
r r Rogers rOdZ9rz rɔdʒœrz
a a patte pat@ patə
a: Danny da:ni daːni
A ɑ pâte pAt@ pɑtə
A~ ɑ̃ gant gA~ gɑ̃
E ɛ faite fEt@ fɛtə
E: ɛː fête fE:t@ fɛːtə
e e parlé paRle paʁle
E~ ɛ̃ main mE~ mɛ̃
i i midi midi midi
O ɔ sort sOR sɔʁ
O~ ɔ̃ savon savO~ savɔ̃
o o bateau bato bato
u u nougat nugA nugɑ
y y bu by by
2 ø peu p2
9 œ neuf n9f nœf
@ ə acheter aS@te aʃəte
i: bean bi:n biːn
I ɪ Dylan dIl9n dɪlœn
O: ɔː hockey ?O:ke ʔɔːke
u: cool ku:l kuːl

Levels of stress

Symbol IPA X-SAMPA
Syllable boundary . .

Hindi (India), hi-IN

Phonemes

X-SAMPA Phoneme IPA Phoneme Example word X-SAMPA IPA
p p पंजाब p@n"dZa:b pənˈdʒaːb
b b बादल "ba:d_d@l ˈbaːd̪əl
b_h भारत "b_ha:r@t_d ˈbʰaːrət̪
t_d तबला "t_d@bla: ˈt̪əblaː
t_d_h t̪ʰ थाली "t_d_ha:lI: ˈt̪ʰaːlɪː
t` ʈ टमाटर t`@"ma:t`@r ʈəˈmaːʈər
t`_h ʈʰ अठारह @"t`_ha:r@h əˈʈʰaːrəh
d_d दाल "d_da:l ˈd̪aːl
d_d_h d̪ʰ धूम "d_d_hu:m ˈd̪ʰuːm
d` ɖ डमरू "d`@mru: ˈɖəmruː
d`_h ɖʰ ढोलक "d`_ho:l@k ˈɖʰoːlək
k k किताब kI"t_da:b kɪˈt̪aːb
k_h खान "k_ha:n ˈkʰaːn
g g गाय "ga:e: ˈgaːeː
g_h घर "g_h@r ˈgʰər
f f फल "f@l ˈfəl
v\ ʋ व्रत "v\r@t_d ˈʋrət̪
s s किस्मत "kIsm@t_d ˈkɪsmət̪
z z ज़हर "zE:hE:r ˈzɛːhɛːr
l l लड़कियां "l@r`kIja:~ ˈləɽkɪjãː
r ɹ रोक "ro:k ˈroːk
r` ɽ कूड़ा "ku:r`a: ˈkuːɽaː
tS ʧ चाय "tSa:e: ˈʧaːeː
tS_h ʧʰ छांव "tS_ha:~o: ˈʧʰãːoː
dZ ʤ जंगल "dZ@ng@l ˈdʒəngəl
dZ_h ʤʰ मुझ "mUdZ_h ˈmʊdʒʰ
S ʃ ख़ुश
भाषा
"k_hUS
"b_ha:Sa:
ˈkʰʊʃ
ˈbʰaːʃaː
j j योग "jo:g ˈjoːg
n n नमक "n@m@k ˈnəmək
m m मंत्र "m@nt_dr@ ˈmənt̪rə
n` ɳ नारायण na:"ra:j@n` naːˈraːjəɳ
N ŋ लंका "l@nka: ˈlənkaː
h h होना "ho:na: ˈhoːnaː
a: a: बात "ba:t_d ˈbaːt̪
a:~ ãː लड़कियां "l@r`kIja:~ ˈləɽkɪjãː
@ ə अलग "@l@g ˈələg
@~ ə̃ हंसना "h@~sna: ˈhə̃snaː
E: ɛ फैलाव "fE:la:v\ ˈfɛːlaːʋ
e: e केला "ke:la: ˈkeːlaː
e:~ ẽː किताबें kI"t_da:be:~ kɪˈt̪aːbẽː
E:~ ɛ̃ː मैं "mE:~ ˈmɛ̃ː
I ɪ इच्छा "ItStS_ha: ˈɪtʃtʃʰaː
I: खीर "k_hI:r ˈkʰɪːr
I:~ ĩː नहीं "n@hI:~ ˈnəhɪ̃ː
I~ ɪ̃ सिंचाई sI~"tSa:I: sɪ̃ˈtʃaːɪː
O: ɔː औरत "O:r@t_d ˈɔːrət̪
O:~ ɔ̃ː भौं "b_hO:~ ˈbʰɔ̃ː
o: ओखली "o:k_hlI: ˈoːkʰlɪː
o:~ õː क्यों "kjo:~ ˈkjõː
U ʊ पुत्र "pUt_dr ˈpʊt̪r
U~ ʊ̃ मुंह "mU~h ˈmʊ̃h
u: कबूतर k@"b u:t_d@r kəˈbuːt̪ər
u:~ ũː ऊंट "u:~t` ˈũːʈ

Levels of stress

Symbol IPA X-SAMPA
Primary stress ˈ "
Syllable boundary . .

Indonesian (Indonesia), id-ID

Phonemes

X-SAMPA Phoneme IPA Phoneme Example Word X-SAMPA IPA
p p pagi pagi pagi
t t takut takut takut
k k kera k@ra kəra
b b buku buku buku
d d desa desa desa
g g gigi gigi gigi
? ʔ bapak bapa? bapaʔ
f f sifat
relevan
sifat
relefan
sifat
relefan
s s sapi sapi sapi
S ʃ syarat Sarat ʃarat
x x khusus xusus xusus
h h pohon pohon pohon
l l luas luas luas
j j bayi baji baji
r r kasir kasir kasir
w w warna warna warna
m m muka muka muka
n n lilin lilin lilin
J nyamuk Jamuk ɲamuk
N ŋ ngengat NeNat ŋeŋat
tS cari tSari tʃari
dZ jari dZari dʒari
a a tali tali tali
@ ə membeli m@mb@li məmbəli
e e kecap ketSap ketʃap
i i singa siNa siŋa
o o bola bola bola
u u susu susu susu
aI pantai pantal pantaɪ
aU kacau katSaU katʃaʊ
OI ɔɪ letoi letOI letɔɪ

Levels of stress

Symbol IPA X-SAMPA
Syllable boundary . .

Italian (Italy), it-IT

Phonemes

X-SAMPA Phoneme IPA Phoneme Example word X-SAMPA IPA
p p pane "pane ˈpane
p: appena a"p:ena aˈpːena
b b bocca "bok:a ˈbokːa
b: abbacchio a"b:ak:jo aˈbːakːjo
t t tedio "tEdjo ˈtɛdjo
t: attento a"t:Ento aˈtːɛnto
d d dato "dato ˈdato
d: addio a"d:io aˈdːio
k k colonna ko"lon:a koˈlonːa
k: accolto a"k:Olto aˈkːɔlto
g ɡ gatto "gat:o ˈgatːo
g: agguato a"g:wato aˈɡːwato
f f fulgido "fuldZido ˈfulʤido
f: affusolato af:uzo"lato afːuzoˈlato
v v vaso "vazo ˈvazo
v: avviare av:i"are avːiˈare
s s sete "sete ˈsete
s: assetato as:e"tato asːeˈtato
z z fuso "fuzo ˈfuzo
S ʃ sciopero "SOpero ˈʃɔpero
S: ʃː fascia "faS:a ˈfaʃːa
Z ʒ garage ga"raZ gaˈraʒ
ts ts tsunami tsu"nami tsuˈnami
ts: tsː stazione sta"ts:jone staˈtsːjone
dz dz zero "dzEro ˈdzɛro
dz: dzː azzerare adz:e"rare adzːeˈrare
tS cima "tSima ˈtʃima
tS: tSː faccia "fatS:a ˈfatʃːa
dZ giro "dZiro ˈdʒiro
dZ: dʒː aggirare adZ:i"rare adʒːiˈrare
m m mano "mano ˈmano
m: ammanicato am:ani"kato amːaniˈkato
n n noia "nOja ˈnɔja
n: annoiare an:o"jare anːoˈjare
J ɲ gnomo "JOmo ˈɲɔmo
J: ɲː agnello a"J:El:o aˈɲːɛlːo
r r ruolo "rwOlo ˈrwɔlo
r: arruolare ar:wo"lare arːwoˈlare
l l ladro "ladro ˈladro
l: allarme a"l:arme aˈlːarme
L ʎ gli "Li ˈʎi
L: ʎː aglio "aL:o ˈaʎːo
h h Juan hu"an huˈan
T θ math "maT ˈmaθ
j j Juventus
vorrei
ju"vEntus
vo"r:Ej
juˈvɛntus
voˈrːɛj
w w ruolo
causa
"rwOlo
"kawza
ˈrwɔlo
ˈkawza
3: ɜː Pasteur pa"st3:r paˈstɜːr
a a amore a"more aˈmore
e e esilio e"ziljo eˈziljo
o o osare o"zare oˈzare
E ɛ pelle "pEl:e ˈpɛlːe
i i ignaro i"J:aro iˈɲːaro
O ɔ polo "pOlo ˈpɔlo
u u muro "muro ˈmuro

Levels of stress

Symbol IPA X-SAMPA
Primary stress ˈ "
Syllable boundary . .

Dutch (Netherlands), nl-NL

Phonemes

X-SAMPA Phoneme IPA Phoneme Example word X-SAMPA IPA
Z ʒ gelei Z@"lEI ʒəˈlɛɪ
b b boer "bu4 ˈbuɾ
x x mechanisme
chemie
me:xA:"nIsm@
xe:"mi
meːxɑːˈnɪsmə
xeːˈmi
d d dag "dAx ˈdɑx
f f faam "fA:m ˈfɑːm
g g goal "go:l ˈgoːl
h\ ɦ hout "h\Vut ˈɦʌut
j j jaag "jA:x ˈjɑːx
k k kaak "kA:k ˈkɑːk
l l laag "lA:x ˈlɑːx
m m mag "mAx ˈmɑx
n n naad "nA:t ˈnɑːt
N ŋ eng "EN ˈɛŋ
p p praat "p4A:t ˈpɾɑːt
r ɾ roer "4u4 ˈɾuɾ
s s samen "sA:m@ ˈsɑːmə
S ʃ shock "SOk ˈʃɔk
t t tussen "tYs@ ˈtʏsə
v v vaak "vA:k ˈvɑːk
v\ ʋ waan v\A:n ˈʋɑːn
z z zee "ze: ˈzeː
@ ə dagen "dA:x@ ˈdɑːxə
A ɑ dag "dAx ˈdɑx
A: ɑː dagen "dA:x@ ˈdɑːxə
E ɛ eb "Ep ˈɛp
e: één "e:n ˈeːn
2: øː beu "b2: ˈbøː
E: ɛː fair
serre
"fE:r\
"sE:4@
ˈfɛːɹˈ
sɛːɾə
I ɪ ik "Ik ˈɪk
i i iel "il ˈil
EI ɛɪ ijdel "EId@l ˈɛɪdəl
O ɔ of "Of ˈɔf
O: ɔː naadloos "nA:tlO:s ˈnɑːtlɔːs
u u koek "kuk ˈkuk
Vu ʌu hout
rauw
"h\Vut
"4Vu
ˈɦʌut
ˈɾʌu
o: controle kOn"t4o:l@ kɔnˈtɾoːlə
Y ʏ urn "Y4n ˈʏɾn
y y uur "y4 ˈyɾ
9Y œʏ ui "9Y œʏ

Levels of stress

Symbol IPA X-SAMPA
Primary stress ˈ "
Syllable boundary . .

Turkish (Turkey), tr-TR

Phonemes

X-SAMPA Phoneme IPA Phoneme Example word X-SAMPA IPA
m m masa ma"sa maˈsa
p p para pa"4a paˈɾa
b b balık ba"lMk baˈlɯk
f f füze "fyze ˈfyze
v v vazo "vazo ˈvazo
h h halı ha"lM haˈlɯ
d d deniz de"niz deˈniz
t t takım ta"kMm taˈkɯn
s s sokak so"kak soˈkak
z z zarf "za4f ˈzaɾf
k k kuş "kuS ˈkuʃ
c c kâr "ca4 ˈcaɾ
g g gaz "gaz ˈgaz
J\ ɟ rüzgâr 4yz"J\a4 ɾyɾzˈɟaɾ
l l salı sa"lM saˈlɯ
L ʎ alkol aL"koL aʎˈkoʎ
4 ɾ resim 4e"sim ɾeˈsim
tS çilek tSi"Lec tʃiˈʎec
dZ cam "dZam ˈdʒam
Z ʒ jilet Zi"Let ʒiˈʎet
n n niyet ni"jet niˈjet
j j yatak ja"tak jaˈtak
S ʃ şeker Se"ce4 ʃeˈceɾ
a a araba a4a"ba aɾaˈba
a: âdet "a:det ˈaːdet
e e etek e"tek eˈtek
e: eğri e:"4i eːˈɾi
i i imza im"za: imˈzaː
i: asli as"Li: asˈʎiː
M ɯ ışık M"SMk ɯˈʃɯk
M: ɯː ığdır "M:dM4 ˈɯːdɯɾ
u u umut u"mut uˈmut
u: şuur "Su:4 ˈʃuːɾ
y y ütü y"ty yˈty
y: düğme dy:"me dyːˈme
o o omuz o"muz oˈmuz
o: doğru do:"4u doːˈɾu
2 ø örtü 24"ty øɾˈty
2: øː öğün 2:"yn øːˈyn

Levels of stress

Symbol IPA X-SAMPA
Primary stress ˈ "
Syllable boundary . .

Polish (Poland), pl-PL

Phonemes

X-SAMPA Phoneme IPA Phoneme Example word X-SAMPA IPA
p p popiół "pO%pjuw ˈpɔˌpjuw
b b kupże "kub%z`E ˈkubˌʐɛ
t_d bródka "bru%t_dka ˈbruˌt̪ka
d_d dudek "d_du%d_dEk ˈd̪uˌd̪ɛk
k k kurka "kur%ka ˈkurˌka
g g także "t_da%gz`E ˈt̪aˌgʐɛ
f f wsunąć "fs_du%n_dO~ts\ ˈfs̪uˌn̪ɔ̃tɕ
v v główny "gwu%vn_d1 ˈgwuˌvn̪ɨ
s_d wóz "vus_d ˈvus̪
z_d rozbić "rOt%z_dbits\ ˈrɔtˌz̪bitɕ
s` ʂ szyszka "s`1%s`a ˈʂɨˌʂa
z` ʐ rzecz "z`Ets` ˈʐɛtʂ
s\ ɕ śmiech "s\mjEx ˈɕmjɛx
z\ ʑ źrebię "z\rE%bjE~ ˈʑrɛˌbjɛ̃
x x hak "xak ˈxak
ts_d t̪s̪ rydz "r1ts_d ˈrɨt̪s̪
dz_d d̪z̪ dzwon "dz_dvOn_d ˈd̪z̪vɔn̪
ts` czacza "ts`a%ts`a ˈtʂaˌtʂa
dz` dżdżu "dz`dz`u ˈdʑdʑu
ts\ ciocia "ts\O%ts\a ˈtɕɔˌtɕa
dz\ dźwięk "dz\vjE~k ˈdʑvjɛ̃k
m m mama "ma%ma ˈmaˌma
n_d noga "n_dO%ga ˈn̪ɔˌga
J ɲ nieść "JEs\ts\ ˈɲɛɕtɕ
l l lalka "lal%ka ˈlalˌka
r r radar "ra%d_dar ˈraˌd̪ar
j j jajo "ja%jO ˈjaˌjɔ
w w łapa "wa%pa ˈwaˌpa
a a lalka "lal%ka ˈlalˌka
E ɛ niewielkie JE%"vjElkjE ˈɲɛˌvjɛlkjɛ
i i kit "kit_d ˈkit̪
O ɔ lot "lOt_d ˈlɔt̪
u u buk "buk ˈbuk
1 ɨ krzyk "ks`1k ˈkɕɨk
E~ ɛ̃ pędzę "pE~%dz_dE~ ˈpɛ̃ˌd̪z̪ɛ̃
O~ ɔ̃ siąść "s\O~s\ts\ ˈɕɔ̃ɕtɕ

Levels of stress

Symbol IPA X-SAMPA
Primary stress ˈ "
Secondary stress ˌ %
Syllable boundary . .

Russian (Russia), ru-RU

Phonemes

X-SAMPA Phoneme IPA Phoneme Example word X-SAMPA IPA
b b бар "bar ˈbar
b_j бинт "b_jint ˈbʲint
p p пар "par ˈpar
p_j пить "p_jit_j ˈpʲitʲ
d d дар "dar ˈdar
d_j дядя "d_jad_ja ˈdʲadʲa
t t тур "tur ˈtur
t_j тяга "t_jaga ˈtʲaga
g g гора ga"ra gaˈra
g_j гиря "g_jir_ja ˈgʲirʲa
k k кора ka"ra kaˈra
k_j кит "k_jit ˈkʲit
v v вор "vor ˈvor
v_j вера "v_jera ˈvʲera
f f фора "fora ˈfora
f_j финал f_ji"nal fʲiˈnal
z z зорь "zor_j ˈzorʲ
z_j зима z_ji"ma zʲiˈma
s s сор "sor ˈsor
s_j синий "s_jin_jij ˈsʲinʲij
Z ʒ жор "Zor ˈʒor
S ʃ шар "Sar ˈʃar
x x хор "xor ˈxor
x_j химик "x_jim_jik ˈxʲimʲik
S_j ʃʲ щель "S_jel_j ˈʃʲelʲ
n n ноль "nol_j ˈnolʲ
n_j няня "n_jan_ja ˈnʲanʲa
m m моль "mol_j ˈmolʲ
m_j мел "m_jel ˈmʲel
l l лом "lom ˈlom
l_j липа "l_jipa ˈlʲipa
r r ром "rom ˈrom
r_j ряса "r_jasa ˈrʲasa
j j йод "jot ˈjot
a a мак "mak ˈmak
e e тег "tek ˈtek
i i тик "tik ˈtik
o o ток "tok ˈtok
u u лук "luk ˈluk
1 ɨ мышь "m1S ˈmɨʃ

Levels of stress

Symbol IPA X-SAMPA
Primary stress ˈ "
Syllable boundary . .

Korean (South Korea), ko-KR

Phonemes

X-SAMPA Phoneme IPA Phoneme Example Word X-SAMPA IPA
p p pul pul
p_h p_hul pʰul
p* p*ul p͈ul
t t tal tal
t_h t_hal tʰal
t* t*al t͈al
k k 가다 kata kata
k_h k_hal kʰal
k* 까다 k*ata k͈ata
s_h s_hal sʰal
s* s*al s͈al
h h 하다 hata hata
ts\ 자다 ts\ata tɕata
ts\_h tɕʰ 차다 ts\_hata tɕʰata
ts\* t͈ɕ 짜다 ts\*ata t͈ɕata
m m mul mul
n n nal nal
N ŋ paN paŋ
4 ɾ 바람 pa4am paɾam
l l 스쿨 s_hMk_hul sʰɯkʰul
w w 문화 munhwa munhwa
j j 양명 jaNmjVN jaŋmjʌŋ
i i 시장 s_hits\aN sʰitɕaŋ
a a mal mal
e e 베개 pekE pekɛ
M ɯ 음악 Mmak ɯmak
V ʌ 어머니 VmVni ʌmʌni
u u 우리 u4i uɾi
o o 오리 o4i oɾi
2 ø 교회 kjoh2 kjohø
E ɛ 태양 t_hEjaN tʰɛjaŋ

Levels of stress

Symbol IPA X-SAMPA
Syllable boundary . .

Chinese, Mandarin (Simplified, China), cmn-Hans-CN

Phonemes

Pinyin Example Transcription
b bei3
p pan2
d dui4
t tan2
g gei3
k kan4
f fang4
s san1
sh shou3
h hua1
l lei4
r ru4
m ma3
n na4
ng ding4
z zai4
c cai4
zh zhi3
ch chi1
j jiang3
q qiang2
x 西 xi1
w wa1
y yan3
yi/i 意,第 yi4, di4
wu/u 五,露 wu3, lu4
yu/ü/u 鱼, 绿, 序 yu2, lü4, xu4
a da3
ye/ie 夜,杰 ye4, jie2
er er4
e 饿 e4
o long2
wo/uo/o 我,作,脖 wo3, zuo1, bo2
ai dai4
ei fei1
ao mao1
ou you3
ya/ia 牙,强 ya2, qiang2
you/iu 油,六 you2, liu4
wa/ua 挖,花 wa1, hua1
yue/üe/ue 月,略,学 yue4, lüe4, xue2
wei/ui 為, 对 wei4, dui4
yao/iao 药,料 yao4, liao4
wai/uai 外,帅 wai4, shuai4
yua/ua 远,捐 yuan4, juan1

Levels of stress

See below a list of tones in Pinyin. The tone should be placed at the end of a syllable. To denote multiple syllables use a whitespace between each, for example /wo3 de5/ for 我 的.

Tone Description
1 High tone
2 Mid Rising tone
3 Low Dipping tone
4 High Falling tone
0 Neutral tone

Chinese, Mandarin (Traditional, Taiwan), cmn-Hant-TW

Phonemes

Pinyin Example Transcription
b bei3
p pan2
d dui4
t tan4
g gei3
k kan4
f fang4
s san1
sh shou4
h hua2
l le4
r ru4
m ma1
n na4
ng ding4
z zai4
c cai3
zh zhi3
ch chi2
j jiang3
y yue4
q qiang1
x 西 xi1
w wa1
j ju4
i di4
u lu3
ü lü3
a da1
e ye4
er er4
e e4
o long2
wo wo3
ai dai4
ei fei1
ao ao4
ou ou4

Levels of stress

See below a list of tones in Pinyin. The tone should be placed at the end of a syllable. To denote multiple syllables use a whitespace between each, for example /wo3 de5/ for 我 的.

Tone Description
1 High tone
2 Mid Rising tone
3 Low Dipping tone
4 High Falling tone
0 Neutral tone

Japanese Yomigana

Japanese pronunciations must be specified using yomigana, for example:

<phoneme alphabet="yomigana" ph="ちゅう">中</phoneme>
<phoneme alphabet="yomigana" ph="なか">中</phoneme>

The pronunciation can also contain pitch accents. The start of a pitch phrase is specified with ^ and the down-pitch position is specified with !, for example:

<phoneme alphabet="yomigana" phoneme="^はし">端</phoneme>
<phoneme alphabet="yomigana" phoneme="^は!し">箸</phoneme>
<phoneme alphabet="yomigana" phoneme="^はし!">橋</phoneme>

Vowel elongation is performed automatically, for example <phoneme alphabet="yomigana" phoneme="じょおう">女王</phoneme> will be correctly pronounced as じょおー (not じょーう).

Compound words are allowed, and segmentation is performed automatically.

Both katakana and hiragana are allowed.

Chinese, Cantonese (Traditional, Hong Kong), yue-Hant-HK

Phonemes

Jyutping Example Transcription
p paa3
b baa1
t taa1
d daa2
k kaa1
g gaa1
f faa1
s saa1
h haa1
m maa1
n naa5
ng ngaa4
c caa1
z zaa1
l laa1
kw kwaa1
gw gwaa1
w wu1
j 廿 jaa6
ng ng5
m m4
a san1
o so1
e se1
i si1
u fu1
yu syu1
aa saa1
oe goe3

Levels of stress

See below a list of tones in Jyutping. The tone should be placed at the end of a syllable. To denote multiple syllables use a whitespace between each, for example: /gong2 waa6/ for 講話

Tone Description
1 Top tone
2 High Rising tone
3 Mid tone
4 Low Falling tone
5 Low Rising tone
6 Low tone