Enable, disable, and restore certificate authorities

This topic explains how you can manage the state of your certificate authority (CA).

Enable a CA

All subordinate CAs are created in the AWAITING_USER_ACTIVATION state, and they are set to the STAGED state after activation. All root CAs are created in the STAGED state by default. You must change the CA state to ENABLED to include it in a CA pool's certificate issuance rotation. For more information about the operational states of a CA, see Certificate authority states.

To enable a CA that is in the STAGED or DISABLED state, use the following instructions:

Console

1. In the Google Cloud console, go to the Certificate Authority Service page.

   Go to Certificate Authority Service

2. Under Certificate authorities, select your target CA.

3. Click Enable.

4. In the dialog that opens, click Confirm.

gcloud

To enable a root CA, use the following command:

Note: If you want to target a subordinate CA, replace roots with subordinates in the following command.

gcloud privateca roots enable CA_ID --pool POOL_ID

Where:

• CA_ID is the unique identifier of the CA.
• POOL_ID is the unique identifier of the CA pool to which the CA belongs.

For more information about the gcloud privateca roots enable command, see gcloud privateca roots enable.

Go

To authenticate to CA Service, set up Application Default Credentials. For more information, see Set up authentication for a local development environment.

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"

	privateca "cloud.google.com/go/security/privateca/apiv1"
	"cloud.google.com/go/security/privateca/apiv1/privatecapb"
)

// Enable the Certificate Authority present in the given ca pool.
// CA cannot be enabled if it has been already deleted.
func enableCa(w io.Writer, projectId string, location string, caPoolId string, caId string) error {
	// projectId := "your_project_id"
	// location := "us-central1"	// For a list of locations, see: https://cloud.google.com/certificate-authority-service/docs/locations.
	// caPoolId := "ca-pool-id"		// The id of the CA pool under which the CA is present.
	// caId := "ca-id"				// The id of the CA to be enabled.

	ctx := context.Background()
	caClient, err := privateca.NewCertificateAuthorityClient(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("NewCertificateAuthorityClient creation failed: %w", err)
	}
	defer caClient.Close()

	fullCaName := fmt.Sprintf("projects/%s/locations/%s/caPools/%s/certificateAuthorities/%s",
		projectId, location, caPoolId, caId)

	// Create the EnableCertificateAuthorityRequest.
	// See https://pkg.go.dev/cloud.google.com/go/security/privateca/apiv1/privatecapb#EnableCertificateAuthorityRequest.
	req := &privatecapb.EnableCertificateAuthorityRequest{Name: fullCaName}

	op, err := caClient.EnableCertificateAuthority(ctx, req)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("EnableCertificateAuthority failed: %w", err)
	}

	var caResp *privatecapb.CertificateAuthority
	if caResp, err = op.Wait(ctx); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("EnableCertificateAuthority failed during wait: %w", err)
	}

	if caResp.State != privatecapb.CertificateAuthority_ENABLED {
		return fmt.Errorf("unable to enable Certificate Authority. Current state: %s", caResp.State.String())
	}

	fmt.Fprintf(w, "Successfully enabled Certificate Authority: %s.", caId)
	return nil
}

Java

To authenticate to CA Service, set up Application Default Credentials. For more information, see Set up authentication for a local development environment.

import com.google.api.core.ApiFuture;
import com.google.cloud.security.privateca.v1.CertificateAuthority.State;
import com.google.cloud.security.privateca.v1.CertificateAuthorityName;
import com.google.cloud.security.privateca.v1.CertificateAuthorityServiceClient;
import com.google.cloud.security.privateca.v1.EnableCertificateAuthorityRequest;
import com.google.longrunning.Operation;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;

public class EnableCertificateAuthority {

  public static void main(String[] args)
      throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException, IOException {
    // TODO(developer): Replace these variables before running the sample.
    // location: For a list of locations, see:
    // https://cloud.google.com/certificate-authority-service/docs/locations
    // poolId: The id of the CA pool under which the CA is present.
    // certificateAuthorityName: The name of the CA to be enabled.
    String project = "your-project-id";
    String location = "ca-location";
    String poolId = "ca-pool-id";
    String certificateAuthorityName = "certificate-authority-name";
    enableCertificateAuthority(project, location, poolId, certificateAuthorityName);
  }

  // Enable the Certificate Authority present in the given ca pool.
  // CA cannot be enabled if it has been already deleted.
  public static void enableCertificateAuthority(
      String project, String location, String poolId, String certificateAuthorityName)
      throws IOException, ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
    try (CertificateAuthorityServiceClient certificateAuthorityServiceClient =
        CertificateAuthorityServiceClient.create()) {
      // Create the Certificate Authority Name.
      CertificateAuthorityName certificateAuthorityParent =
          CertificateAuthorityName.newBuilder()
              .setProject(project)
              .setLocation(location)
              .setCaPool(poolId)
              .setCertificateAuthority(certificateAuthorityName)
              .build();

      // Create the Enable Certificate Authority Request.
      EnableCertificateAuthorityRequest enableCertificateAuthorityRequest =
          EnableCertificateAuthorityRequest.newBuilder()
              .setName(certificateAuthorityParent.toString())
              .build();

      // Enable the Certificate Authority.
      ApiFuture<Operation> futureCall =
          certificateAuthorityServiceClient
              .enableCertificateAuthorityCallable()
              .futureCall(enableCertificateAuthorityRequest);
      Operation response = futureCall.get();

      if (response.hasError()) {
        System.out.println("Error while enabling Certificate Authority !" + response.getError());
        return;
      }

      // Get the current CA state.
      State caState =
          certificateAuthorityServiceClient
              .getCertificateAuthority(certificateAuthorityParent)
              .getState();

      // Check if the CA is enabled.
      if (caState == State.ENABLED) {
        System.out.println("Enabled Certificate Authority : " + certificateAuthorityName);
      } else {
        System.out.println(
            "Cannot enable the Certificate Authority ! Current CA State: " + caState);
      }
    }
  }
}

Python

To authenticate to CA Service, set up Application Default Credentials. For more information, see Set up authentication for a local development environment.

import google.cloud.security.privateca_v1 as privateca_v1


def enable_certificate_authority(
    project_id: str, location: str, ca_pool_name: str, ca_name: str
) -> None:
    """
    Enable the Certificate Authority present in the given ca pool.
    CA cannot be enabled if it has been already deleted.

    Args:
        project_id: project ID or project number of the Cloud project you want to use.
        location: location you want to use. For a list of locations, see: https://cloud.google.com/certificate-authority-service/docs/locations.
        ca_pool_name: the name of the CA pool under which the CA is present.
        ca_name: the name of the CA to be enabled.
    """

    caServiceClient = privateca_v1.CertificateAuthorityServiceClient()
    ca_path = caServiceClient.certificate_authority_path(
        project_id, location, ca_pool_name, ca_name
    )

    # Create the Enable Certificate Authority Request.
    request = privateca_v1.EnableCertificateAuthorityRequest(
        name=ca_path,
    )

    # Enable the Certificate Authority.
    operation = caServiceClient.enable_certificate_authority(request=request)
    operation.result()

    # Get the current CA state.
    ca_state = caServiceClient.get_certificate_authority(name=ca_path).state

    # Check if the CA is enabled.
    if ca_state == privateca_v1.CertificateAuthority.State.ENABLED:
        print("Enabled Certificate Authority:", ca_name)
    else:
        print("Cannot enable the Certificate Authority ! Current CA State:", ca_state)

Disable a CA

Disabling a CA prevents it from issuing certificates. All certificate requests to a disabled CA are rejected. Other functionalities, such as revoking certificates, publishing Certificate Revocation Lists (CRLs), and updating the CA metadata can still take place.

Note: A disabled CA continues to be billed at its usual billing tier. Delete the CA if you want to avoid getting billed for it. For more information about pricing, see Pricing for CA Service.

To disable a CA, use the following instructions:

Console

1. In the Google Cloud console, go to the Certificate Authority Service page.

   Go to Certificate Authority Service

2. Under Certificate authorities, select your target CA.

3. Click Disable.

4. In the dialog that opens, click Confirm.

gcloud

To disable a root CA, use the following command.

Note: If you want to target a subordinate CA, replace roots with subordinates in the following gcloud command.

gcloud privateca roots disable CA_ID --pool POOL_ID

Replace the following:

• CA_ID is the unique identifier of the root CA that you want to disable.
• POOL_ID is the unique identifier of the CA pool to which the root CA belongs.

For more information about the gcloud privateca roots disable command, see gcloud privateca roots disable.

Go

To authenticate to CA Service, set up Application Default Credentials. For more information, see Set up authentication for a local development environment.

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"

	privateca "cloud.google.com/go/security/privateca/apiv1"
	"cloud.google.com/go/security/privateca/apiv1/privatecapb"
)

// Disable a Certificate Authority from the specified CA pool.
func disableCa(w io.Writer, projectId string, location string, caPoolId string, caId string) error {
	// projectId := "your_project_id"
	// location := "us-central1"	// For a list of locations, see: https://cloud.google.com/certificate-authority-service/docs/locations.
	// caPoolId := "ca-pool-id"		// The id of the CA pool under which the CA is present.
	// caId := "ca-id"				// The id of the CA to be disabled.

	ctx := context.Background()
	caClient, err := privateca.NewCertificateAuthorityClient(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("NewCertificateAuthorityClient creation failed: %w", err)
	}
	defer caClient.Close()

	fullCaName := fmt.Sprintf("projects/%s/locations/%s/caPools/%s/certificateAuthorities/%s",
		projectId, location, caPoolId, caId)

	// Create the DisableCertificateAuthorityRequest.
	// See https://pkg.go.dev/cloud.google.com/go/security/privateca/apiv1/privatecapb#DisableCertificateAuthorityRequest.
	req := &privatecapb.DisableCertificateAuthorityRequest{Name: fullCaName}

	op, err := caClient.DisableCertificateAuthority(ctx, req)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("DisableCertificateAuthority failed: %w", err)
	}

	var caResp *privatecapb.CertificateAuthority
	if caResp, err = op.Wait(ctx); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("DisableCertificateAuthority failed during wait: %w", err)
	}

	if caResp.State != privatecapb.CertificateAuthority_DISABLED {
		return fmt.Errorf("unable to disabled Certificate Authority. Current state: %s", caResp.State.String())
	}

	fmt.Fprintf(w, "Successfully disabled Certificate Authority: %s.", caId)
	return nil
}

Java

To authenticate to CA Service, set up Application Default Credentials. For more information, see Set up authentication for a local development environment.

import com.google.api.core.ApiFuture;
import com.google.cloud.security.privateca.v1.CertificateAuthority.State;
import com.google.cloud.security.privateca.v1.CertificateAuthorityName;
import com.google.cloud.security.privateca.v1.CertificateAuthorityServiceClient;
import com.google.cloud.security.privateca.v1.DisableCertificateAuthorityRequest;
import com.google.longrunning.Operation;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;

public class DisableCertificateAuthority {

  public static void main(String[] args)
      throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException, IOException {
    // TODO(developer): Replace these variables before running the sample.
    // location: For a list of locations, see:
    // https://cloud.google.com/certificate-authority-service/docs/locations
    // poolId: The id of the CA pool under which the CA is present.
    // certificateAuthorityName: The name of the CA to be disabled.
    String project = "your-project-id";
    String location = "ca-location";
    String poolId = "ca-pool-id";
    String certificateAuthorityName = "certificate-authority-name";
    disableCertificateAuthority(project, location, poolId, certificateAuthorityName);
  }

  // Disable a Certificate Authority which is present in the given CA pool.
  public static void disableCertificateAuthority(
      String project, String location, String poolId, String certificateAuthorityName)
      throws IOException, ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
    // Initialize client that will be used to send requests. This client only needs to be created
    // once, and can be reused for multiple requests. After completing all of your requests, call
    // the `certificateAuthorityServiceClient.close()` method on the client to safely
    // clean up any remaining background resources.
    try (CertificateAuthorityServiceClient certificateAuthorityServiceClient =
        CertificateAuthorityServiceClient.create()) {

      // Create the Certificate Authority Name.
      CertificateAuthorityName certificateAuthorityNameParent =
          CertificateAuthorityName.newBuilder()
              .setProject(project)
              .setLocation(location)
              .setCaPool(poolId)
              .setCertificateAuthority(certificateAuthorityName)
              .build();

      // Create the Disable Certificate Authority Request.
      DisableCertificateAuthorityRequest disableCertificateAuthorityRequest =
          DisableCertificateAuthorityRequest.newBuilder()
              .setName(certificateAuthorityNameParent.toString())
              .build();

      // Disable the Certificate Authority.
      ApiFuture<Operation> futureCall =
          certificateAuthorityServiceClient
              .disableCertificateAuthorityCallable()
              .futureCall(disableCertificateAuthorityRequest);
      Operation response = futureCall.get();

      if (response.hasError()) {
        System.out.println("Error while disabling Certificate Authority !" + response.getError());
        return;
      }

      // Get the current CA state.
      State caState =
          certificateAuthorityServiceClient
              .getCertificateAuthority(certificateAuthorityNameParent)
              .getState();

      // Check if the Certificate Authority is disabled.
      if (caState == State.DISABLED) {
        System.out.println("Disabled Certificate Authority : " + certificateAuthorityName);
      } else {
        System.out.println(
            "Cannot disable the Certificate Authority ! Current CA State: " + caState);
      }
    }
  }
}

Python

To authenticate to CA Service, set up Application Default Credentials. For more information, see Set up authentication for a local development environment.

import google.cloud.security.privateca_v1 as privateca_v1


def disable_certificate_authority(
    project_id: str, location: str, ca_pool_name: str, ca_name: str
) -> None:
    """
    Disable a Certificate Authority which is present in the given CA pool.

    Args:
        project_id: project ID or project number of the Cloud project you want to use.
        location: location you want to use. For a list of locations, see: https://cloud.google.com/certificate-authority-service/docs/locations.
        ca_pool_name: the name of the CA pool under which the CA is present.
        ca_name: the name of the CA to be disabled.
    """

    caServiceClient = privateca_v1.CertificateAuthorityServiceClient()
    ca_path = caServiceClient.certificate_authority_path(
        project_id, location, ca_pool_name, ca_name
    )

    # Create the Disable Certificate Authority Request.
    request = privateca_v1.DisableCertificateAuthorityRequest(name=ca_path)

    # Disable the Certificate Authority.
    operation = caServiceClient.disable_certificate_authority(request=request)
    operation.result()

    # Get the current CA state.
    ca_state = caServiceClient.get_certificate_authority(name=ca_path).state

    # Check if the CA is disabled.
    if ca_state == privateca_v1.CertificateAuthority.State.DISABLED:
        print("Disabled Certificate Authority:", ca_name)
    else:
        print("Cannot disable the Certificate Authority ! Current CA State:", ca_state)

Restore a CA

When a CA is scheduled for deletion, there is a 30-day grace period before it is deleted. During the grace period, a CA Service Operation Manager (roles/privateca.caManager) or CA Service Admin (roles/privateca.admin) can stop the deletion process. You can restore a CA only during the grace period.

To restore a CA that is scheduled to be deleted to the disabled state, use the following instructions:

Console

1. In the Google Cloud console, go to the Certificate Authority Service page.

   Go to Certificate Authority Service

2. In the Certificate authorities tab, select the CA that you want to restore.

3. Click Restore.

4. In the dialog that opens, click Confirm.

5. Check that the CA is now in the DISABLED state.

gcloud

1. Confirm that the CA is in the DELETED state.

   gcloud privateca roots describe CA_ID \
     --pool POOL_ID \
     --format="value(state)"
   

   Where:

   • CA_ID is the unique identifier of the CA.
   • POOL_ID is the unique identifier of the CA pool to which the CA belongs.
   • --format flag is used to set the format for printing command output resources.

   The command returns DELETED.

2. Restore the CA.

   gcloud privateca roots undelete CA_ID --pool POOL_ID
   

   Where:

   • CA_ID is the unique identifier of the CA.
   • POOL_ID is the unique identifier of the CA pool to which the CA belongs.

   For more information about the gcloud privateca roots undelete command, see gcloud privateca roots undelete.

3. Confirm the state of the CA is now DISABLED.

   gcloud privateca roots describe CA_ID \
     --pool POOL_ID \
     --format="value(state)"
   

   Where:

   • CA_ID is the unique identifier of the CA.
   • POOL_ID is the unique identifier of the CA pool to which the CA belongs.
   • --format flag is used to set the format for printing command output resources.

   The command returns DISABLED.

Note: The restored CA cannot issue certificates until you enable it.

Go

To authenticate to CA Service, set up Application Default Credentials. For more information, see Set up authentication for a local development environment.

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"

	privateca "cloud.google.com/go/security/privateca/apiv1"
	"cloud.google.com/go/security/privateca/apiv1/privatecapb"
)

// Undelete a Certificate Authority from the specified CA pool.
func unDeleteCa(w io.Writer, projectId string, location string, caPoolId string, caId string) error {
	// projectId := "your_project_id"
	// location := "us-central1"	// For a list of locations, see: https://cloud.google.com/certificate-authority-service/docs/locations.
	// caPoolId := "ca-pool-id"		// The id of the CA pool under which the CA is present.
	// caId := "ca-id"				// The id of the CA to be undeleted.

	ctx := context.Background()
	caClient, err := privateca.NewCertificateAuthorityClient(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("NewCertificateAuthorityClient creation failed: %w", err)
	}
	defer caClient.Close()

	fullCaName := fmt.Sprintf("projects/%s/locations/%s/caPools/%s/certificateAuthorities/%s",
		projectId, location, caPoolId, caId)

	// Check if the CA is deleted.
	// See https://pkg.go.dev/cloud.google.com/go/security/privateca/apiv1/privatecapb#GetCertificateAuthorityRequest.
	caReq := &privatecapb.GetCertificateAuthorityRequest{Name: fullCaName}
	caResp, err := caClient.GetCertificateAuthority(ctx, caReq)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("GetCertificateAuthority failed: %w", err)
	}

	if caResp.State != privatecapb.CertificateAuthority_DELETED {
		return fmt.Errorf("you can only undelete deleted Certificate Authorities. %s is not deleted", caId)
	}

	// Create the UndeleteCertificateAuthority.
	// See https://pkg.go.dev/cloud.google.com/go/security/privateca/apiv1/privatecapb#UndeleteCertificateAuthorityRequest.
	req := &privatecapb.UndeleteCertificateAuthorityRequest{Name: fullCaName}

	op, err := caClient.UndeleteCertificateAuthority(ctx, req)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("UndeleteCertificateAuthority failed: %w", err)
	}

	if caResp, err = op.Wait(ctx); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("UndeleteCertificateAuthority failed during wait: %w", err)
	}

	if caResp.State == privatecapb.CertificateAuthority_DELETED {
		return fmt.Errorf("unable to undelete Certificate Authority. Current state: %s", caResp.State.String())
	}

	fmt.Fprintf(w, "Successfully undeleted Certificate Authority: %s.", caId)
	return nil
}

Java

To authenticate to CA Service, set up Application Default Credentials. For more information, see Set up authentication for a local development environment.

import com.google.api.core.ApiFuture;
import com.google.cloud.security.privateca.v1.CertificateAuthority.State;
import com.google.cloud.security.privateca.v1.CertificateAuthorityName;
import com.google.cloud.security.privateca.v1.CertificateAuthorityServiceClient;
import com.google.cloud.security.privateca.v1.UndeleteCertificateAuthorityRequest;
import com.google.longrunning.Operation;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;

public class UndeleteCertificateAuthority {

  public static void main(String[] args)
      throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException, TimeoutException, IOException {
    // TODO(developer): Replace these variables before running the sample.
    // location: For a list of locations, see:
    // https://cloud.google.com/certificate-authority-service/docs/locations
    // poolId: The id of the CA pool under which the deleted CA is present.
    // certificateAuthorityName: The name of the CA to be restored (undeleted).
    String project = "your-project-id";
    String location = "ca-location";
    String poolId = "ca-pool-id";
    String certificateAuthorityName = "certificate-authority-name";

    undeleteCertificateAuthority(project, location, poolId, certificateAuthorityName);
  }

  // Restore a deleted CA, if still within the grace period of 30 days.
  public static void undeleteCertificateAuthority(
      String project, String location, String poolId, String certificateAuthorityName)
      throws IOException, ExecutionException, InterruptedException, TimeoutException {
    // Initialize client that will be used to send requests. This client only needs to be created
    // once, and can be reused for multiple requests. After completing all of your requests, call
    // the `certificateAuthorityServiceClient.close()` method on the client to safely
    // clean up any remaining background resources.
    try (CertificateAuthorityServiceClient certificateAuthorityServiceClient =
        CertificateAuthorityServiceClient.create()) {

      String certificateAuthorityParent =
          CertificateAuthorityName.of(project, location, poolId, certificateAuthorityName)
              .toString();

      // Confirm if the CA is in DELETED stage.
      if (getCurrentState(certificateAuthorityServiceClient, certificateAuthorityParent)
          != State.DELETED) {
        System.out.println("CA is not deleted !");
        return;
      }

      // Create the Request.
      UndeleteCertificateAuthorityRequest undeleteCertificateAuthorityRequest =
          UndeleteCertificateAuthorityRequest.newBuilder()
              .setName(certificateAuthorityParent)
              .build();

      // Undelete the CA.
      ApiFuture<Operation> futureCall =
          certificateAuthorityServiceClient
              .undeleteCertificateAuthorityCallable()
              .futureCall(undeleteCertificateAuthorityRequest);

      Operation response = futureCall.get(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

      // CA state changes from DELETED to DISABLED if successfully restored.
      // Confirm if the CA is DISABLED.
      if (response.hasError()
          || getCurrentState(certificateAuthorityServiceClient, certificateAuthorityParent)
          != State.DISABLED) {
        System.out.println(
            "Unable to restore the Certificate Authority! Please try again !"
                + response.getError());
        return;
      }

      // The CA will be in the DISABLED state. Enable before use.
      System.out.println(
          "Successfully restored the Certificate Authority ! " + certificateAuthorityName);
    }
  }

  // Get the current state of CA.
  private static State getCurrentState(
      CertificateAuthorityServiceClient client, String certificateAuthorityParent) {
    return client.getCertificateAuthority(certificateAuthorityParent).getState();
  }
}

Python

To authenticate to CA Service, set up Application Default Credentials. For more information, see Set up authentication for a local development environment.

import google.cloud.security.privateca_v1 as privateca_v1


def undelete_certificate_authority(
    project_id: str, location: str, ca_pool_name: str, ca_name: str
) -> None:
    """
    Restore a deleted CA, if still within the grace period of 30 days.

    Args:
        project_id: project ID or project number of the Cloud project you want to use.
        location: location you want to use. For a list of locations, see: https://cloud.google.com/certificate-authority-service/docs/locations.
        ca_pool_name: the name of the CA pool under which the deleted CA is present.
        ca_name: the name of the CA to be restored (undeleted).
    """

    caServiceClient = privateca_v1.CertificateAuthorityServiceClient()
    ca_path = caServiceClient.certificate_authority_path(
        project_id, location, ca_pool_name, ca_name
    )

    # Confirm if the CA is in DELETED stage.
    ca_state = caServiceClient.get_certificate_authority(name=ca_path).state
    if ca_state != privateca_v1.CertificateAuthority.State.DELETED:
        print("CA is not deleted !")
        return

    # Create the Request.
    request = privateca_v1.UndeleteCertificateAuthorityRequest(name=ca_path)

    # Undelete the CA.
    operation = caServiceClient.undelete_certificate_authority(request=request)
    result = operation.result()

    print("Operation result", result)

    # Get the current CA state.
    ca_state = caServiceClient.get_certificate_authority(name=ca_path).state

    # CA state changes from DELETED to DISABLED if successfully restored.
    # Confirm if the CA is DISABLED.
    if ca_state == privateca_v1.CertificateAuthority.State.DISABLED:
        print("Successfully undeleted Certificate Authority:", ca_name)
    else:
        print(
            "Unable to restore the Certificate Authority! Please try again! Current state:",
            ca_state,
        )

What's next

• Learn about CA states.
• Learn how to delete CAs.