Region ID
The REGION_ID is an abbreviated code that Google assigns
based on the region you select when you create your app. The code does not
correspond to a country or province, even though some region IDs may appear
similar to commonly used country and province codes. Including
REGION_ID.r in App Engine URLs is optional for
existing apps and will soon be required for all new apps.
To ensure a smooth transition, we are slowly updating App Engine to use region IDs. If we haven't updated your Google Cloud project yet, you won't see a region ID for your app. Since the ID is optional for existing apps, you don't need to update URLs or make other changes once the region ID is available for your existing apps.
Learn more about region IDs.
Use the following document to understand how to structure the services and related resources of your app for App Engine.
Directory structure
Each version of your App Engine service is defined in an
app.yaml
configuration file. For simple apps, the minimum requirement for deployment is
to define the app.yaml file. The app.yaml file acts as a deployment
descriptor and defines the scaling type and the
CPU, disk, and memory resources for a specific
version of a service. If you are deploying several versions of a service, you
can create multiple YAML files in the same directory to represent the
configuration for each of your versions.
Configuration files in the YAML format are used for the Eclipse Jetty 9 and Java 8 runtimes.
The file organization depends on which Java runtime you are using. You might need a WAR file or a JAR file, one for each service in your app. See the appropriate Java runtime developer guide for details.
Design considerations for instance uptime
Hardware or software failures that cause early termination or frequent instance restarts can occur without warning and can take considerable time to resolve. Your application should be able to handle such failures.
Here are some good strategies for avoiding downtime due to instance restarts:
- Reduce the amount of time it takes for your instances restart or for new ones to start.
- For long-running computations, periodically create checkpoints so that you can resume from that state.
- Your app should be "stateless" so that nothing is stored on the instance.
- Use queues for performing asynchronous task execution.
- If you configure your instances to manual scaling:
- Use load balancing across multiple instances.
- Configure more instances than required to handle normal traffic.
- Write fall-back logic that uses cached results when a manual scaling instance is unavailable.
Learn more about instances at How Instances are Managed.
The default service
Every App Engine application includes a default service. You must
deploy the initial version of your app to the default service before you can
create and deploy additional services to your app.
The default service can be optionally specified
in the app.yaml with the setting
service: default.
Requests sent to your app using your Cloud project are sent to the
default service, for example,
https://PROJECT_ID.REGION_ID.r.appspot.com. To learn
more about targeting your other services, see Communicating Between
Services.
Optional configuration files
The following configuration files control optional features that apply to all of the services in an individual app. See the following topics for details about each of the optional features:
Data and file storage considerations
From App Engine, you can easily access other Google Cloud services such as Datastore, Cloud SQL, and Cloud Storage.
You also have the option to use an external or third-party database if that database is supported by your language and accessible from your App Engine instance.
For details about storing files in Google Cloud or externally, see Understanding Data and File Storage.You can also choose how you want to serve your static content. You can serve your app's static content directly from that app in App Engine, host your static content on a Google Cloud option like Cloud Storage, or use a third-party content delivery network (CDN). For more information about serving static content, see Serving Static Files.