创建虚拟机 (VM) 实例时，Google Cloud 会根据虚拟机名称创建内部 DNS 名称。除非您指定自定义主机名，否则 Google Cloud 会使用自动创建的内部 DNS 名称作为其提供给虚拟机的主机名。
您可以通过指定任何完全限定 DNS 名称来创建使用自定义主机名的虚拟机。自定义主机名有助于保持一致的命名惯例，或支持预期使用特定主机名的应用的要求。
即使您指定了自定义主机名，Google Cloud 也会创建 Compute Engine 内部 DNS 名称。您可以使用此自动创建的内部 DNS 记录连接到虚拟机。内部 DNS 记录解析为内部 DNS 名称，而不是自定义主机名。使用自定义主机名时，您仍然需要在适当的可用区中创建相应的 DNS 记录，例如使用 Cloud DNS。
准备工作
设置身份验证（如果尚未设置）。身份验证是通过其进行身份验证以访问 Google Cloud 服务和 API 的过程。如需从本地开发环境运行代码或示例，您可以按如下方式向 Compute Engine 进行身份验证。
选择标签页以了解您打算如何使用本页面上的示例：
控制台
当您使用 Google Cloud 控制台访问 Google Cloud 服务和 API 时，无需设置身份验证。
gcloud
安装 Google Cloud CLI，然后通过运行以下命令初始化 Google Cloud CLI：
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.AttachedDisk;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.AttachedDiskInitializeParams;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.InsertInstanceRequest;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.Instance;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.InstancesClient;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.NetworkInterface;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.Operation;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;
public class CreateInstanceWithCustomHostname {
public static void main(String[] args)
throws IOException, ExecutionException, InterruptedException, TimeoutException {
// TODO(developer): Replace these variables before running the sample.
// hostName: Custom hostname of the new VM instance.
// * Custom hostnames must conform to RFC 1035 requirements for valid hostnames.
String project = "your-project-id";
String zone = "zone-name"; // eg: "us-central1-a"
String instanceName = "instance-name";
String hostName = "host.example.com";
createInstanceWithCustomHostname(project, zone, instanceName, hostName);
}
// Creates an instance with custom hostname.
public static void createInstanceWithCustomHostname(String projectId, String zone,
String instanceName, String hostName)
throws IOException, ExecutionException, InterruptedException, TimeoutException {
// machineType - Machine type for the VM instance specified in the following format:
// * "zones/{zone}/machineTypes/{type_name}". For example:
// * "zones/europe-west3-c/machineTypes/f1-micro"
// * You can find the list of available machine types by using this gcloud command:
// * $ gcloud compute machine-types list
// sourceImage - Path of the disk image you want to use for your boot
// * disk. This image can be one of the public images
// * eg: "projects/...
// * or a private image you have access to.
// * You can check the list of available public images using:
// * $ gcloud compute images list
// networkName - Name of the network you want the new instance to use.
// * For example: global/networks/default - if you want to use the default network.
String machineType = "n1-standard-1";
String sourceImage = String.format("projects/%s/global/images/family/%s", "debian-cloud",
"debian-11");
String networkName = "global/networks/default";
try (InstancesClient instancesClient = InstancesClient.create()) {
System.out.printf("Creating the %s instance in %s with hostname %s...", instanceName, zone,
hostName);
AttachedDisk disk =
AttachedDisk.newBuilder()
.setBoot(true)
.setAutoDelete(true)
.setType(AttachedDisk.Type.PERSISTENT.toString())
.setInitializeParams(
// Describe the size and source image of the boot disk to attach to the instance.
AttachedDiskInitializeParams.newBuilder()
.setSourceImage(sourceImage)
.setDiskSizeGb(10).build())
.build();
// Use the network interface provided in the networkName argument.
NetworkInterface networkInterface = NetworkInterface.newBuilder()
.setName(networkName)
.build();
Instance instanceResource = Instance.newBuilder()
// Custom hostnames are not resolved by the automatically created records
// provided by Compute Engine internal DNS.
// You must manually configure the DNS record for your custom hostname.
.setName(instanceName)
.setHostname(hostName)
.addDisks(disk)
.setMachineType(String.format("zones/%s/machineTypes/%s", zone, machineType))
.addNetworkInterfaces(networkInterface).build();
InsertInstanceRequest request = InsertInstanceRequest.newBuilder()
.setProject(projectId)
.setZone(zone)
.setInstanceResource(instanceResource).build();
// Wait for the create operation to complete.
Operation response = instancesClient.insertAsync(request).get(3, TimeUnit.MINUTES);
;
if (response.hasError()) {
System.out.printf("Instance creation failed for instance: %s ; Response: %s ! ! ",
instanceName, response);
return;
}
System.out.printf("Instance created : %s", instanceName);
System.out.printf("Operation Status for instance %s is %s: ", instanceName,
response.getStatus());
}
}
}
/**
* TODO(developer): Uncomment and replace these variables before running the sample.
*/
// const projectId = 'YOUR_PROJECT_ID';
// const zone = 'europe-central2-b'
// const instanceName = 'YOUR_INSTANCE_NAME'
// const hostname = 'host.example.com'
// const machineType = 'n1-standard-1';
// const sourceImage = 'projects/debian-cloud/global/images/family/debian-10';
// const networkName = 'global/networks/default';
const compute = require('@google-cloud/compute');
// Create a new instance with the values provided above in the specified project and zone.
async function createInstanceWithCustomHostname() {
const instancesClient = new compute.InstancesClient();
console.log(
`Creating the ${instanceName} instance in ${zone} with hostname ${hostname}...`
);
const [response] = await instancesClient.insert({
instanceResource: {
name: instanceName,
// Custom hostnames are not resolved by the automatically created records
// provided by Compute Engine internal DNS.
// You must manually configure the DNS record for your custom hostname.
hostname,
disks: [
{
// Describe the size and source image of the boot disk to attach to the instance.
initializeParams: {
diskSizeGb: '10',
sourceImage,
},
autoDelete: true,
boot: true,
type: 'PERSISTENT',
},
],
machineType: `zones/${zone}/machineTypes/${machineType}`,
networkInterfaces: [
{
// Use the network interface provided in the networkName argument.
name: networkName,
},
],
},
project: projectId,
zone,
});
let operation = response.latestResponse;
const operationsClient = new compute.ZoneOperationsClient();
// Wait for the create operation to complete.
while (operation.status !== 'DONE') {
[operation] = await operationsClient.wait({
operation: operation.name,
project: projectId,
zone: operation.zone.split('/').pop(),
});
}
console.log('Instance created.');
}
createInstanceWithCustomHostname();
from __future__ import annotations
import re
import sys
from typing import Any
import warnings
from google.api_core.extended_operation import ExtendedOperation
from google.cloud import compute_v1
def get_image_from_family(project: str, family: str) -> compute_v1.Image:
"""
Retrieve the newest image that is part of a given family in a project.
Args:
project: project ID or project number of the Cloud project you want to get image from.
family: name of the image family you want to get image from.
Returns:
An Image object.
"""
image_client = compute_v1.ImagesClient()
# List of public operating system (OS) images: https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/images/os-details
newest_image = image_client.get_from_family(project=project, family=family)
return newest_image
def disk_from_image(
disk_type: str,
disk_size_gb: int,
boot: bool,
source_image: str,
auto_delete: bool = True,
) -> compute_v1.AttachedDisk:
"""
Create an AttachedDisk object to be used in VM instance creation. Uses an image as the
source for the new disk.
Args:
disk_type: the type of disk you want to create. This value uses the following format:
"zones/{zone}/diskTypes/(pd-standard|pd-ssd|pd-balanced|pd-extreme)".
For example: "zones/us-west3-b/diskTypes/pd-ssd"
disk_size_gb: size of the new disk in gigabytes
boot: boolean flag indicating whether this disk should be used as a boot disk of an instance
source_image: source image to use when creating this disk. You must have read access to this disk. This can be one
of the publicly available images or an image from one of your projects.
This value uses the following format: "projects/{project_name}/global/images/{image_name}"
auto_delete: boolean flag indicating whether this disk should be deleted with the VM that uses it
Returns:
AttachedDisk object configured to be created using the specified image.
"""
boot_disk = compute_v1.AttachedDisk()
initialize_params = compute_v1.AttachedDiskInitializeParams()
initialize_params.source_image = source_image
initialize_params.disk_size_gb = disk_size_gb
initialize_params.disk_type = disk_type
boot_disk.initialize_params = initialize_params
# Remember to set auto_delete to True if you want the disk to be deleted when you delete
# your VM instance.
boot_disk.auto_delete = auto_delete
boot_disk.boot = boot
return boot_disk
def wait_for_extended_operation(
operation: ExtendedOperation, verbose_name: str = "operation", timeout: int = 300
) -> Any:
"""
Waits for the extended (long-running) operation to complete.
If the operation is successful, it will return its result.
If the operation ends with an error, an exception will be raised.
If there were any warnings during the execution of the operation
they will be printed to sys.stderr.
Args:
operation: a long-running operation you want to wait on.
verbose_name: (optional) a more verbose name of the operation,
used only during error and warning reporting.
timeout: how long (in seconds) to wait for operation to finish.
If None, wait indefinitely.
Returns:
Whatever the operation.result() returns.
Raises:
This method will raise the exception received from `operation.exception()`
or RuntimeError if there is no exception set, but there is an `error_code`
set for the `operation`.
In case of an operation taking longer than `timeout` seconds to complete,
a `concurrent.futures.TimeoutError` will be raised.
"""
result = operation.result(timeout=timeout)
if operation.error_code:
print(
f"Error during {verbose_name}: [Code: {operation.error_code}]: {operation.error_message}",
file=sys.stderr,
flush=True,
)
print(f"Operation ID: {operation.name}", file=sys.stderr, flush=True)
raise operation.exception() or RuntimeError(operation.error_message)
if operation.warnings:
print(f"Warnings during {verbose_name}:\n", file=sys.stderr, flush=True)
for warning in operation.warnings:
print(f" - {warning.code}: {warning.message}", file=sys.stderr, flush=True)
return result
def create_instance(
project_id: str,
zone: str,
instance_name: str,
disks: list[compute_v1.AttachedDisk],
machine_type: str = "n1-standard-1",
network_link: str = "global/networks/default",
subnetwork_link: str = None,
internal_ip: str = None,
external_access: bool = False,
external_ipv4: str = None,
accelerators: list[compute_v1.AcceleratorConfig] = None,
preemptible: bool = False,
spot: bool = False,
instance_termination_action: str = "STOP",
custom_hostname: str = None,
delete_protection: bool = False,
) -> compute_v1.Instance:
"""
Send an instance creation request to the Compute Engine API and wait for it to complete.
Args:
project_id: project ID or project number of the Cloud project you want to use.
zone: name of the zone to create the instance in. For example: "us-west3-b"
instance_name: name of the new virtual machine (VM) instance.
disks: a list of compute_v1.AttachedDisk objects describing the disks
you want to attach to your new instance.
machine_type: machine type of the VM being created. This value uses the
following format: "zones/{zone}/machineTypes/{type_name}".
For example: "zones/europe-west3-c/machineTypes/f1-micro"
network_link: name of the network you want the new instance to use.
For example: "global/networks/default" represents the network
named "default", which is created automatically for each project.
subnetwork_link: name of the subnetwork you want the new instance to use.
This value uses the following format:
"regions/{region}/subnetworks/{subnetwork_name}"
internal_ip: internal IP address you want to assign to the new instance.
By default, a free address from the pool of available internal IP addresses of
used subnet will be used.
external_access: boolean flag indicating if the instance should have an external IPv4
address assigned.
external_ipv4: external IPv4 address to be assigned to this instance. If you specify
an external IP address, it must live in the same region as the zone of the instance.
This setting requires `external_access` to be set to True to work.
accelerators: a list of AcceleratorConfig objects describing the accelerators that will
be attached to the new instance.
preemptible: boolean value indicating if the new instance should be preemptible
or not. Preemptible VMs have been deprecated and you should now use Spot VMs.
spot: boolean value indicating if the new instance should be a Spot VM or not.
instance_termination_action: What action should be taken once a Spot VM is terminated.
Possible values: "STOP", "DELETE"
custom_hostname: Custom hostname of the new VM instance.
Custom hostnames must conform to RFC 1035 requirements for valid hostnames.
delete_protection: boolean value indicating if the new virtual machine should be
protected against deletion or not.
Returns:
Instance object.
"""
instance_client = compute_v1.InstancesClient()
# Use the network interface provided in the network_link argument.
network_interface = compute_v1.NetworkInterface()
network_interface.network = network_link
if subnetwork_link:
network_interface.subnetwork = subnetwork_link
if internal_ip:
network_interface.network_i_p = internal_ip
if external_access:
access = compute_v1.AccessConfig()
access.type_ = compute_v1.AccessConfig.Type.ONE_TO_ONE_NAT.name
access.name = "External NAT"
access.network_tier = access.NetworkTier.PREMIUM.name
if external_ipv4:
access.nat_i_p = external_ipv4
network_interface.access_configs = [access]
# Collect information into the Instance object.
instance = compute_v1.Instance()
instance.network_interfaces = [network_interface]
instance.name = instance_name
instance.disks = disks
if re.match(r"^zones/[a-z\d\-]+/machineTypes/[a-z\d\-]+$", machine_type):
instance.machine_type = machine_type
else:
instance.machine_type = f"zones/{zone}/machineTypes/{machine_type}"
instance.scheduling = compute_v1.Scheduling()
if accelerators:
instance.guest_accelerators = accelerators
instance.scheduling.on_host_maintenance = (
compute_v1.Scheduling.OnHostMaintenance.TERMINATE.name
)
if preemptible:
# Set the preemptible setting
warnings.warn(
"Preemptible VMs are being replaced by Spot VMs.", DeprecationWarning
)
instance.scheduling = compute_v1.Scheduling()
instance.scheduling.preemptible = True
if spot:
# Set the Spot VM setting
instance.scheduling.provisioning_model = (
compute_v1.Scheduling.ProvisioningModel.SPOT.name
)
instance.scheduling.instance_termination_action = instance_termination_action
if custom_hostname is not None:
# Set the custom hostname for the instance
instance.hostname = custom_hostname
if delete_protection:
# Set the delete protection bit
instance.deletion_protection = True
# Prepare the request to insert an instance.
request = compute_v1.InsertInstanceRequest()
request.zone = zone
request.project = project_id
request.instance_resource = instance
# Wait for the create operation to complete.
print(f"Creating the {instance_name} instance in {zone}...")
operation = instance_client.insert(request=request)
wait_for_extended_operation(operation, "instance creation")
print(f"Instance {instance_name} created.")
return instance_client.get(project=project_id, zone=zone, instance=instance_name)
def create_instance_custom_hostname(
project_id: str, zone: str, instance_name: str, hostname: str
) -> compute_v1.Instance:
"""
Create a new VM instance with Debian 10 operating system and a custom hostname.
Args:
project_id: project ID or project number of the Cloud project you want to use.
zone: name of the zone to create the instance in. For example: "us-west3-b"
instance_name: name of the new virtual machine (VM) instance.
hostname: the hostname you want to use for the new instance.
Returns:
Instance object.
"""
newest_debian = get_image_from_family(project="debian-cloud", family="debian-11")
disk_type = f"zones/{zone}/diskTypes/pd-standard"
disks = [disk_from_image(disk_type, 10, True, newest_debian.self_link)]
instance = create_instance(
project_id, zone, instance_name, disks, custom_hostname=hostname
)
return instance
