快速入门：使用 Resource Manager API 中的 IAM 方法

本页面介绍了如何以您喜爱的编程语言开始使用 Resource Manager API 中的 IAM 方法。

准备工作

创建 Google Cloud 项目

在此快速入门中，您需要一个新的 Google Cloud 项目。

警告：如果您使用现有项目，则完成此快速入门后，部分用户将暂时能够访问该项目中的资源。

1. 登录您的 Google 帐号。

   如果您还没有 Google 帐号，请注册一个新帐号。

2. 在 Cloud Console 的项目选择器页面上，点击创建以开始创建新的 Cloud 项目。

   转到项目选择器页面

3. 启用 Resource Manager API。

   启用 API

4. 设置身份验证：

   1. 在 Cloud Console 中，转到创建服务帐号密钥页面。

      转到“创建服务帐号密钥”页面
   2. 从服务帐号列表中，选择新的服务帐号。
   3. 在服务帐号名称字段中，输入一个名称。

   4. 从角色列表中，选择项目 > Owner。

      注意：角色字段会为您的服务帐号授予资源访问权限。您稍后可以使用 Cloud Console 查看和更改此字段。如果您开发的是正式版应用，请指定比项目 > Owner 更为精细的权限。如需了解详情，请参阅为服务帐号授予角色。
   5. 点击创建。包含密钥的 JSON 文件就会下载到计算机。

5. 将环境变量 GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS 设置为包含您的服务帐号密钥的 JSON 文件的路径。 此变量仅适用于当前的 shell 会话，因此，如果您打开新的会话，请重新设置该变量。

   示例：Linux 或 macOS

   将 [PATH] 替换为包含您的服务帐号密钥的 JSON 文件的路径。

   export GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS="[PATH]"

   例如：

   export GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS="/home/user/Downloads/service-account-file.json"

   示例：Windows

   将 [PATH] 替换为包含您的服务帐号密钥的 JSON 文件的路径。

   使用 PowerShell：

   $env:GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS="[PATH]"

   例如：

   $env:GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS="C:\Users\username\Downloads\my-key.json"

   使用命令提示符：

   set GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS=[PATH]

安装客户端库

C#

如需详细了解如何设置 C# 开发环境，请参阅 C# 开发环境设置指南。

install-package Google.Apis.Iam.v1
install-package Google.Apis.CloudResourceManager.v1

Go

go get -u golang.org/x/oauth2/google
go get -u google.golang.org/api/cloudresourcemanager/v1

Java

如需详细了解如何设置 Java 开发环境，请参阅 Java 开发环境设置指南。

如果您使用的是 Maven，请将其添加到您的 pom.xml 文件中。

<dependency>
  <groupId>com.google.apis</groupId>
  <artifactId>google-api-services-iam</artifactId>
  <version>v1-rev20200910-1.30.10</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
  <groupId>com.google.auth</groupId>
  <artifactId>google-auth-library-oauth2-http</artifactId>
  <version>0.21.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
  <groupId>com.google.apis</groupId>
  <artifactId>google-api-services-cloudresourcemanager</artifactId>
  <version>v1-rev20200907-1.30.10</version><!-- v1 required here, v2 is different - DO NOT UPDATE to v2 -->
</dependency>

Python

如需详细了解如何设置 Python 开发环境，请参阅 Python 开发环境设置指南。

pip install --upgrade google-api-python-client google-auth google-auth-httplib2

读取、修改和编写 IAM 政策

本快速入门中的代码段会执行以下操作：

• 初始化用于管理 Google Cloud 项目的 Resource Manager 服务。
• 读取项目的 IAM 政策。
• 通过将 Log Writer 角色 (roles/logging.logWriter) 授予您的 Google 帐号来修改 IAM 政策。
• 写入更新后的 IAM 政策。
• 输出项目中具有 Log Writer 角色 (roles/logging.logWriter) 的所有成员。
• 撤消 Log Writer 角色。

在运行代码段之前替换以下值：

• your-project：您的项目的 ID。
• your-member：您的 Google 帐号的电子邮件地址和前缀 user: 的组合。例如 user:[e-mail]。

注意：以下代码段通过获取、修改和设置项目的 IAM 政策来修改访问权限。如需详细了解 IAM 政策，请参阅 IAM 概览。

C#

如需了解详情，请参阅 Resource Manager C# API 参考文档。

在 GitHub 上查看 反馈

using Google.Apis.Auth.OAuth2;
using Google.Apis.CloudResourceManager.v1;
using Google.Apis.CloudResourceManager.v1.Data;
using Google.Apis.Iam.v1;
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;

public class QuickStart
{
    public static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        // TODO: Replace with your project ID
        var projectId = "your-project";
        // TODO: Replace with the ID of your member in the form "user:[e-mail]"
        var member = "your-member";
        // Role to be granted
        var role = "roles/logging.logWriter";

        // Initialize service
        CloudResourceManagerService crmService = InitializeService();

        // Grant your member the "Log Writer" role for your project
        AddBinding(crmService, projectId, member, role);

        // Get the project's policy and print all members with the the "Log Writer" role
        var policy = GetPolicy(crmService, projectId);
        var binding = policy.Bindings.FirstOrDefault(x => x.Role == role);
        Console.WriteLine("Role: " + binding.Role);
        Console.Write("Members: ");
        foreach (var m in binding.Members)
        {
            Console.Write("[" + m + "] ");
        }
        Console.WriteLine();

        // Remove member from the "Log Writer" role
        RemoveMember(crmService, projectId, member, role);
    }

    public static CloudResourceManagerService InitializeService()
    {
        // Get credentials
        var credential = GoogleCredential.GetApplicationDefault()
            .CreateScoped(IamService.Scope.CloudPlatform);

        // Create the Cloud Resource Manager service object
        CloudResourceManagerService crmService = new CloudResourceManagerService(
            new CloudResourceManagerService.Initializer
            {
                HttpClientInitializer = credential
            });

        return crmService;
    }

    public static Policy GetPolicy(CloudResourceManagerService crmService, String projectId)
    {
        // Get the project's policy by calling the
        // Cloud Resource Manager Projects API
        var policy = crmService.Projects.GetIamPolicy(
            new GetIamPolicyRequest(),
            projectId).Execute();
        return policy;
    }

    public static void SetPolicy(CloudResourceManagerService crmService, String projectId, Policy policy)
    {
        // Set the project's policy by calling the
        // Cloud Resource Manager Projects API
        crmService.Projects.SetIamPolicy(
           new SetIamPolicyRequest
           {
               Policy = policy
           }, projectId).Execute();
    }

    public static void AddBinding(
        CloudResourceManagerService crmService,
        string projectId,
        string member,
        string role)
    {
        // Get the project's policy
        var policy = GetPolicy(crmService, projectId);

        // Find binding in policy
        var binding = policy.Bindings.FirstOrDefault(x => x.Role == role);

        // If binding already exists, add member to binding
        if (binding != null)
        {
            binding.Members.Add(member);
        }
        // If binding does not exist, add binding to policy
        else
        {
            binding = new Binding
            {
                Role = role,
                Members = new List<string> { member }
            };
            policy.Bindings.Add(binding);
        }

        // Set the updated policy
        SetPolicy(crmService, projectId, policy);
    }

    public static void RemoveMember(
        CloudResourceManagerService crmService,
        string projectId,
        string member,
        string role)
    {
        // Get the project's policy
        var policy = GetPolicy(crmService, projectId);

        // Remove the member from the role
        var binding = policy.Bindings.FirstOrDefault(x => x.Role == role);
        if (binding == null)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Role does not exist in policy.");
        }
        else
        {
            if (binding.Members.Contains(member))
            {
                binding.Members.Remove(member);
            }
            else
            {
                Console.WriteLine("The member has not been granted this role.");
            }

            if (binding.Members.Count == 0)
            {
                policy.Bindings.Remove(binding);
            }
        }

        // Set the updated policy
        SetPolicy(crmService, projectId, policy);
    }
}

Go

如需了解详情，请参阅 Resource Manager Go API 参考文档。

在 GitHub 上查看 反馈

package main

import (
	"context"
	"flag"
	"fmt"
	"log"
	"strings"
	"time"

	"google.golang.org/api/cloudresourcemanager/v1"
)

func main() {
	// TODO: Add your project ID
	projectID := flag.String("project_id", "", "Cloud Project ID")
	// TODO: Add the ID of your member in the form "user:[e-mail]"
	member := flag.String("member_id", "", "Your member ID")
	flag.Parse()

	// The role to be granted
	var role string = "roles/logging.logWriter"

	// Initializes the Cloud Resource Manager service
	ctx := context.Background()
	crmService, err := cloudresourcemanager.NewService(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatalf("cloudresourcemanager.NewService: %v", err)
	}

	// Grants your member the "Log writer" role for your project
	addBinding(crmService, *projectID, *member, role)

	// Gets the project's policy and prints all members with the "Log Writer" role
	policy := getPolicy(crmService, *projectID)
	// Find the policy binding for role. Only one binding can have the role.
	var binding *cloudresourcemanager.Binding
	for _, b := range policy.Bindings {
		if b.Role == role {
			binding = b
			break
		}
	}
	fmt.Println("Role: ", binding.Role)
	fmt.Print("Members: ", strings.Join(binding.Members, ", "))

	// Removes member from the "Log writer" role
	removeMember(crmService, *projectID, *member, role)

}

// addBinding adds the member to the project's IAM policy
func addBinding(crmService *cloudresourcemanager.Service, projectID, member, role string) {

	policy := getPolicy(crmService, projectID)

	// Find the policy binding for role. Only one binding can have the role.
	var binding *cloudresourcemanager.Binding
	for _, b := range policy.Bindings {
		if b.Role == role {
			binding = b
			break
		}
	}

	if binding != nil {
		// If the binding exists, adds the member to the binding
		binding.Members = append(binding.Members, member)
	} else {
		// If the binding does not exist, adds a new binding to the policy
		binding = &cloudresourcemanager.Binding{
			Role:    role,
			Members: []string{member},
		}
		policy.Bindings = append(policy.Bindings, binding)
	}

	setPolicy(crmService, projectID, policy)

}

// removeMember removes the member from the project's IAM policy
func removeMember(crmService *cloudresourcemanager.Service, projectID, member, role string) {

	policy := getPolicy(crmService, projectID)

	// Find the policy binding for role. Only one binding can have the role.
	var binding *cloudresourcemanager.Binding
	var bindingIndex int
	for i, b := range policy.Bindings {
		if b.Role == role {
			binding = b
			bindingIndex = i
			break
		}
	}

	// Order doesn't matter for bindings or members, so to remove, move the last item
	// into the removed spot and shrink the slice.
	if len(binding.Members) == 1 {
		// If the member is the only member in the binding, removes the binding
		last := len(policy.Bindings) - 1
		policy.Bindings[bindingIndex] = policy.Bindings[last]
		policy.Bindings = policy.Bindings[:last]
	} else {
		// If there is more than one member in the binding, removes the member
		var memberIndex int
		for i, mm := range binding.Members {
			if mm == member {
				memberIndex = i
			}
		}
		last := len(policy.Bindings[bindingIndex].Members) - 1
		binding.Members[memberIndex] = binding.Members[last]
		binding.Members = binding.Members[:last]
	}

	setPolicy(crmService, projectID, policy)

}

// getPolicy gets the project's IAM policy
func getPolicy(crmService *cloudresourcemanager.Service, projectID string) *cloudresourcemanager.Policy {

	ctx := context.Background()

	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, time.Second*10)
	defer cancel()
	request := new(cloudresourcemanager.GetIamPolicyRequest)
	policy, err := crmService.Projects.GetIamPolicy(projectID, request).Do()
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatalf("Projects.GetIamPolicy: %v", err)
	}

	return policy
}

// setPolicy sets the project's IAM policy
func setPolicy(crmService *cloudresourcemanager.Service, projectID string, policy *cloudresourcemanager.Policy) {

	ctx := context.Background()

	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, time.Second*10)
	defer cancel()
	request := new(cloudresourcemanager.SetIamPolicyRequest)
	request.Policy = policy
	policy, err := crmService.Projects.SetIamPolicy(projectID, request).Do()
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatalf("Projects.SetIamPolicy: %v", err)
	}
}

Java

如需了解详情，请参阅 Resource Manager Java API 参考文档。

在 GitHub 上查看 反馈

import com.google.api.client.googleapis.javanet.GoogleNetHttpTransport;
import com.google.api.client.json.jackson2.JacksonFactory;
import com.google.api.services.cloudresourcemanager.CloudResourceManager;
import com.google.api.services.cloudresourcemanager.model.Binding;
import com.google.api.services.cloudresourcemanager.model.GetIamPolicyRequest;
import com.google.api.services.cloudresourcemanager.model.Policy;
import com.google.api.services.cloudresourcemanager.model.SetIamPolicyRequest;
import com.google.api.services.iam.v1.IamScopes;
import com.google.auth.http.HttpCredentialsAdapter;
import com.google.auth.oauth2.GoogleCredentials;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.security.GeneralSecurityException;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.List;

public class QuickstartV2 {

  public static void main(String[] args) {
    // TODO: Replace with your project ID.
    String projectId = "your-project";
    // TODO: Replace with the ID of your member in the form "user:[e-mail]"
    String member = "your-member";
    // The role to be granted.
    String role = "roles/logging.logWriter";

    // Initializes the Cloud Resource Manager service.
    CloudResourceManager crmService = null;
    try {
      crmService = initializeService();
    } catch (IOException | GeneralSecurityException e) {
      System.out.println("Unable to initialize service: \n" + e.toString());
    }

    // Grants your member the "Log writer" role for your project.
    addBinding(crmService, projectId, member, role);

    // Get the project's policy and print all members with the "Log Writer" role
    Policy policy = getPolicy(crmService, projectId);
    Binding binding = null;
    List<Binding> bindings = policy.getBindings();
    for (Binding b : bindings) {
      if (b.getRole().equals(role)) {
        binding = b;
        break;
      }
    }
    System.out.println("Role: " + binding.getRole());
    System.out.print("Members: ");
    for (String m : binding.getMembers()) {
      System.out.print("[" + m + "] ");
    }
    System.out.println();

    // Removes member from the "Log writer" role.
    removeMember(crmService, projectId, member, role);
  }

  public static CloudResourceManager initializeService()
      throws IOException, GeneralSecurityException {
    // Use the Application Default Credentials strategy for authentication. For more info, see:
    // https://cloud.google.com/docs/authentication/production#finding_credentials_automatically
    GoogleCredentials credential =
        GoogleCredentials.getApplicationDefault()
            .createScoped(Collections.singleton(IamScopes.CLOUD_PLATFORM));

    // Creates the Cloud Resource Manager service object.
    CloudResourceManager service =
        new CloudResourceManager.Builder(
                GoogleNetHttpTransport.newTrustedTransport(),
                JacksonFactory.getDefaultInstance(),
                new HttpCredentialsAdapter(credential))
            .setApplicationName("service-accounts")
            .build();
    return service;
  }

  public static void addBinding(
      CloudResourceManager crmService, String projectId, String member, String role) {

    // Gets the project's policy.
    Policy policy = getPolicy(crmService, projectId);

    // Finds binding in policy, if it exists
    Binding binding = null;
    for (Binding b : policy.getBindings()) {
      if (b.getRole().equals(role)) {
        binding = b;
        break;
      }
    }

    if (binding != null) {
      // If binding already exists, adds member to binding.
      binding.getMembers().add(member);
    } else {
      // If binding does not exist, adds binding to policy.
      binding = new Binding();
      binding.setRole(role);
      binding.setMembers(Collections.singletonList(member));
      policy.getBindings().add(binding);
    }

    // Sets the updated policy
    setPolicy(crmService, projectId, policy);
  }

  public static void removeMember(
      CloudResourceManager crmService, String projectId, String member, String role) {
    // Gets the project's policy.
    Policy policy = getPolicy(crmService, projectId);

    // Removes the member from the role.
    Binding binding = null;
    for (Binding b : policy.getBindings()) {
      if (b.getRole().equals(role)) {
        binding = b;
        break;
      }
    }
    if (binding.getMembers().contains(member)) {
      binding.getMembers().remove(member);
      if (binding.getMembers().isEmpty()) {
        policy.getBindings().remove(binding);
      }
    }

    // Sets the updated policy.
    setPolicy(crmService, projectId, policy);
  }

  public static Policy getPolicy(CloudResourceManager crmService, String projectId) {
    // Gets the project's policy by calling the
    // Cloud Resource Manager Projects API.
    Policy policy = null;
    try {
      GetIamPolicyRequest request = new GetIamPolicyRequest();
      policy = crmService.projects().getIamPolicy(projectId, request).execute();
    } catch (IOException e) {
      System.out.println("Unable to get policy: \n" + e.toString());
    }
    return policy;
  }

  private static void setPolicy(CloudResourceManager crmService, String projectId, Policy policy) {
    // Sets the project's policy by calling the
    // Cloud Resource Manager Projects API.
    try {
      SetIamPolicyRequest request = new SetIamPolicyRequest();
      request.setPolicy(policy);
      crmService.projects().setIamPolicy(projectId, request).execute();
    } catch (IOException e) {
      System.out.println("Unable to set policy: \n" + e.toString());
    }
  }
}

Python

如需了解详情，请参阅 Resource Manager Python API 参考文档。

在 GitHub 上查看 反馈

import os

from google.oauth2 import service_account
import googleapiclient.discovery

def quickstart(project_id, member):
    """Gets a policy, adds a member, prints their permissions, and removes the member."""

    # Role to be granted.
    role = "roles/logging.logWriter"

    # Initializes service.
    crm_service = initialize_service()

    # Grants your member the 'Log Writer' role for the project.
    modify_policy_add_role(crm_service, project_id, role, member)

    # Gets the project's policy and prints all members with the 'Log Writer' role.
    policy = get_policy(crm_service, project_id)
    binding = next(b for b in policy["bindings"] if b["role"] == role)
    print(f'Role: {(binding["role"])}')
    print("Members: ")
    for m in binding["members"]:
        print(f'[{m}]')

    # Removes the member from the 'Log Writer' role.
    modify_policy_remove_member(crm_service, project_id, role, member)

def initialize_service():
    """Initializes a Cloud Resource Manager service."""

    credentials = service_account.Credentials.from_service_account_file(
        filename=os.environ["GOOGLE_APPLICATION_CREDENTIALS"],
        scopes=["https://www.googleapis.com/auth/cloud-platform"],
    )
    crm_service = googleapiclient.discovery.build(
        "cloudresourcemanager", "v1", credentials=credentials
    )
    return crm_service

def modify_policy_add_role(crm_service, project_id, role, member):
    """Adds a new role binding to a policy."""

    policy = get_policy(crm_service, project_id)

    binding = None
    for b in policy["bindings"]:
        if b["role"] == role:
            binding = b
            break
    if binding is not None:
        binding["members"].append(member)
    else:
        binding = {"role": role, "members": [member]}
        policy["bindings"].append(binding)

    set_policy(crm_service, project_id, policy)

def modify_policy_remove_member(crm_service, project_id, role, member):
    """Removes a  member from a role binding."""

    policy = get_policy(crm_service, project_id)

    binding = next(b for b in policy["bindings"] if b["role"] == role)
    if "members" in binding and member in binding["members"]:
        binding["members"].remove(member)

    set_policy(crm_service, project_id, policy)

def get_policy(crm_service, project_id, version=3):
    """Gets IAM policy for a project."""

    policy = (
        crm_service.projects()
        .getIamPolicy(
            resource=project_id,
            body={"options": {"requestedPolicyVersion": version}},
        )
        .execute()
    )
    return policy

def set_policy(crm_service, project_id, policy):
    """Sets IAM policy for a project."""

    policy = (
        crm_service.projects()
        .setIamPolicy(resource=project_id, body={"policy": policy})
        .execute()
    )
    return policy

if __name__ == '__main__':

    # TODO: replace with your project ID
    project_id = "your_project_id"
    # TODO: Replace with the ID of your member in the form 'user:[e-mail].
    member = "your_member"
    quickstart(project_id, member)

恭喜！您使用了 Resource Manager API 中的 IAM 方法来修改项目的访问权限。

结果怎么样？

成功了！

太棒了！ 您对本快速入门有何看法？我们可以在哪些方面做出改进？ 欢迎提供您的意见！

遇到了问题！

我们对此深表遗憾。 请告诉我们您遇到了什么问题。我们会予以修正。

清理

• 使用 Cloud Console 删除不需要的项目。

后续步骤

• 了解 IAM 的工作原理。
• 详细了解如何授予、更改和撤消访问权限。
• 使用政策问题排查工具排查访问权限问题。