App Identity Python API Overview

Python 2.7/3.7 |Java 8/11 |PHP 5/7 |Ruby |Go 1.9/1.11/1.12 |Node.js

The App Identity API lets an application discover its application ID (also called the project ID). Using the ID, an App Engine application can assert its identity to other App Engine Apps, Google APIs, and third-party applications and services. The application ID can also be used to generate a URL or email address, or to make a run-time decision.

Getting the project ID

The project ID can be found using the app_identity.get_application_id() method. The WSGI or CGI environment exposes some implementation details, which are handled by the API.

Getting the application hostname

By default, App Engine apps are served from URLs in the form http://<your_app_id>.appspot.com, where the app ID is part of the hostname. If an app is served from a custom domain, it may be necessary to retrieve the entire hostname component. You can do this using the app_identity.get_default_version_hostname() method.

Asserting identity to other App Engine apps

If you want to determine the identity of the App Engine app that is making a request to your App Engine app, you can use the request header X-Appengine-Inbound-Appid. This header is added to the request by the URLFetch service and is not user modifiable, so it safely indicates the requesting application's project ID, if present.

Requirements:

• Only calls made to your app's appspot.com domain will contain the X-Appengine-Inbound-Appid header. Calls to custom domains do not contain the header.
• Your requests must be set to not follow redirects. Set the urlfetch.fetch() follow_redirects parameter to False.

In your application handler, you can check the incoming ID by reading the X-Appengine-Inbound-Appid header and comparing it to a list of IDs allowed to make requests. For example:

appengine/standard/app_identity/incoming/main.py

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import webapp2


class MainPage(webapp2.RequestHandler):
    allowed_app_ids = [
        'other-app-id',
        'other-app-id-2'
    ]

    def get(self):
        incoming_app_id = self.request.headers.get(
            'X-Appengine-Inbound-Appid', None)

        if incoming_app_id not in self.allowed_app_ids:
            self.abort(403)

        self.response.write('This is a protected page.')


app = webapp2.WSGIApplication([
    ('/', MainPage)
], debug=True)

Asserting identity to Google APIs

Google APIs use the OAuth 2.0 protocol for authentication and authorization. The App Identity API can create OAuth tokens that can be used to assert that the source of a request is the application itself. The get_access_token() method returns an access token for a scope, or list of scopes. This token can then be set in the HTTP headers of a call to identify the calling application.

The following example shows how to use the App Identity API to authenticate to the Cloud Storage API and retrieve and list of all buckets in the project.

Note: the Google API Client Libraries can also manage much of this for you automatically.

appengine/standard/app_identity/asserting/main.py

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import json
import logging

from google.appengine.api import app_identity
from google.appengine.api import urlfetch
import webapp2


class MainPage(webapp2.RequestHandler):
    def get(self):
        auth_token, _ = app_identity.get_access_token(
            'https://www.googleapis.com/auth/cloud-platform')
        logging.info(
            'Using token {} to represent identity {}'.format(
                auth_token, app_identity.get_service_account_name()))

        response = urlfetch.fetch(
            'https://www.googleapis.com/storage/v1/b?project={}'.format(
                app_identity.get_application_id()),
            method=urlfetch.GET,
            headers={
                'Authorization': 'Bearer {}'.format(auth_token)
            }
        )

        if response.status_code != 200:
            raise Exception(
                'Call failed. Status code {}. Body {}'.format(
                    response.status_code, response.content))

        result = json.loads(response.content)
        self.response.headers['Content-Type'] = 'application/json'
        self.response.write(json.dumps(result, indent=2))


app = webapp2.WSGIApplication([
    ('/', MainPage)
], debug=True)

Note that the application's identity is represented by the service account name, which is typically [e-mail]. You can get the exact value by using the get_service_account_name() method. For services which offer ACLs, you can grant the application access by granting this account access.

Asserting identity to third-party services

The token generated by get_access_token() only works against Google services. However you can use the underlying signing technology to assert the identity of your application to other services. The sign_blob() method will sign bytes using a private key unique to your application, and the get_public_certificates() method will return certificates which can be used to validate the signature.

Note: The certificates may be rotated from time to time, and the method may return multiple certificates. Only certificates that are currently valid are returned; if you store signed messages you will need additional key management in order to verify signatures later.

Here is an example showing how to sign a blob and validate its signature:

appengine/standard/app_identity/signing/main.py

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import base64

from Crypto.Hash import SHA256
from Crypto.PublicKey import RSA
from Crypto.Signature import PKCS1_v1_5
from Crypto.Util.asn1 import DerSequence
from google.appengine.api import app_identity
import webapp2


def verify_signature(data, signature, x509_certificate):
    """Verifies a signature using the given x.509 public key certificate."""

    # PyCrypto 2.6 doesn't support x.509 certificates directly, so we'll need
    # to extract the public key from it manually.
    # This code is based on https://github.com/google/oauth2client/blob/master
    # /oauth2client/_pycrypto_crypt.py
    pem_lines = x509_certificate.replace(b' ', b'').split()
    cert_der = base64.urlsafe_b64decode(b''.join(pem_lines[1:-1]))
    cert_seq = DerSequence()
    cert_seq.decode(cert_der)
    tbs_seq = DerSequence()
    tbs_seq.decode(cert_seq[0])
    public_key = RSA.importKey(tbs_seq[6])

    signer = PKCS1_v1_5.new(public_key)
    digest = SHA256.new(data)

    return signer.verify(digest, signature)


def verify_signed_by_app(data, signature):
    """Checks the signature and data against all currently valid certificates
    for the application."""
    public_certificates = app_identity.get_public_certificates()

    for cert in public_certificates:
        if verify_signature(data, signature, cert.x509_certificate_pem):
            return True

    return False


class MainPage(webapp2.RequestHandler):
    def get(self):
        message = 'Hello, world!'
        signing_key_name, signature = app_identity.sign_blob(message)
        verified = verify_signed_by_app(message, signature)

        self.response.content_type = 'text/plain'
        self.response.write('Message: {}\n'.format(message))
        self.response.write(
            'Signature: {}\n'.format(base64.b64encode(signature)))
        self.response.write('Verified: {}\n'.format(verified))


app = webapp2.WSGIApplication([
    ('/', MainPage)
], debug=True)

Getting the default Cloud Storage Bucket name

Each application can have one default Cloud Storage bucket, which includes 5GB of free storage and a free quota for I/O operations. The maximum storage of this bucket is 5GB, which you can increase by enabling billing for your app and paying for the extra storage making this a paid bucket.

To get the name of the default bucket, you can use the App Identity API. Call google.appengine.api.app_identity.app_identity.get_default_gcs_bucket_name.