This document describes how to consume and manage reservations for Compute Engine zonal resources. Reservations provide a very high level of assurance in obtaining capacity for Compute Engine zonal resources. Each reservation provides assurance for one or more virtual machine (VM) instances with the same properties. To learn about reservations, see Reservations of Compute Engine zonal resources. To learn how to create reservations, see Create a reservation for a single project or Create a shared reservation.
Before you begin
- If you want to use the command-line examples in this guide, do the following:
- Install or update to the latest version of the Google Cloud CLI.
- Set a default region and zone.
- If you want to use the API examples in this guide, set up API access.
- Review the requirements and restrictions for reservations.
Consuming reserved instances
When you create a virtual machine (VM) instance, set the instance's reservation affinity property to choose if the instance can use any available matching reservation (default), use a specific reservation, or use no reservation at all. The reservation affinity property appears as the following:
- Use with VM instance section in Cloud console
--reservation-affinity
flag in gcloud CLI"reservationAffinity"
field in the Compute Engine API
In all cases, a VM can only consume a reservation if all the following properties for both the VM and reservation are exactly matching:
- Project
- Zone
- Machine type
- Minimum CPU platform
- GPU type and count
- Local SSD type and count
For an instance to consume from a specific reservation, that reservation must be created with the corresponding specific reservation required property.
For more information, see How reservations work.
Consuming instances from any matching reservation
In this consumption model, existing and new instances automatically count against the reservation if those instances' properties match the reserved instance's properties. This model is useful if you create and delete lots of VMs and you want to use the reservations whenever possible.
When using this consumption model, all single-project reservations are consumed before any shared reservations, since the latter are more widely available. For more information about how instances are automatically consumed, see consumption order.
To use this model, exclude the --require-specific-reservation
flag when
creating your reservations, so that matching instances can consume from these
reservations automatically.
Console
Create a reservation with resources that can be used by instances with a reservation affinity property configured to consume any reservations (default).
In the Cloud console, go to the Committed use discounts page.
To create a standalone reservation that has no parent commitment, click Create reservation.
Name your reservation, for example:
reservation-01
.Under Use with VM instance, select Use reservation automatically, so that any matching instances can automatically use this reservation.
Choose the Region and Zone where you want to reserve resources.
Specify the Number of VM instances that you want to reserve.
Specify the resources that you want each instance to have:
- Number of vCPUs
- Minimum CPU platform
- Amount of memory
- GPUs
- Local SSD (as required)
Click the Create button to create the reservation.
Create a VM instance that targets any open reservation and that matches the instance properties in
reservation-01
, including the zone, machine type (machine family. vCPUs, and memory), minimum CPU platform, GPU amount and type, and local SSD amount and interface.In the Google Cloud console, go to the Create an instance page.
Specify a name for your VM.
In the Machine type section, specify a machine that matches the properties of
reservation-01
. For example, if you specified a minimum CPU platform or GPUs in the reservation, then, to consume the reservation, you must customize this VM to match the reservation.Expand the Networking, disks, security, management, sole tenancy section, and then do the following:
- Expand the Disks section.
- If your reservation includes local SSDs, to add local SSDs that match the reservation's local SSD interface and amount, click Add local SSDs.
- Expand the Management section.
- In the Reservations list, click Automatically use created reservation.
Click Create.
gcloud
Create an open reservation called
reservation-01
.gcloud compute reservations create reservation-01 \ --vm-count=2 \ --machine-type=n2-standard-32 \ --min-cpu-platform "Intel Cascade Lake" \ --accelerator=count=2,type=nvidia-tesla-v100 \ --local-ssd=size=375,interface=scsi \ --zone=us-central1-a
Create a VM instance that targets any open reservation and that matches the instance properties in
reservation-01
, including the zone, machine type (machine family. vCPUs, and memory), minimum CPU platform, GPU amount and type, and local SSD amount and interface.gcloud compute instances create instance-1 \ --machine-type=n2-standard-32 \ --min-cpu-platform="Intel Cascade Lake" \ --accelerator=count=2,type=nvidia-tesla-v100 \ --local-ssd=size=375,interface=scsi \ --zone=us-central1-a \ --reservation-affinity=any
API
Create an open reservation named
reservation-01
.POST https://compute.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/my-project/zones/us-central1-a/reservations { "name":"reservation-01", "specificReservation":{ "count":"2", "instanceProperties":{ "machineType":"n2-standard-32", "minCpuPlatform": "Intel Cascade Lake", } }, "specificReservationRequired": false }
Create a VM instance that targets any open reservation and that matches the instance properties in
reservation-01
, including the zone, machine type (machine family. vCPUs, and memory), minimum CPU platform, GPU amount and type, and local SSD amount and interface.POST https://compute.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/my-project/zones/us-central1-a/instances { "name": "instance-1", "machineType": "zones/us-central1-a/machineTypes/n2-standard-32", "minCpuPlatform": "Intel Cascade Lake", "reservationAffinity": { "consumeReservationType": "ANY_RESERVATION" }, ... }
Consuming instances from a specific reservation
In this consumption model, only new instances that target a specific reservation by name consume that reservation, and the reservation is not consumed automatically. This model is useful, for example, when you want to hold a certain amount of capacity as backup for special events.
When creating the reservation, specify that instances are required to target the specific reservation by using one of the following methods:
- In the Cloud console, select the Select specific reservation checkbox.
- In the gcloud CLI, include the
--require-specific-reservation
flag. - In the Compute Engine API, set the
specificReservationRequired
field totrue
.
Then create VMs that specifically target that reservation and that match its properties.
If you are using an instance template to create VMs in a regional managed instance group, create identical reservations with the same name in each applicable zone. Then, target the reservations by name in the group's instance template.
For example, create a specific reservation named reservation-02
, and then
create a matching instance that targets that reservation and that matches the
reservation's instance properties.
Depending on the type of instance you want to consume, follow the steps for Consuming a specific single-project reservation or Consuming a specific shared reservation.
Consuming a specific single-project reservation
To consume a specific single-project reservation, use the Cloud console, gcloud CLI, or Compute Engine API.
Console
Create a reservation with resources that can only be used by instances that specifically target this reservation by name.
In the Cloud console, go to the Committed use discounts page.
Click Create reservation to create a standalone reservation that has no parent commitment.
Name your reservation, for example:
reservation-02
.Under Use with VM instance, check Select specific reservation, so that only matching instances that specifically target this reservation by name can use this reservation.
Choose the Region and Zone where you want to reserve resources.
Specify the Number of VM instances that you want to reserve.
Specify the resources that you want each instance to have:
- Number of vCPUs
- Minimum CPU platform
- Amount of memory
- GPUs
- Local SSD
Click Create.
Create a VM instance that targets that specific reservation by name.
Ensure that the instance's properties match the instance properties of that specific reservation, including the zone, machine type (machine family, vCPUs, and memory), minimum CPU platform, GPU amount and type, and local SSD interface and size.
In the Google Cloud console, go to the Create an instance page.
Specify a name for your VM.
In the Machine type section, select a machine that matches the properties of
reservation-01
. For example, if you specified a minimum CPU platform in the reservation, then, to consume the reservation, you must customize this instance to match the reservation.Expand the Networking, disks, security, management, sole tenancy section, and then do the following:
- Expand the Disks section.
- If your reservation includes local SSDs, to add local SSDs that match the reservation's local SSD interface and amount, click Add local SSDs.
- Expand the Management section.
- In the Reservations list, select an available
reservation with matching properties—for example,
reservation-02
.
To create the VM, click Create.
gcloud
Create a reservation named
reservation-02
with the--require-specific-reservation
flag. These reserved resources can be used only by instances that specifically target this reservation by name.gcloud compute reservations create reservation-02 \ --machine-type=n2-standard-32 \ --min-cpu-platform "Intel Cascade Lake" \ --vm-count=10 \ --zone=us-central1-a \ --require-specific-reservation
Create a VM instance that targets
reservation-02
by name by using the--reservation-affinity
and--reservation
flags.Ensure that the instance's properties match the reservation's instance properties, including the zone, machine type (machine family, vCPUs, and memory), minimum CPU platform, GPU amount and type, and local SSD interface and size.
gcloud compute instances create instance-2 \ --machine-type=n2-standard-32 \ --min-cpu-platform "Intel Cascade Lake" \ --zone=us-central1-a \ --reservation-affinity=specific \ --reservation=reservation-02
API
Create a reservation named
reservation-02
with thespecificReservationRequired
field set totrue
.POST https://compute.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/my-project/zones/us-central1-a/reservations { "name":"reservation-02", "specificReservation":{ "count":"10", "instanceProperties":{ "machineType":"n2-standard-32", "minCpuPlatform": "Intel Cascade Lake", } }, "specificReservationRequired": true }
Create a VM instance that targets
reservation-02
by name by using thereservationAffinity
field.Ensure that the instance's properties match the reservation's instance properties, including the zone, machine type (machine family, vCPUs, and memory), minimum CPU platform, GPU amount and type, and local SSD interface and size.
POST https://compute.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/my-project/zones/us-central1-a/instances { "name": "instance-2", "machineType": "zones/us-central1-a/machineTypes/n2-standard-32", "minCpuPlatform": "Intel Cascade Lake", "reservationAffinity": { "consumeReservationType": "SPECIFIC_RESERVATION", "key": "compute.googleapis.com/reservation-name", "values": ["reservations/reservation-02" ] }, ... }
Consuming a specific shared reservation
To consume a specific single-project reservation, use the gcloud CLI or Compute Engine API.
gcloud
Create a reservation named
reservation-02
with the--require-specific-reservation
flag. These reserved resources can be used only by instances that specifically target this reservation by name.gcloud compute reservations create reservation-02 \ --machine-type=n2-standard-32 \ --min-cpu-platform "Intel Cascade Lake" \ --vm-count=10 \ --zone=us-central1-a \ --project=my-owner-project \ --share-setting=projects \ --share-with=project-1,project-2 \ --require-specific-reservation
Create a VM instance that targets
reservation-02
by name by using the--reservation-affinity
and--reservation
flags. To consume this reservation from any consumer projects that this reservation is shared with, you must also specify the project that created the reservation,my-owner-project
.Ensure that the instance's properties match the reservation's instance properties, including the zone, machine type (machine family, vCPUs, and memory), minimum CPU platform, GPU amount and type, and local SSD interface and size.
gcloud compute instances create instance-2 \ --machine-type=n2-standard-32 \ --min-cpu-platform "Intel Cascade Lake" \ --zone=us-central1-a \ --reservation-affinity=specific \ --reservation=projects/my-owner-project/reservations/reservation-02
API
Create a reservation named
reservation-02
with thespecificReservationRequired
field set totrue
.POST https://compute.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/my-owner-project/zones/us-central1-a/reservations { "name":"reservation-02", "specificReservation":{ "count":"10", "instanceProperties":{ "machineType":"n2-standard-32", "minCpuPlatform": "Intel Cascade Lake" } }, "shareSettings": { "shareType": "SPECIFIC_PROJECTS", "projectMap": { "project-1": { "projectId": "project-1" }, "project-2": { "projectId": "project-2" } } } "specificReservationRequired": true }
Create a VM instance that targets
reservation-02
by name by using thereservationAffinity
field. To consume this reservation from any consumer projects that this reservation is shared with, you must also specify the project that created the reservation,my-owner-project
.Ensure that the instance's properties match the reservation's instance properties, including the zone, machine type (machine family, vCPUs, and memory), minimum CPU platform, GPU amount and type, and local SSD interface and size.
POST https://compute.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/project-2/zones/us-central1-a/instances { "name": "instance-2", "machineType": "zones/us-central1-a/machineTypes/n2-standard-32", "minCpuPlatform": "Intel Cascade Lake", "reservationAffinity": { "consumeReservationType": "SPECIFIC_RESERVATION", "key": "compute.googleapis.com/reservation-name", "values": ["projects/my-owner-project/reservations/reservation-02" ] }, ... }
Creating instances without consuming reservations
To explicitly avoid consuming resources from any reservation, set the reservation affinity property to not use any reservations when creating the VM. Or, to implicitly avoid using up any of your reservations, create an instance that doesn't match the instance properties of any of your reservations.
Console
Create a VM that explicitly doesn't consume from a reservation.
In the Google Cloud console, go to the Create an instance page.
Create a VM. For more information, see Creating and starting a VM instance.
Expand the Networking, disks, security, management, sole tenancy section, and then do the following:
- Expand the Management section.
- To ensure that this VM doesn't consume from existing reservations, in the Reservations list, select Don't use.
Click Create.
gcloud
Create an instance that explicitly does not consume from a reservation.
gcloud compute instances create instance-3 --reservation-affinity=none
Or create an instance that does not match the instance properties in any of your reservations. To review your reservation properties, see listing and describing reservations.
API
Create an instance that explicitly does not consume from a reservation.
POST https://compute.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/my-project/zones/us-central1-a/instances { "machineType": "zones/us-central1-a/machineTypes/n2-standard-32", "name": "instance-3", "reservationAffinity": { "consumeReservationType": "NO_RESERVATION" }, ... }
Or create an instance that does not match the instance properties in any of your reservations. To review your reservation properties, see listing and describing reservations.
Troubleshooting
Learn how to verify reservation consumption and troubleshoot issues with reservation consumption.
Listing and describing reservations
List and view details about your reservation using the console, the gcloud CLI, or the API.
Console
In the Cloud console, go to the Committed use discounts page.
Click Reservations.
The list of reservations includes details about each reservation. The
Machines used (total) column describes the utilization of
each reservation. For example, a reservation that displays 25 (50)
is
a reservation for 50 instances, and 25 of these instances have been
consumed and are currently in use.
gcloud
View a list of your reservations with the
gcloud compute reservations list
command:
gcloud compute reservations list [--filter="zone:('ZONE')"]
NAME IN_USE_COUNT COUNT ZONE
reservation-04 25 50 us-central1-a
reservation-05 0 100 us-central1-b
Describe your reservations with the
gcloud compute reservations describe
command:
gcloud compute reservations describe RESERVATION_NAME --zone=ZONE
kind: compute#reservation
name: reservation-04
selfLink: https://compute.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/my-project/zones/us-central1-a/reservations/reservation-04
specificReservation:
count: '50'
inUseCount: '25'
instanceProperties:
guestAccelerators:
- acceleratorCount: 1
acceleratorType: nvidia-tesla-k80
localSsds:
- diskSizeGb: '375'
interface: SCSI
machineType: n1-standard-2
minCpuPlatform: Any CPU Platform
specificReservationRequired: false
status: READY
zone: https://compute.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/my-project/zones/us-central1-a
You can use the count
and inUseCount
values to determine the utilization
of each reservation. In this example, 50 instances are reserved for
reservation-04, and 25 of these instances have been consumed from the
reservation and are currently in use.
To create an instance that uses this reservation, remember to match the reservation's instance properties. For example:
gcloud compute instances create my-instance \ --accelerator=type=nvidia-tesla-k80,count=1 \ --local-ssd=size=375,interface=scsi \ --machine-type n1-standard-2 \ --zone us-central1-a
API
In the API, list your reservations by making a GET
request to the
reservations.list
method.
GET https://compute.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/PROJECT_ID/zones/ZONE/reservations/RESERVATION_NAME
{
"id": "4100668622331754141",
"creationTimestamp": "2019-09-27T08:21:14.707-07:00",
"selfLink": "https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/my-project/zones/us-central1-a/reservations/reservation-05",
"zone": "https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/my-project/zones/us-central1-a",
"name": "reservation-05",
"specificReservation": {
"instanceProperties": {
"machineType": "n1-standard-2"
},
"count": "100",
"inUseCount": "0"
},
"specificReservationRequired": false,
"status": "READY",
"kind": "compute#reservation"
},
{
"id": "2533514314332214789",
"creationTimestamp": "2019-09-27T08:21:14.707-07:00",
"selfLink": "https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/my-project/zones/us-central1-a/reservations/reservation-04",
"zone": "https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/my-project/zones/us-central1-a",
"name": "reservation-04",
"specificReservation": {
"instanceProperties": {
"machineType": "n1-standard-2",
"guestAccelerators": [
{
"acceleratorType": "nvidia-tesla-k80",
"acceleratorCount": 1
}
],
"minCpuPlatform": "Any CPU Platform",
"localSsds": [
{
"diskSizeGb": "375",
"interface": "SCSI"
}
]
},
"count": "50",
"inUseCount": "25"
},
"specificReservationRequired": false,
"status": "READY",
"kind": "compute#reservation"
}
Describe a reservation by calling the
reservations.get
method.
GET https://compute.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/PROJECT_ID/zones/ZONE/reservations/RESERVATION_NAME
{
"id": "2533514314332214789",
"creationTimestamp": "2019-09-27T08:21:14.707-07:00",
"selfLink": "https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/my-project/zones/us-central1-a/reservations/reservation-04",
"zone": "https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/my-project/zones/us-centra1-a",
"name": "reservation-04",
"specificReservationRequired": false,
"status": "READY",
"kind": "compute#reservation",
"specificReservation": {
"instanceProperties": {
"machineType": "n1-standard-2",
"guestAccelerators": [
{
"acceleratorType": "nvidia-tesla-k80",
"acceleratorCount": 1
}
],
"minCpuPlatform": "Any CPU Platform",
"localSsds": [
{
"diskSizeGb": "375",
"interface": "SCSI"
}
]
},
"count": "50",
"inUseCount": "25"
}
}
You can use the count
and inUseCount
values to determine the utilization
of each reservation. In this example 50 instances are reserved,
and 25 of these instances have been consumed from the reservation and
are currently in use
Modifying reservations
Resize a reservation if you want to change the number of VMs reserved. Modify which projects can consume a shared reservation if you want to want to limit or expand consumption.
To change any other properties of a reservation, first create a new reservation then delete the older reservation.
Resizing a reservation
You can resize the number of VMs in a reservation using the gcloud CLI or the API.
gcloud
Resize your reservation by using the
gcloud compute reservations update
command. For example:
For example, suppose you create a reservation for two VM instances:
gcloud compute reservations create reservation-01 \ --machine-type=n2-standard-32 \ --zone=us-central1-a \ --vm-count=2
To resize the example reservation from two to ten VM instances, use the following command:
gcloud compute reservations update reservation-01 \ --zone=us-central1-a \ --vm-count=10
API
In the API, construct a POST
request to the
reservations.resize
method and include the new specificSkuCount
in the request body.
The following request body updates the reservation's VM count to 10
.
POST https://compute.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/<var>PROJECT_ID</var>/zones/<var>ZONE</var>/reservations/<var>RESERVATION_NAME</var>/resize
{"specificSkuCount": "10"}
The update request succeeds if, at the time of the request, there are enough resources in the target zone and sufficient quota in the target region.
Modifying the consumer projects for a shared reservation
To modify the consumer projects for a shared reservation, use the gcloud CLI or the Compute Engine API. You can see the projects that a reservation is shared with by describing the reservation.
gcloud
Using the gcloud CLI, you can change the list of projects that can consume a shared reservation by adding projects, removing projects, or replacing the entire list.
To add one or more projects to the list of projects that can consume a shared reservation, use the
gcloud compute reservations update
command with the--add-share-with
flag.gcloud compute reservations update RESERVATION_NAME \ --zone=ZONE \ --project=OWNER_PROJECT_ID --add-share-with=CONSUMER_PROJECT_IDS \
Replace the following:
RESERVATION_NAME
: the name of the shared reservation that you want to modify.ZONE
: the zone where the reservation was created.OWNER_PROJECT_ID
: the project ID of the owner project, which is the project that you used to create this reservation.CONSUMER_PROJECT_IDS
: a comma-separated list of one or more project IDs of projects that you want to share this reservation with; for exampleproject-1,project-2
. Do not include theOWNER_PROJECT_ID
, which is already allowed to consume this reservation by default.
To remove one or more projects to the list of projects that can consume a shared reservation, use the
gcloud compute reservations update
command with the--remove-share-with
flag.gcloud compute reservations update RESERVATION_NAME \ --zone=ZONE \ --project=OWNER_PROJECT_ID --remove-share-with=CONSUMER_PROJECT_IDS \
Replace the following:
RESERVATION_NAME
: the name of the shared reservation that you want to modify.ZONE
: the zone where the reservation was created.OWNER_PROJECT_ID
: the project ID of the owner project, which is the project that you used to create this reservation.CONSUMER_PROJECT_IDS
: a comma-separated list of one or more project IDs of projects that you want to stop sharing this reservation with; for exampleproject-1,project-2
. You cannot stop sharing this reservation with theOWNER_PROJECT_ID
.
To replace the list of projects that can consume a shared reservation, use the
gcloud compute reservations update
command with the--share-with
flag.gcloud compute reservations update RESERVATION_NAME \ --zone=ZONE \ --project=OWNER_PROJECT_ID --share-with=CONSUMER_PROJECT_IDS \
Replace the following:
RESERVATION_NAME
: the name of the shared reservation that you want to modify.ZONE
: the zone where the reservation was created.OWNER_PROJECT_ID
: the project ID of the owner project, which is the project that you used to create this reservation.CONSUMER_PROJECT_IDS
: a comma-separated list of one or more project IDs of all the projects that you want to allow to consume this reservation; for exampleproject-1,project-2
. Include any existing consumer project IDs that you want to continue sharing this reservation with, and omit any project IDs that you want to stop sharing this reservation with. Then, add any new consumer project IDs that you also want to share this reservation with. These projects must be in the same organization as the owner project. Do not include theOWNER_PROJECT_ID
, which is already allowed to consume this reservation by default.
API
In the API, construct a PATCH
request to the
reservations.update
method.
In the request body, use the shareSettings.projectMap
field to
replace the list of projects that this reservation is shared with.
PATCH https://compute.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/OWNER_PROJECT_ID/zones/ZONE/reservations/RESERVATION_NAME?paths=sharedSettings.projects { "shareSetting": { "shareType": "SPECIFIC_PROJECTS", "projectMap": { "CONSUMER_PROJECT_ID_1": { "projectId": "CONSUMER_PROJECT_ID_1" }, "CONSUMER_PROJECT_ID_2": { "projectId": "CONSUMER_PROJECT_ID_2" } } } }
Replace the following:
OWNER_PROJECT_ID
: the project ID of the owner project, which is the project that you used to create this reservation.ZONE
: the zone where the reservation was created.RESERVATION_NAME
: the name of the reservation that you want to modify. Currently, this must be a shared reservation.CONSUMER_PROJECT_ID_1
andCONSUMER_PROJECT_ID_2
: the project IDs of one or more projects that you want to share this reservation with. Include any existing consumer project IDs that you want to continue sharing this reservation with, and omit any project IDs that you want to stop sharing this reservation with. Then, add any new consumer project IDs that you also want to share this reservation with. These projects must be in the same organization as the owner project. Do not include theOWNER_PROJECT_ID
, which is already allowed to consume this reservation by default.
After you modify which projects can consume a reservation, the consumption of the reservation might change. For example, any removed consumer projects stop consuming resources from this reservation. Additionally, if this reservation was configured to be automatically applied to any new or existing instances that match the reservation's properties (the default behavior), any added consumer projects might start consuming resources from this reservation. If you want to monitor this reservation's consumption, see Listing and describing reservations.
Deleting a reservation
You can delete reservations that aren't tied to a commitment by using the console, the gcloud CLI, or the API.
Console
In the Cloud console, go to the Committed use discounts page.
Click Reservations to see a list of your reservations.
Select the checkbox next to each reservation that you want to delete.
Click Delete reservation.
gcloud
You can release reservations by using the
delete
command:
gcloud compute reservations delete <var>RESERVATION_NAME</var> --zone <var>ZONE</var>
Replace the following:
RESERVATION_NAME
: the name of the reservation that you want to delete.ZONE
: the zone where the reservation is located.
API
In the API, construct a DELETE
request to the
reservation.delete
method.
DELETE https://compute.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/<var>PROJECT_ID</var>/zones/<var>ZONE</var>/reservations/<var>RESERVATION_NAME</var>
Replace the following:
PROJECT_ID
: the project ID of the project that you used to create this reservation.RESERVATION_NAME
: the name of the reservation that you want to delete.ZONE
: the zone where the reservation is located.
After the delete command completes successfully, you are no longer charged for the reservation, and the resources are no longer reserved for you. Deleting a reservation has no effect on any running instances that were tied to that reservation; you are still charged for those instances.
Combining reservations with Committed use discounts
A committed use discount provides a 1- or 3-year discounted price agreement, but it does not reserve capacity in a specific zone. A reservation ensures that capacity is held in a specific zone even if the reserved VMs are not running. By combining a reservation with a commitment, you can get discounted, reserved resources.
By default, when you create a reservation, any applicable committed use discounts for cores and memory are automatically applied to your VM instances. However, to get committed use discount rates for GPUs and local SSDs, you must create a reservation for those resources when purchasing the commitment.
After you purchase a commitment, you cannot cancel it. For more information, see Committed use discounts.
Purchasing a commitment for GPUs or local SSDs
To purchase a commitment for GPUs or local SSDs:
- You must purchase a general-purpose N1 commitment. GPUs are only supported with N1 machine types (with the exception of the A100 GPUs).
- You must create a reservation that includes either GPUs or local SSDs at the same time when you are purchasing your commitment.
- You do not need to commit to vCPUs or memory.
You must purchase commitments for specific GPU types. For example, you might purchase either NVIDIA P100s or NVIDIA V100s, but you cannot purchase commitments for NVIDIA P100 GPUs and expect to apply them to other GPU types.
The amount of GPUs and local SSDs that you reserve must be equal to the amount that you commit to. For example, if you want to reserve 4 V100 GPUs, then you must also commit to 4 V100 GPUs. However, the amount of vCPU and memory that you reserve can be more or less than what you commit to.
If you only want to commit to GPUs or local SSDs, you can specify 0 for vCPU and memory commitments. But the reservation that you attach to your commitment must contain the same GPUs and local SSDs as the commitment, as well as the machine types (with vCPUs and memory) that you want to reserve.
Purchase a commitment with an attached reservation using the Cloud console, the gcloud CLI, or the API.
Console
Before you purchase a commitment using the Cloud console, select the project that you want to use to purchase the commitment. If discount sharing is enabled for a billing account, you can purchase the commitment using any project from that billing account. After you select the project, perform the following steps:
In the Google Cloud console, go to the Committed use discounts page.
To purchase a new commitment, click Purchase commitment.
Name your commitment, and choose the region where you want it to apply.
For Commitment type, select General Purpose.
Choose a commitment Duration of 1 or 3 years.
Enter the quantity of Cores and Memory that you want to purchase. If you only want to commit to and reserve GPUs or local SSDs without committing to vCPUs and memory, specify 0 for the vCPU and memory commitment quantities.
Click Add GPUs and select the GPU type and Number of GPUs that you want to commit to.
Click Add local SSD and specify the number of disks that you want to commit to.
Click Add new reservation to create one or more reservations for instances that will use the GPUs and local SSDs.
- Name your reservation.
- Under Use with VM instance:
- If you want to use this reservation's resources only when creating matching instances that specifically target this reservation by name, select Select specific reservation.
- If you want matching instances to automatically use this reservation, select Use reservation automatically.
- Choose the Zone where you want to reserve resources.
- Specify the Number of VM instances that you want to reserve.
- Specify the resources that you want to reserve for each instance:
- If you have an instance template, click Use instance template and select an instance template from the list.
- Otherwise, click Specify machine type.
- Click Customize to use the slider to select the Cores and Memory for your machine type.
- Specify the CPU platform.
- To add GPUs, enter the number of GPUs and the GPU type.
- Optionally, specify the number of Local SSDs that you want to add to each instance and specify the Interface type to use.
- Click the Done button to create the reservation.
Click the Purchase button to purchase the commitment.
Read the terms of purchase and click Purchase when you are ready to purchase the commitment.
gcloud
Use the gcloud compute commmitments create
command
to purchase a commitment, and include flags to create an attached
reservation.
For example, the following commitment includes 4 GPUs and a new reservation
for those 4 GPUs to be used across 2 n1-standard-32
instances in
us-central1-a
.
gcloud compute commitments create commitment-01 \ --region=us-central1 \ --resources=vcpu=96,memory=624GB \ --resources-accelerator=type=nvidia-tesla-v100,count=4 \ --plan 12-month \ --reservation=reservation-01 \ --reservation-zone=us-central1-a \ --machine-type=n1-standard-32 \ --accelerator=type=nvidia-tesla-v100,count=2 \ --vm-count=2
If you want to commit to and reserve GPUs or local SSDs without committing to vCPUs and memory, specify 0 for the vCPU and memory commitment quantities.
gcloud compute commitments create commitment-01 \ --region=us-west2 \ --resources=vcpu=0,memory=0 \ --resources-accelerator=type=nvidia-tesla-p4,count=1 \ --plan 12-month \ --reservation=reservation-01 \ --reservation-zone=us-west2-b \ --machine-type=n1-standard-2 \ --accelerator=type=nvidia-tesla-p4,count=1 \ --vm-count=1
To create multiple reservations when purchasing a commitment, use a YAML file that contains the reservation properties. For example:
gcloud compute commitments create commitment-01 \ --region=us-central1 \ --resources=vcpu=96,memory=624,local-ssd=750 \ --resources-accelerator=type=nvidia-tesla-v100,count=1 \ --plan 12-month \ --reservations-from-file=YAML_FILE
For example, the following YAML file contains 2 reservations. The first
reservation, res-01
, contains 1 n1-standard-2
instance with 1 GPU, and
it is a targeted reservation, which means that you must specifically target
that reservation by name to use its reserved instances. The second
reservation, res-02
, contains 1 n1-standard-2
VM instance with 2 types
of attached local SSDs.
- reservation: res-01
reservation_zone: us-central1-a
require_specific_reservation: true
vm_count: 1
machine_type: n1-standard-2
accelerator:
- count: 1
type: nvidia-tesla-v100
- reservation: res-02
reservation_zone: us-central1-a
vm_count: 1
machine_type: n1-standard-2
local_ssd:
- interface: scsi
size: 375
- interface: nvme
size: 375
API
Use the regionCommitments.insert
method
and include the reservations
field to define the reservation's
properties. For example, the following commitment includes 4 GPUs and a
reservation for those 4 GPUs to be used across 2 instances in
us-central1-a
.
POST https://compute.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/PROJECT_ID/regions/REGION/commitments { "name": "commitment-01", "plan": "TWELVE_MONTH", "resources": [ { "amount": "96", "type": "VCPU" }, { "amount": "638976", "type": "MEMORY" }, { "acceleratorType": "nvidia-tesla-v100", "amount": "4", "type": "ACCELERATOR" } ], "reservations": [ { "name": "reservation-01", "specificReservation": { "count": "2", "instanceProperties": { "guestAccelerators": [ { "acceleratorCount": 2, "acceleratorType": "nvidia-tesla-v100" } ], "machineType": "n1-standard-8" } }, "specificReservationRequired": false, "zone": "us-central1-a" } ] }
If you only want to commit to and reserve GPUs or local SSDs without committing to vCPUs and memory, specify 0 for the vCPU and memory commitment quantities. For example:
POST https://compute.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/PROJECT_ID/regions/REGION/commitments { "name": "commitment-01", "plan": "TWELVE_MONTH", "resources": [ { "amount": "0", "type": "VCPU" }, { "amount": "0", "type": "MEMORY" }, { "acceleratorType": "nvidia-tesla-v100", "amount": "4", "type": "ACCELERATOR" } ], "reservations": [ { "name": "reservation-01", "specificReservation": { "count": "2", "instanceProperties": { "guestAccelerators": [ { "acceleratorCount": 2, "acceleratorType": "nvidia-tesla-v100" } ], "machineType": "n1-standard-8" } }, "specificReservationRequired": false, "zone": "us-central1-a" } ] }
The commitment is successfully created only if there are enough resources in the target zone, and sufficient quota, at the time of the request.
When you create a commitment with an attached reservation, you cannot delete the reservation for the duration of the commitment. When your commitment expires, Compute Engine automatically deletes any attached reservations.
If you need to transfer GPUs or local SSDs across committed reservations, see Modifying reservations that are attached to commitments.
Modifying reservations that are attached to commitments
If a commitment has one or more reservations with GPUs or local SSDs, you can use the gcloud CLI or the API to transfer GPUs or local SSDs across those reservations. For example, you might move GPUs from one reservation to a second, new reservation.
Limitations:
- You can only move resources between two reservations, where one is the source reservation and the other is the destination. The source reservation must already exist; the destination can be an existing or new reservation.
- The source and destination reservations must be in the same zone.
- You cannot modify the resource properties in existing reservations; you can only transfer existing resources from one reservation to another.
- The total amount of GPUs and local SSDs must remain constant.
- You can only change 100 VMs per request. If you want to update more, call the API multiple times or reach out to Google Cloud Support.
You cannot transfer vCPUs or memory or modify other properties of attached reservations.
gcloud
Use the gcloud beta compute commitments update-reservations
command to update reservations that are attached to commitments.
For example, suppose you create a commitment with the following reservation:
res-1
has 4n1-standard-2
instances, each with 1 P100 GPU (a total of 8 vCPUs and 4 P100 GPUs). The total reserved resources include the 4 P100 GPUs.
You can create the example commitment with the following command:
gcloud beta compute commitments create my-commitment-with-reservations \ --region=asia-east1 \ --resources=vcpu=10,memory=32GB \ --resources-accelerator=type=nvidia-tesla-p100,count=4 \ --plan 12-month \ --reservations-from-file=one-reservation.yaml
where the one-reservation.yaml
file contains the following:
- reservation: res-1
reservation_zone: asia-east1-a
require_specific_reservation: true
vm_count: 4
machine_type: n1-standard-2
accelerator:
- count: 1
type: nvidia-tesla-p100
You can update the example commitment to transfer committed resources between
different reservations. For this example, suppose you want to transfer some
committed resources from res-1
to a new, second reservation, res-2
; you
can achieve this by doing the following:
- Modify
res-1
to have 1n1-standard-2
instance with 1 P100 GPU (2 vCPUs). - Add
res-2
to have 3n1-standard-2
instances, each with 1 P100 GPU (a total of 6 vCPUs and 3 P100 GPUs).
Notably, the total number of reserved GPUs within the commitment remains constant at 4.
To make the example update, use the following command:
gcloud beta compute commitments update-reservations my-commitment-with-reservations \ --region=us-central1 \ --reservations-from-file=two-reservations.yaml
where the two-reservations.yaml
file contains the following:
- reservation: res-1
reservation_zone: asia-east1-a
require_specific_reservation: true
vm_count: 1
machine_type: n1-standard-2
accelerator:
- count: 1
type: nvidia-tesla-p100
- reservation: res-2
reservation_zone: asia-east1-a
require_specific_reservation: true
vm_count: 3
machine_type: n1-standard-2
accelerator:
- count: 1
type: nvidia-tesla-p100
API
Use the regionCommitments.updateReservations
method.
For example, suppose you create a commitment with the following reservation:
res-1
has 4n1-standard-2
instances each with 1nvidia-tesla-p100
GPU (4 vCPUs and 4 P100 GPUs).
In this example, the total reserved resources includes 4 P100 GPUs.
You can create the example commitment with the following command:
POST https://compute.googleapis.com/compute/beta/projects/my-project/regions/asia-east1/commitments/my-commitment-with-reservation/updateReservations { "name": "my-commitment-with-reservation", "plan": "TWELVE_MONTH", "reservations": [ { "name": "res-1", "specificReservation": { "count": "4", "instanceProperties": { "guestAccelerators": [ { "acceleratorCount": 1, "acceleratorType": "nvidia-tesla-p100" } ], "machineType": "n1-standard-2" } }, "specificReservationRequired": true, "zone": "asia-east1-a" } ], "resources": [ { "amount": "10", "type": "VCPU" }, { "amount": "32768", "type": "MEMORY" }, { "acceleratorType": "nvidia-tesla-p100", "amount": "4", "type": "ACCELERATOR" } ] }
You can update the example commitment to transfer committed resources between
different reservations. For this example, suppose you want to transfer some
committed resources from res-1
to a new, second reservation, res-2
;
you can achieve this by doing the following:
- Modify
res-1
to have 2n1-standard-2
instances, each with 2 P100 GPUs (2 vCPU and 2 P100 GPUs). - Add
res-2
to have 2n1-standard-2
instances each with 1 P100 GPU (4 vCPUs and 2 P100 GPUs).
Notably, the total number of reserved GPUs within the commitment remains constant at 4.
To make the example update, use the following command:
POST https://compute.googleapis.com/compute/beta/projects/my-project/regions/asia-east1/commitments/my-commitment-with-reservation/updateReservations { "reservations": [ { "name": "res-1", "specificReservation": { "count": "2", "instanceProperties": { "guestAccelerators": [ { "acceleratorCount": 1, "acceleratorType": "nvidia-tesla-p100" } ], "machineType": "n1-standard-2" } }, "specificReservationRequired": true, "zone": "asia-east1-a" }, { "name": "res-2", "specificReservation": { "count": "2", "instanceProperties": { "guestAccelerators": [ { "acceleratorCount": 1, "acceleratorType": "nvidia-tesla-p100" } ], "machineType": "n1-standard-2" } }, "specificReservationRequired": true, "zone": "asia-east1-a" } ] }
Viewing reservation usage reports
Export detailed reports of your Compute Engine usage to a Cloud Storage bucket using the usage export feature. See Viewing usage reports for instructions.
The usage report shows:
- Reserved resources that are in use. These entries appear as normal vCPU, memory, GPU, and local SSD resources.
- Reserved resources that are not in use. These entries have normal SKU names and reservation resource URIs.
- Total reserved resources. These entries have reservation SKU names and reservation resource URIs. There are no costs associated with these entries. Use these entries to calculate how much of your reservations you are using.
Measurement | MeasurementId format
|
Resource URI format
|
---|---|---|
Reserved resources that are in use | com.google.cloud/services/compute-engine/SKU_NAME
|
https://compute.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/PROJECT_ID/zones/ZONE/RESOURCE_TYPE/RESOURCE_NAME .
For example, https://compute.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/my-project/zones/us-central1-a/instances/my-instance
|
Reserved resources that are not in use | com.google.cloud/services/compute-engine/SKU_NAME
|
https://compute.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/PROJECT_ID/zones/ZONE/reservations/RESERVATION_NAME .
For example, https://compute.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/my-project/zones/europe-west1-a/reservations/my-reservation
|
Total reserved resources | com.google.cloud/services/compute-engine/ReservationSKU_NAME
|
https://compute.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/PROJECT_ID/zones/ZONE/reservations/RESERVATION_NAME .
For example, https://compute.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/my-project/zones/europe-west1-a/reservations/my-reservation
|
For example, in the following snippet from a usage report for a reservation
named my-reservation
:
- Row 1 shows reserved RAM that is currently in use. The row's
ResourceId
shows that this RAM is used by an instance namedmy-instance
. - Row 2 shows reserved RAM that is not in use. The row's
ResourceId
shows that this reserved RAM is held bymy-reservation
; it is not yet used by any instance. - Row 3 shows the reservation's total reserved RAM.
Report Date,MeasurementId,Quantity,Unit,Resource URI,ResourceId,Location 2019-06-06,com.google.cloud/services/compute-engine/VmimageN2StandardRam,166970074857472,byte-seconds,https://compute.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/my-project/zones/us-central2-a/instances/my-instance,1775485842510981624,us-central2-a 2019-06-06,com.google.cloud/services/compute-engine/VmimageN2StandardRam,166970074857472,byte-seconds,https://compute.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/my-project/zones/us-central2-a/reservations/my-reservation,7.58809E+17,us-central2-a 2019-06-06,com.google.cloud/services/compute-engine/ReservationN2StandardRam,333940149714944,byte-seconds,https://compute.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/my-project/zones/us-central2-a/reservations/my-reservation,7.58809E+17,us-central2-a ...
What's next
- Learn more about committed use discounts.