创建容器优化型部署

该完整示例描述了使用容器优化映像的虚拟机如何创建部署。如需详细了解如何通过 Compute Engine 使用容器，请参阅容器优化的 Compute Engine 映像。

本演示介绍以下各项的方法：

1. 创建简单的容器清单。
2. 创建使用容器映像的配置和模板。
3. 部署资源并验证部署是否成功。

创建容器清单

如需使用容器，您必须定义容器清单。该清单描述了容器映像、要启动的容器、启动时执行的命令以及要启用的端口等属性。

创建名为 container_manifest.yaml 且包含以下内容的文件：

# Copyright 2016 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

# This is a container manifest, as described here:
#   https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/containers/container_vms
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  name: simple-echo
spec:
  containers:
    - name: simple-echo
      image: gcr.io/google-samples/hello-app:2.0
      imagePullPolicy: Always
      ports:
        - containerPort: 8080
          hostPort: 8080

此清单创建名为 simple-echo 的容器，该容器使用 Hello 应用容器映像并启动监听端口 8080 的 echo 服务器。

创建模板和配置

接下来，创建一个模板，启动具有容器优化型映像的虚拟机实例。创建名为 container_vm.[jinja|py] 且包含以下内容的文件：

Jinja

{% set COMPUTE_URL_BASE = 'https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/' %}
{% set BASE_NAME = env['deployment'] + '-' + env['name'] %}

{% macro GlobalComputeUrl(project, collection, name) -%}
{{ COMPUTE_URL_BASE }}projects/{{ project }}/global/{{ collection }}/{{ name }}
{%- endmacro %}

{% macro ZonalComputeUrl(project, zone, collection, name) -%}
{{ COMPUTE_URL_BASE }}projects/{{ project }}/zones/{{ zone }}/{{ collection }}/{{ name }}
{%- endmacro %}

resources:
- name: {{ BASE_NAME }}
  type: compute.v1.instance
  properties:
    zone: {{ properties['zone'] }}
    machineType: {{ ZonalComputeUrl(env['project'], properties['zone'], 'machineTypes', 'n1-standard-1') }}
    metadata:
      items:
        - key: gce-container-declaration
          value: |
            {{ imports[properties['containerManifest']]|indent(12) }}
    disks:
      - deviceName: boot
        type: PERSISTENT
        autoDelete: true
        boot: true
        initializeParams:
          diskName: {{ BASE_NAME }}-disk
          sourceImage: {{ GlobalComputeUrl('cos-cloud', 'images', properties['containerImage']) }}
    networkInterfaces:
      - accessConfigs:
          - name: external-nat
            type: ONE_TO_ONE_NAT
        network: {{ GlobalComputeUrl(env['project'],  'networks', 'default') }}
    serviceAccounts:
      - email: default
        scopes:
        - https://www.googleapis.com/auth/logging.write
        - https://www.googleapis.com/auth/monitoring.write

Python

# Copyright 2016 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

"""Creates a Container VM with the provided Container manifest."""

COMPUTE_URL_BASE = 'https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/'

def GlobalComputeUrl(project, collection, name):
  return ''.join([COMPUTE_URL_BASE, 'projects/', project,
                  '/global/', collection, '/', name])

def ZonalComputeUrl(project, zone, collection, name):
  return ''.join([COMPUTE_URL_BASE, 'projects/', project,
                  '/zones/', zone, '/', collection, '/', name])

def GenerateConfig(context):
  """Generate configuration."""

  res = []
  base_name = (context.env['deployment'] + '-' +
               context.env['name'])

  # Properties for the container-based instance.
  instance = {
      'zone': context.properties['zone'],
      'machineType': ZonalComputeUrl(context.env['project'],
                                     context.properties['zone'],
                                     'machineTypes',
                                     'n1-standard-1'),
      'metadata': {
          'items': [{
              'key': 'gce-container-declaration',
              'value': context.imports[
                  context.properties['containerManifest']],
              }]
      },
      'disks': [{
          'deviceName': 'boot',
          'type': 'PERSISTENT',
          'autoDelete': True,
          'boot': True,
          'initializeParams': {
              'diskName': base_name + '-disk',
              'sourceImage': GlobalComputeUrl('cos-cloud',
                                              'images',
                                              context.properties[
                                                  'containerImage'])
              },
      }],
      'networkInterfaces': [{
          'accessConfigs': [{
              'name': 'external-nat',
              'type': 'ONE_TO_ONE_NAT'
              }],
          'network': GlobalComputeUrl(context.env['project'],
                                      'networks',
                                      'default')
      }],
      'serviceAccounts': [{
          'email': 'default',
          'scopes': [
            "https://www.googleapis.com/auth/logging.write",
            "https://www.googleapis.com/auth/monitoring.write"
          ]
      }]
  }
  res.append({
      'name': base_name,
      'type': 'compute.v1.instance',
      'properties': instance
  })
  # Resources to return.
  resources = {
      'resources': res,
  }

  return resources

创建相应的架构文件，以实施模板的结构：

Jinja

# Copyright 2016 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

info:
  title: Container VM
  author: Google Inc.
  description: Creates a Container VM with the provided Container manifest.

required:
  - zone
  - containerImage
  - containerManifest

properties:
  zone:
    description: Zone in which this VM will run
    type: string
  containerImage:
    description: Name of the Google Cloud Container VM Image
    type: string
  containerManifest:
    description: String containing the Container Manifest in YAML
    type: string

Python

# Copyright 2016 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

info:
  title: Container VM
  author: Google Inc.
  description: Creates a Container VM with the provided Container manifest.

required:
  - zone
  - containerImage
  - containerManifest

properties:
  zone:
    description: Zone in which this VM will run
    type: string
  containerImage:
    description: Name of the Google Cloud Container VM Image
    type: string
  containerManifest:
    description: String containing the Container Manifest in YAML
    type: string

请注意，此模板中定义的多项参数包括：

• deployment、name 和 project 环境变量。Deployment Manager 会自动填充这些变量，无需您执行其他操作。
• zone、containerImage 和 containerManifest 属性，将在配置中进行定义。

创建名为 container_vm.yaml 的配置文件，如下所示：

Jinja

# Copyright 2016 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

imports:
- path: ../../common/container_manifest.yaml
  name: container_manifest
- path: container_vm.jinja

resources:
  - name: my-container-vm
    type: container_vm.jinja
    properties:
      zone: ZONE_TO_RUN
      containerImage: family/cos-stable
      containerManifest: container_manifest

Python

# Copyright 2016 Google Inc. All rights reserved.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

imports:
- path: ../../common/container_manifest.yaml
  name: container_manifest
- path: container_vm.py

resources:
  - name: my-container-vm
    type: container_vm.py
    properties:
      zone: ZONE_TO_RUN
      containerImage: family/cos-stable
      containerManifest: container_manifest

确保将 ZONE_TO_RUN 替换为虚拟机所需的地区。请注意，该文件还定义了要使用的容器映像以及您之前创建的容器清单。

部署虚拟机实例

最后，使用 Google Cloud CLI 部署您的虚拟机实例：

gcloud deployment-manager deployments create my-container-deployment \
  --config container_vm.yaml

创建部署后，您可以查看部署的详细信息。例如：

$ gcloud deployment-manager deployments describe my-container-deployment
creationTimestamp: '2015-04-02T12:24:31.645-07:00'
fingerprint: ''
id: '8602410885927938432'
manifest: https://www.googleapis.com/deploymentmanager/v2/projects/myproject/global/deployments/my-container-deployment/manifests/manifest-1428002671645
name: my-container-deployment
state: DEPLOYED
resources:
NAME                                     TYPE                 ID                   UPDATE_STATE  ERRORS
my-container-deployment-my-container-vm  compute.v1.instance  3775082612632070557  COMPLETED     -

验证实例是否正在运行

要测试容器实例是否已启动，请在浏览器中访问虚拟机的外部 IP 地址，该地址应显示 hello world：

1. 添加 Compute Engine 防火墙规则，以允许您通过端口 8080 查询虚拟机上的流量：

   gcloud compute firewall-rules create allow-8080 --allow tcp:8080
   

2. 获取实例的外部 IP 地址：

   $ gcloud compute instances describe my-container-deployment-my-container-vm
   ...
   name: my-container-vm-my-container-deployment
   networkInterfaces:
   - accessConfigs:
     - kind: compute#accessConfig
       name: external-nat
       natIP: 104.197.8.138
       type: ONE_TO_ONE_NAT
     name: nic0
     network: https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/myproject/global/networks/default
     networkIP: 10.240.97.220
   scheduling:
     automaticRestart: true
     onHostMaintenance: MIGRATE
   selfLink: https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/myproject/zones/us-central1-a/instances/my-container-deployment-my-container-vm
   status: RUNNING
   tags:
     fingerprint: 42WmSpB8rSM=
   zone: https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/myproject/zones/us-central1-a
   ...

   在此示例中，外部 IP 为 104.197.8.138。

3. 在浏览器窗口中，在浏览器栏中输入外部 IP 和端口 8080，例如 104.197.8.138:8080。

   如果成功，您应该看到 hello world 消息。

（可选）删除部署

如果您希望节省成本并且不再想要或需要部署，请删除部署。

gcloud deployment-manager deployments delete my-container-deployment

后续步骤

阅读完整用户指南或通过 API 详细了解 Deployment Manager。

试用一些其他教程：

• 创建网络负载平衡日志应用。
• 创建 HTTP 负载平衡日志应用。